EFFECT OF APPLIED SELENIUM ON THE SELENIUM CONTENT OF BARLEY AND FORAGES AND SOIL SELENIUM DEPLETION RATES

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
UMESH C. GUPTA ◽  
K. A. WINTER ◽  
K. B. McRAE
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Sharp Decrease ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Trifolium Pratense L ◽  
Medicago Sativa L ◽  
Cropping Seasons ◽  
Phleum Pratense L

Two separate field experiments were conducted on several crops to determine the effect of selenium (Se) applied to soils with pH levels between 5.7 and 6.6. Tissue Se levels after a single application of Se and lime, were monitored for up to six cropping years or until the tissue Se fell below 0.1 ppm, the level considered to be necessary for animal nutrition. For applications of 1.12 and 2.24 kg Se/ha, the minimal tissue Se concentration (> 0.1 ppm) was maintained in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) for two cropping years, but with a very sharp decrease for the first 3 yr. In the case of timothy (Phleum pratense L.), tissue levels greater than 0.1 ppm were maintained for 3 yr at the higher rate of Se without lime and up to 5 yr at high soil pH levels. At the applied rates of 0.28 and 0.56 kg Se/ha, the tissue Se levels above 0.1 ppm in timothy, red clover (Trifolium pratense L.), and alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) were maintained for one and two cropping years, respectively. In spite of the sharp decrease in plant tissue Se levels, little decrease in total soil Se was noted at rates of 1.12 and 2.24 kg Se/ha after successive croppings of barley and timothy. Although not always significant, liming, in general, increased the plant Se concentration. The Se concentration (log ppm) for tissues (or depletion of Se availability) in the Se-applied plots decreased linearly for at least the first three cropping seasons.

EFFECTS OF THE DEGREE OF SELECTIVE FEEDING ALLOWED ON FORAGE VOLUNTARY INTAKE AND DIGESTIBILITY ASSAY RESULTS USING SHEEP

1973 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 431-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. P. HEANEY
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Curvilinear Relationship ◽  
Trifolium Pratense L ◽  
Medicago Sativa L ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Phleum Pratense L ◽  
Opportunity For Selection

Red clover (Trifolium pratense L.), first- and second-cut alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), timothy (Phleum pratense L.) hays, and oat (Avena sativa L.) straw were assayed for digestible dry matter (DDM) and dry matter intake (DMI) using sheep with various opportunities for feed selection provided by varying weighbacks between 0 and 30%. Digestible energy intakes (DEI) were also calculated. There was a slight increase in DMI values as the opportunity for selection increased, due to slightly lower DMI at low levels of weighback and higher DMI as weighback approached 30%. There were no changes in DMI due to the opportunity for selection when weighbacks varied only from 5 to 25%. Except for an apparent curvilinear relationship for the first-cut alfalfa, the change in DDM as the opportunity for selection increased was similar to that of DMI. However, the maximum changes in DDM that could be attributed to the opportunity for selection would be barely detectable in normal digestion trials. Changes in DEI attributable to the opportunity for selection were caused primarily by DMI rather than digestibility. DEI showed a slight increase as weighback increased, due to lower values at low levels of weighback and, in some cases, higher values at higher levels of weighback. There were no changes in DEI values that could be attributed to the opportunity for selection when weighbacks varied only from 5 to 25%. The data indicate that, for forage evaluation purposes, DMI and DDM can be assayed with confidence at levels of weighback between 5 and 20%.

EFFET DE LA PRESENCE DE LA FLEOLE DES PRES SUR LA SURVIE A L’HIVER DU TREFLE ROUGE

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 1101-1103 ◽  
Author(s):  
LUCIUS BELZILE
Keyword(s):  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Winter Survival ◽  
Trifolium Pratense L ◽  
Stand Yield ◽  
Phleum Pratense L

The influence of timothy (Phleum pratense L.) on winter survival of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) was studied in an experiment conducted in 1984–1985 and repeated in 1985–1986. The results indicate that the presence of timothy can help to improve red clover persistence. When the winter was favorable to the survival of legumes, the red clover population was higher in pure than in mixtured clover populations. However, when the winter was unfavorable to legumes, the red clover population was higher in populations mixed with timothy than in a pure clover population.Key words: Red clover-timothy mixture, winter survival, stand, yield

A COMPARISON OF PROTEIN DEGRADATION DURING WILTING AND ENSILING OF SIX FORAGE SPECIES

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 903-912 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. A. PAPADOPOULOS ◽  
B. D. McKERSIE
Keyword(s):  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Proteolytic Enzymes ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Protein Hydrolysis ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
Forage Species ◽  
Trifolium Pratense L ◽  
Medicago Sativa L ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata L

Protein hydrolysis was examined during wilting and ensiling of first and second cut herbage of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), red clover (Trifolium pratense L.), birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.), orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.), bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.) and timothy (Phleum pratense L.). During a 24-h wilting period, protein was hydrolyzed to soluble non-protein nitrogen (SNPN) more extensively in first cut than in second cut herbage. In both cuts the amount of protein hydrolysis occurring during wilting was greatest in alfalfa and least in red clover. After 30 days ensiling at 30 °C, SNPN content, expressed as percent of total nitrogen, was influenced by forage species, dry matter (DM) content, and cut. The extent of protein hydrolysis during ensiling was highest in alfalfa and lowest in red clover. In first cut silages, protein hydrolysis increased with DM content, but in the second cut silages, protein hydrolysis decreased as DM content increased. The amount of protein hydrolyzed during wilting or ensiling was not correlated with plant proteinase activity measured using azocasein as substrate. Consequently, the properties of the plant proteolytic enzymes associated with each species as well as the management of the forage prior to ensiling appear to influence the extent of proteolysis.Key words: Proteolysis, silage, haylage, proteinase

Forage chicory persists in combination with cool season grasses and legumes

1999 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. T. Kunelius ◽  
K. B. McRae
Keyword(s):  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Cichorium Intybus ◽  
Botanical Composition ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Trifolium Pratense L ◽  
Medicago Sativa L ◽  
Trifolium Repens L ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata L

Forage chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) was grown alone and in combination with various grasses and legumes for three production years to determine growth, botanical composition, and persistence. Chicory mixed with grasses and legumes produced greater yields than chicory alone. Mixtures of orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) + white clover (Trifolium repens L.), timothy (Phleum pratense L.) + alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), and timothy + red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) in combination with chicory produced the highest dry matter yields. Persistence of chicory was adequate; it survived for three production years in the cold-winter region of Atlantic Canada. Including chicory in grass/legume swards improved the seasonal distribution of herbage and increased late season production. Key words: Botanical composition, Cichorium intybus L., combinations, mixtures, persistence, seasonal yield distribution

The yield of legume-gramineous ecosystems with various varieties of red clover on the Non-Chernozem drained lands

2021 ◽  
pp. 15-20
Author(s):  
А.Д. Капсамун ◽  
Е.Н. Павлючик ◽  
Н.Н. Иванова
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Festuca Pratensis ◽  
Meadow Fescue ◽  
Trifolium Pratense L ◽  
Digestible Protein ◽  
Short Season ◽  
Phleum Pratense L

Изучение урожайности трёхкомпонентных бобово-злаковых травосмесей с различными сортами клевера лугового проводилось в Тверской области на опытном поле ВНИИ мелиорированных земель в 2018–2020 годах. Опыт заложен в 2018 году на осушаемой дерново-подзолистой почве. Изучались следующие сорта многолетних трав: клевер луговой (Trifolium pratense L.) Кретуновский, Грин, Шанс, Фаленский 86; люцерна изменчивая (× Medicago varia Mart.) Вега 87; тимофеевка луговая (Phleum pratense L.) ВИК 9 и овсяница луговая (Festuca pratensis L.) Сахаровская. В 2020 году наиболее высокими темпами роста обладали травостои второго года пользования с ранними сортами клевера лугового Кретуновский и Грин в смеси с тимофеевкой луговой сорта ВИК 9 — 67–70 см при густоте стеблестоя 495–852 шт./м2. Наиболее продуктивными на осушаемых землях показали себя смешанные травостои люцерны изменчивой, клевера лугового и тимофеевки луговой. Трёхкомпонентные агрофитоценозы укосного типа на основе сортов клевера лугового Кретуновский, Грин, Шанс, Фаленский 86, люцерны изменчивой и тимофеевки луговой сформировали урожай кормовой массы 35–39,7 т/га. Травосмесь тимофеевки луговой с раннеспелым сортом клевера Шанс сформировала два укоса с выходом сухой массы 9,5 т/га, овсяницы луговой — 9,0 т/га. Отмечено хорошее качество полученной растительной массы: содержание переваримого протеина составило 18,9–19,5 г/кг при энергетической питательности 1,09–1,26. В растительной массе травосмесей с овсяницей луговой содержание переваримого протеина было выше, чем в смесях с тимофеевкой луговой, на 1,1 г/кг корма в первом и на 2,41 г/кг корма во втором укосе. По содержанию кормовых единиц в 1 кг корма питательность кормовой массы в зависимости от состава исследуемых смесей была равноценна — 0,23–0,24. The investigation took place in the Tver region on the trial field of the All-Russian Research Institute of Reclaimed Lands in 2018–2020. The research tested the yield of trinary legume-gramineous ecosystems with various varieties of red clover. The field trial was carried out on the drained sod-podzolic soil in 2018. The following perennial grasses were studied: red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) “Kretunovskiy”, “Grin”, “Shans”, “Falenskiy 86”; bastard alfalfa (× Medicago varia Mart.) “Vega 87”; common timothy (Phleum pratense L.) “VIK 9”; and meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis L.) “Sakharovskaya”. Growth rates were the highest in the mixtures with short-season red clover varieties “Kretunovskiy”, “Grin”, and common timothy. In 2020, these variants reached height of 67–70 cm and density of 495–852 plants per m2 in the second year. Trinary ecosystems to be cut with bastard alfalfa, red clover “Kretunovskiy”, “Grin”, “Shans”, “Falenskiy 86”, and common timothy provided the maximum yield on the drained lands — 35–39.7 t ha-1. The mixture of common timothy with short-season red clover “Shans” formed 9.5 t ha-1 of dry mass per two cuts, meadow fescue — 9.0 t ha-1. The feed mass showed high quality: digestible protein content was 18.9–19.5 g/kg, energy nutrition was 1.09–1.26. Mixtures with meadow fescue exceeded the ones with common timothy in digestible protein content by 1.1 g/kg in the first cut and by 2.41 g/kg — in the second one. Different variants showed almost no variation in feed units per 1 kg of forage — 0.23–0.24.

FORAGE CROP MATURITY ZONATION IN THE ATLANTIC REGION USING GROWING DEGREE-DAYS

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 329-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. BOOTSMA
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Growing Degree Days ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Atlantic Region ◽  
Maturity Stages ◽  
Trifolium Pratense L ◽  
Medicago Sativa L ◽  
Phleum Pratense L

Accumulated growing degree-days above 5 °C (GDD) were used to estimate the average time of occurrence of maturity stages before first harvest in post seeding years for alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), double cut red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) and timothy (Phleum pratense L.) in the Atlantic region of Canada. Maturity stages recommended for first cut were reached after an average accumulation of approximately 350, 400 and 450 GDD, depending upon the cultivar. Estimates of maturity dates based on the average air temperature (T) for May and June were highly correlated with annually observed dates of selected maturity stages [Formula: see text]. T was also used to estimate regional variation in maturity dates based on normals for the 1951–1980 period from 231 climate stations. Eight maturity zones (M1 to M8) were designated for the region. Estimated average dates when forage cultivars reach maturity stages recommended for first cut ranged from on or before 15 June–25 June in the Annapolis and Saint John River valleys to after mid-July in parts of Newfoundland.Key words: Medicago sativa L., Phleum pratense L., Trifolium pratense L., cutting date, temperature, zonation

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