Breeding potential of the backcross progenies of a hybrid between Trifolium medium × T. pratense to T. pratense

2002 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 395-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sachiko Isobe ◽  
Akira Sawai ◽  
Hidekazu Yamaguchi ◽  
Mitsuru Gau ◽  
Kazuhiro Uchiyama
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Interspecific Hybridization ◽  
Pollen Fertility ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Backcross Progeny ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Mature Seeds

In this study, T. medium (zigzag clover, 2n = 80 and T. pratense (red clover, 2n = 28) were hybridized and backcrossed four times to T. pratense (BC1, BC2, BC3and BC4), and the seed production and vigor of the backcross progenies were assessed under field conditions. Both female and pollen fertility of the backcross progenies increased as the backcross generations advanced. Female and pollen fertility of BC4 were 21.3 and 65.3%, respectively. When honeybees were used as pollinators, almost all BC4 plants produced mature seeds in the field. Most of the BC1, BC2, and BC3 plants died by the end of the fourth year in the field, whereas 61% of the BC4 plants survived for 4 yr. The number of chromosomes in 79% of the BC4 plants was more than 28, which is greater than that of T. pratense. Differences in leaflet size and shape between BC4 plants and T. pratense suggest that genes from T. medium were expressed in the BC4 plants. These results indicate that BC4 plants may be useful for the improvement of the persistence of T. pratense. Key words: Backcross progeny, breeding material, interspecific hybridization, Trifolium medium, Trifolium pratense

Selection for persistence in red clover

1999 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 357-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. R. Christie ◽  
R. A. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Root System ◽  
Recurrent Selection ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Fibrous Root ◽  
Phenotypic Recurrent Selection ◽  
Trifolium Pratense L ◽  
Selection For

To increase the persistence of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.), phenotypic recurrent selection was conducted under field conditions. After three cycles of selection, a strain designated as CRS-16, was developed. This strain has better persistence than the check cultivars, Florex and Marino, and has a more fibrous root system. Among 4-yr-old plants, about 10% initiated new shoots from below the crown. Key words: Red clover, Trifolium pratense L. persistence, root type

INFLUENCE DES CULTIVARS ET DES STADES DE PRÉLÈVEMENT DE LA PREMIÈRE POUSSE SUR LA PRODUCTION DE SEMENCE DE TRÈFLE ROUGE

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 1071-1080 ◽  
Author(s):  
LUCIUS BELZILE
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Cultivar Group ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Clover Seed

For five years, the effect of cultivars and vegetative stage of cutting were measured on red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) seed production. The first group of cultivars included Hungaropoli, Ottawa and Lakeland harvested in 1981 and 1982. The second group included Arlington, Florex and Prosper I harvested in 1984, 1985 and 1987. The total annual seed yield differed within cultivars and the highest seed yield was obtained with Hungaropoly and Florex. In the first cultivar group, the tetraploid Hungaropoly obtained a kernel weight higher than the diploids Lakeland and Ottawa. In the second group of cultivars, all diploids, Arlington yielded the highest kernel weight. The percentage of seed germination of Hungaropoly was higher than Lakeland and Ottawa while for Florex it was slightly higher than Arlington and Prosper I. A prior vegetative cutting is essential for good seed yield. In the absence of vegetative cutting seed weight seemed improved. The stage of development at which vegetative cutting is done has little influence on percentage seed germination. These results have shown that despite the strong effect of climatic conditions on seed production, the choice of the optimum stage for vegetative cutting and a well adapted cultivar are important aspects in successful seed production.Key words: Red clover, seed production, cultivar, stage of cutting

scholarly journals Pollination effectiveness of European honeybee, Apis mellifera (Hymenoptera: Apidae), in an Oriental persimmon, Diospyros kaki (Ericales: Ebenaceae), orchard

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 405-412
Author(s):  
Shoko Nakamura ◽  
Shunsuke Yamamoto ◽  
Nobuo Sawamura ◽  
Aoi Nikkeshi ◽  
Shigeki Kishi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Diospyros Kaki ◽  
Japanese Persimmon ◽  
Pollination Effectiveness ◽  
Mature Seeds ◽  
European Honeybee ◽  
Female Flowers

Abstract Most common cultivars of Oriental (or Japanese) persimmon, Diospyros kaki Thunb. (Ericales: Ebenaceae), set mostly female flowers and require pollen from male flowers of other cultivars for pollination. Growers often introduce the European honeybee, Apis mellifera L. (Hymenoptera: Apidae), into their orchards to promote pollination. Here, we investigated the pollination effectiveness of A. mellifera for D. kaki ‘Saijo,’ by monitoring flower visitors, analyzing pollen grains on bees’ body surfaces, and comparing the number of mature seeds in fruits among years with different pollinator availabilities. Apis mellifera and the bumblebee Bombus ardens ardens Smith (Hymenoptera: Apidae) were the major visitors for 3 years, although their dominance varied among years. The number of mature seeds was positively correlated with the number of B. ardens ​ardens visiting D. kaki flowers, but not with that of A. mellifera. Apis mellifera might be less efficient because visitors to female flowers carried significantly fewer pollen grains on their body surfaces than those of B. ardens ​ardens. Analysis of pollen loads of honeybees captured at their nest entrance suggested their preference for red clover, Trifolium pratense L. (Fabales: Fabaceae), and Toxicodendron spp. (Sapindales: Anacardiaceae), over D. kaki as a pollen source in our study site. The effectiveness of A. mellifera on D. kaki pollination should be carefully evaluated considering the effects of coexisting floral and pollinator species.

Interspecific Hybridization of Red Clover ( Trifolium pratense L. ) 1

Crop Science ◽  
1963 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 549-552 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norman L. Taylor ◽  
W. H. Stroube ◽  
G. B. Collins ◽  
W. A. Kendall
Keyword(s):  
Interspecific Hybridization ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Trifolium Pratense L

scholarly journals Boron application in red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) seed production

2015 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dalibor Tomić ◽  
Vladeta Stevović ◽  
Dragan Đurović ◽  
Milomirka Madić ◽  
Nikola Bokan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Acid Soil ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Relative Increase ◽  
Second Growth ◽  
Trifolium Pratense L ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Positive Effect

AbstractA field trial with four red clover cultivars was established on acid soil in order to evaluate the effect of foliar boron application on seed yield. The crop received foliar boron treatment during the second growth of the second year at two applications. Although seed yield showed a significant increase in boron-treated plants in 2011 compared with control (26.0%), its relative increase was far higher in 2010 (43.2%), which had increased total rainfall amounts during flowering. Sufficient level of boron supply to red clover plants for seed production has a remarkably positive effect under conditions hampering pollination and fertilisation.

Effet des types de sol sur la production de semence du trèfle rouge

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 1039-1046 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucius Belzile
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Thousand Grain Weight ◽  
Light Soil ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Percent Germination ◽  
Trifolium Pratense L ◽  
Clover Seed

Red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) was grown for seed production after the seeding year on two different types of soils, in the same climatic area. An important difference in yield which was often related to cultivar and sometimes to year was observed between the two soils — the light soil, Saint-André gravelly loam, produced more seed than the heavy Kamouraska clay. Seed yield differed between cultivars with Florex and Arlington producing the most. On an annual basis, the thousand-grain weight was higher on Kamouraska than on Saint-André. The percent germination was not influenced by soil type and cultivar but variation between years was observed. The production of heads per plant was higher on Saint-André. The number of seeds produced per plant and per head was, as for yield, higher on Saint-André than Kamouraska. The influence of cultivars and years was not always visible on these last parameters. Therefore these results demonstrate that generally the success of red clover seed production depends not only on cultivar and climatic conditions, but that within the same climatic area the type of soil is a major factor. Key words: Red clover, seed production, soil effect, year of harvest, cultivar, yield components

Characterizing nitrogen transfer from red clover populations to companion bluegrass under field conditions

2012 ◽  
Vol 92 (6) ◽  
pp. 1163-1173 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. M. S. Thilakarathna ◽  
Y. A. Papadopoulos ◽  
A. V. Rodd ◽  
A. N. Gunawardena ◽  
S. A. E. Fillmore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Nitrogen Transfer ◽  
Nitrate Content ◽  
N Fixation ◽  
N Transfer

Thilakarathna, R. M. M. S., Papadopoulos, Y. A., Rodd, A. V., Gunawardena, A. N., Fillmore, S. A. E. and Prithiviraj, B. 2012. Characterizing nitrogen transfer from red clover populations to companion bluegrass under field conditions. Can. J. Plant Sci. 92: 1163–1173. The ability of two red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) cultivars, AC Christie (diploid) and Tempus (tetraploid), to transfer fixed nitrogen (N) to companion bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) was evaluated under field conditions. Plant samples were harvested three times during the 2009 growing season and N transfer from the red clover cultivars to bluegrass was determined using the natural abundance method for first harvest and 15N dilution techniques for second and third harvests. Soil and soil water samples were used to evaluate cultivar effects on soil N conditions. Both red clover cultivars derived more than 90% of their N from biological N fixation. The proportion of bluegrass N derived from interplant N transfer was 7, 11, and 26% for the first, second, and third harvests, respectively. Soil KCl extractable nitrate increased along the three cuts for Tempus in the 0 to 15-cm soil zone. Soil-water nitrate content increased periodically for AC Christie and remained constant for Tempus throughout the growing season. This result indicates that the two cultivars have distinctly different N cycling patterns.

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