Effects of row arrangement and plant density on yield and quality of early, small-vined processing tomatoes

2002 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 765-770 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Warner ◽  
X. Hao ◽  
T. Q. Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Single Row ◽  
Tomato Processing ◽  
Early Processing ◽  
Blossom End Rot ◽  
Year 2000 ◽  
Processing Tomatoes

Early processing tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) cv. H9230 and N 1045 were field grown with three row arrangements and two plant population densities in 1999, 2000 and 2001 to investigate their effects on fruit yield, quality, and foliar and fruit diseases. An equidistant single row arrangement (75/75 cm) resulted in similar or higher yield compared with the two less-even twin row arrangements (60/90 cm and 40/110 cm) over the 3 yr. The equidistant single row arrangement (75/75 cm) and wide twin row arrangement (60/90 cm) had reduced foliar and fruit diseases in a wet year (2000). However, the incidence of blossom-end rot was greater in the equidistant single row arrangement in a dry year (2001). Increasing the plant density from 33 300 to 40 400 plants ha-1 by reducing the plant spacing within the row from 40 to 33 cm increased the yield by 3–5 t ha-1. Row arrangement or plant density did not affect fruit size or soluble solids. Fruit size and soluble solids of H9230 were consistently greater than those of N1045 in all 3 yr. For production of early, small-vined processing tomatoes in southwestern Ontario, an equidistant single row arrangement with a plant density of 40 000 plants ha-1 is suggested. Key words: Lycopersicon esculentum, tomato, processing, yield, soluble solids, blossom-end rot

EFFECT OF IRRIGATION AND PLANT POPULATION ON YIELD, FRUIT SPECK AND BLOSSOM-END ROT OF PROCESSING TOMATOES

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 1011-1018 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. S. TAN ◽  
B. N. DHANVANTARI
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Plant Population ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
Available Soil Moisture ◽  
Blossom End Rot ◽  
Irrigation Effects ◽  
Processing Tomatoes

Two tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) cultivars, Heinz-2653 and Campbell-28, were grown on Fox loamy sand in the subhumid region of southern Ontario from 1979 to 1982. Irrigation increased the marketable yields of H-2653 in a dry year, 1982, but not in the other years. Irrigation substantially increased marketable yields of C-28 in 1979 and 1982. Irrigation, when the available soil moisture (ASM) level reached 50%, was no more effective than when the ASM level in the soil was allowed to drop to 25%. Without irrigation yield increased as plant population increased in normal and wet years, but not in a dry year. Blossom-end rot (BER) of C-28 cultivar was markedly reduced by irrigation. Effects of irrigation or plant population treatments on the incidence of fruit speck did not appear to be significant.Key words: Available soil moisture, Lycopersicon esculentum, Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato, fruit speck

Use of Lycopersicon cheesmanii and L. chmielewskii to increase dry matter content of tomato fruit

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 273-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Poysa
Keyword(s):  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Total Solids ◽  
Solids Content

Advanced lines and backcrosses from interspecific hybridization of processing tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) with six L. chmielewskii (Rick, Kesicki, Fobes and Holle) and L. cheesmanii (Riley) accessions were evaluated in the field over 2 yr for soluble solids content (SSC), total solids content (TSC), fruit yield and fruit size to determine the effectiveness of combining elevated solids levels with high fruit yield and size following early generation selection. More than a quarter of the lines had significantly higher SSC levels than the recurrent tomato parent, Purdue 812 (P812). Several lines combined high SSC and TSC with high fruit yield and large fruit size to produce more dry matter yield per hectare or per fruit than P812. Two backcrosses were optimal for combining high SSC and high yield. SSC and TSC were negatively correlated with fruit size and, to a lesser degree, with fruit yield. Key words: Lycopersicon esculentum, soluble solids, total solids

EARLIBRIGHT, AN EARLY PROCESSING TOMATO

1986 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 417-419
Author(s):  
JOHN G. METCALF ◽  
WILLARD P. MOHR ◽  
ANDRES A. REYES
Keyword(s):  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Processing Tomato ◽  
Fruit Cracking ◽  
Early Processing ◽  
Blossom End Rot

Earlibright is an early, multiple hand-picked, dark crimson colored tomato suitable for the whole-pack and juice industry. It is resistant to blossom end rot, fruit cracking, and sun bleaching.Key words: Lycopersicon esculentum, blossom end rot, fruit cracking, sun bleaching, ethephon

scholarly journals EFFETS DE LA COMPOSITION DU SUBSTRAT TOURBEUX ET DU VOLUME DES SACS DE CULTURE SUR LA PRODUCTIVITÉ DE LA TOMATE DE SERRE

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 585-590 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROCK OUIMET ◽  
JOSÉE CHARBONNEAU ◽  
ANDRÉ GOSSELIN ◽  
LÉON-ÉTIENNE PARENT ◽  
JACQUES BLAIN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Tomato Cultivar ◽  
Substrate Composition ◽  
Greenhouse Tomato ◽  
Blossom End Rot ◽  
Greenhouse Tomatoes

A large-fruited greenhouse tomato cultivar (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. ’Dombello’) was grown in 12-, 24- and 36-L bags containing three types of peat:perlite substrates (85:15, 70:30 and 55:45, vol:vol). The control consisted of 36-L bags containing peat only. Plant density was three plants per bag, i.e. 3.22 plants m−2. Early and total yields of marketable and nonmarketable fruits were measured. Early yields were higher for plants grown in 12- or 24-L bags as compared to those grown in 36-L bags, although blossom-end rot followed the same trend. Seasonal cumulative yields were not influenced significantly by bag size and substrate composition. Reduced perlite content and bag size increased the incidence of blossom-end rot. The incidence of blossom-end rot and average fruit weight indicate that reduction of root-zone volume and air porosity increased water stress. Greenhouse tomatoes can be grown successfully in smaller bag sizes containing peat substrate amended with more than 15% perlite.Key words: Tomato, peat-lite substrates, root-zone restriction, blossom-end rot, fruit weight, grow bag

scholarly journals Influence of Plant Density on Yield and Fruit Quality of Greenhouse-grown Galia Muskmelons

2007 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 580-585 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan C. Rodriguez ◽  
Nicole L. Shaw ◽  
Daniel J. Cantliffe
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Market Price ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Net Returns ◽  
Protected Cultivation ◽  
Greenhouse Plant ◽  
Solids Content

Galia-type muskmelon (Cucumis melo cv. Gal-152) was grown as a fall and spring crop to determine the effect of plant density (1.7, 2.5, 3.3, and 4.1 plants/m2) on yield, fruit quality, plant growth, and economic feasibility for producing the crop in a greenhouse. Plant density had no influence on the early or total number of fruit produced per plant. Marketable yields increased linearly from 11.0 to 20.0 kg·m−2 in fall and from 21.9 to 48.3 kg·m−2 in spring with increasing plant density. Mean fruit size was unaffected by plant density during fall (mean weight, 1.0 kg), but was reduced linearly during spring from 1.8 kg at 1.7 plants/m2 to 1.5 kg at 4.1 plants/m2. Soluble solids content was unaffected by plant density in either fall or spring and averaged 10.1% in both seasons. Number of leaves per plant was unaffected by plant density, but internode length was increased at 4.1 plants/m2 compared with plants from the other densities. Increasing the plant density of ‘Gal-152’ muskmelon grown under protected cultivation led to increased yields in both fall and spring without negatively impacting fruit quality. When the market price is $1.44/kg, increased yields at 3.3 plants/m2 can potentially increase net returns over yields of plants spaced at 2.5 plants/m2 by 25% and nearly double net returns from plants grown at 1.7 plants/m2.

PLANT SPACING EFFECTS ON YIELD OF THE GREENHOUSE TOMATO

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 565-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
ATHANASIOS P. PAPADOPOULOS ◽  
DOUGLAS P. ORMROD
Keyword(s):  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Plant Spacing ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Tomato Crop ◽  
Greenhouse Tomato ◽  
Lycopersicon Esculentum Mill ◽  
Spacing Effects

The effect of six equidistant spacings (23, 30, 38, 45, 53 and 60 cm, corresponding to 113 000, 74 000, 53 000, 40 000, 31 000 and 25 000 plants ha−1, respectively) on fruit yield of four-row plantings of greenhouse tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. ’Jumbo’ and ’Ohio CR-6’) was studied over two spring and two fall seasons. Fruit was harvested and recorded separately from inside (shaded) and outside (exposed) plants of the four-row plantings. The total and marketable yield (g plant−1) of both inside and outside plants of both cultivars and in both seasons declined linearly with successive decreases in plant spacing. The rate of yield reduction of both cultivars was steeper in the spring, compared to the fall season. Also, the rate of yield reduction in the spring was steeper on inside compared to outside plants; but, in the fall, yield was similar for inside and outside plants. The response of the total and marketable yield (g m−2) of both inside and outside plants of both cultivars and in both seasons to decreasing plant spacing was described by a first or second degree polynomial. In the fall, the total and marketable yield of all plants increased (mostly) linearly with decreasing plant spacing; but, in the spring, yields were highest at intermediate spacings and declined with closer and wider spacings. We conclude that there is a greater potential for marketable yield increases, with any increase in plant density from a normal of 25 000 plants ha−1 to a maximum of 74 000 or 113 000 plants ha−1 for the cvs. Ohio CR-6 and Jumbo, respectively, in a fall greenhouse tomato crop than in a spring crop. However, with closer planting, a reduction in fruit size must be anticipated in both seasons.Key words: Lycopersicon esculentum Mill., plant spacing, greenhouse tomato

Effects of nitrogen fertilization on fruit yield and quality of processing tomatoes

2004 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 865-871 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Warner ◽  
T. Q. Zhang ◽  
X. Hao
Keyword(s):  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Available N ◽  
Processing Tomato

Four processing tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) cultivars (CC337, H9230, H9492 and H9553) were field-grown in southwestern Ontario using five N fertilization rates in each of 4 yr (0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 kg N ha-1 in 1999 and 0, 100, 150, 200 and 250 kg N ha-1 in 2000, 2001 and 2002). Total fruit yield increased linearly as N rate was increased except in 2001, which was a dry year. Responses of marketable yield to fertilizer N rate were dependent on cultivar and the year. In years when sufficient soil water was available, N fertilizer rates of 200 kg ha-1 or higher were required to produce the maximum marketable yield for the four cultivars. In the dryer years, the response to fertilizer N rate was cultivar dependent, and the application of 150 to 200 kg N ha-1 was sufficient to maximize marketable yield. Fertilizer N above the rate required for maximum marketable yield increased green fruit yield at harvest. Nitrogen rate did not affect the soluble solids (SS) content, firmness, size or colour of marketable fruit. Differences in yield and fruit quality were noted among cultivars. H9553 was the highest-yielding cultivar. H9230 had the largest fruit size. CC337 generally had the best red fruit colour and the lowest percent SS. H9492 generally had the highest percent SS. To attain maximum marketable yields, it appears that N rates should be adjusted based on cultivars, anticipated rainfall levels and availability of irrigation. Key words: Lycopersicon esculentum, processing tomato, nitrogen fertilization, yield, quality

Picking Regimes Affect Yield, Grade Distribution and Retail Value of Colored Bell Pepper

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 550d-550
Author(s):  
Eric H. Simonne ◽  
John T. Owen
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Size ◽  
Bell Pepper ◽  
Bare Ground ◽  
Green Pepper ◽  
Single Row ◽  
Grade Distribution ◽  
Bell Peppers

The retail value of yellow and red bell peppers is usually three to five times higher than that of the green ones. However, colored bell pepper production in Alabama is presently limited because most growers do not wait the additional 3 to 6 days needed for marketable green pepper to develop color. Hence, drip-irrigated yellow `Admiral' and `Goldcoast' and red `Bell Star' and `Capsitrano' bell peppers were grown in single row and bare-ground, and harvested as needed between July and October 1997 at the 0/3 (green), 1/3 or 2/3 colored stages. The interaction variety × picking method was not signficant (P > 0.50). Early (9,136 kg/ha) and total (32,363 kg/ha) yields of green (0/3) peppers were significantly (P < 0.05) higher than those of the 1/3 and 2/3 colored ones (5,166 and 27,235 kg/ha, respectively). Higher green yields were mainly due to increased numbers of marketable fruits rather than increased fruit size. The longer the pods stayed on the plants, the more likely was sunscald to occur. Retail values (/ha) for the early fancy grade were $10,800 and $20,500 for the green and colored peppers, respectively (using $2 and $6/kg, respectively). These results suggest that the present higher retail value of the colored bell peppers off-sets the lower expected yields.

Interaction Between CPPU and NAA on Fruit Thinning and Fruit Development in Selected Apple Cultivars

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 513c-513 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin J. Bukovac ◽  
Jerome Hull ◽  
John C. Neilsen ◽  
Michael Schroeder ◽  
Georg Noga
Keyword(s):  
Total Yield ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Frost Damage ◽  
Fruit Growth ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Seed Number ◽  
Crop Load ◽  
Fruit Thinning ◽  
Carpel Development ◽  
Return Bloom

NAA is used extensively for fruit thinning of apples to increase fruit size and to promote return bloom. In some cultivars, even if thinning is achieved, fruit size at harvest may be less than expected based on crop load. CPPU, N-(2-chloro-4-pyridinyl)-N.-phenylurea, has been shown to increase fruit growth in apples, grapes, and kiwi. We evaluated combinations of NAA and CPPU on thinning, fruit growth and return bloom in Redchief `Delicious', `Elstar', and `Gloster'. CPPU was applied at 5 mgμL–1 (based on 0 to 10 mgμL–1 response curve) in combination with 15 mgμL–1 NAA as high-volume sprays at 7 to 10 mm KFD. Yield and fruit size distribution (on total yield) were used as index of response. In `Delicious', CPPU (3-year study) increased % large (70 mm+) fruit, but in the presence of NAA % large fruit was reduced 2 of the 3 years. CPPU did not induce significant thinning. There were no significant effects on color or soluble solids; firmness was increased slightly and seed number reduced. The L/D ratio was increased and uneven lobe and carpel development was common. CPPU had no significant effect on return bloom in presence or absence of NAA, but NAA increased bloom in both the presence and absence of CPPU. With `Elstar' (2-year study) there was no significant thinning with either chemical, but CPPU increased mean fruit size and % large (70–80 mm) fruit over nonthinned, but not significantly greater than NAA alone. There were no significant differences in firmness, color, soluble solids or seed number. NAA + CPPU did not inhibit fruit growth or cause excessive uneven carpel development. Frost damage reduced crop load in `Gloster' where results were similar to `Elstar' except seed number was reduced by the NAA + CPPU combination.

scholarly journals Higher Temperatures Decrease Fruit Size in Strawberry Growing in the Subtropics

Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Christopher Menzel
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Size ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
Small Fruit ◽  
Solids Content

Five strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) cultivars were grown in Queensland, Australia to determine whether higher temperatures affect production. Transplants were planted on 29 April and data collected on growth, marketable yield, fruit weight and the incidence of small fruit less than 12 g until 28 October. Additional data were collected on fruit soluble solids content (SSC) and titratable acidity (TA) from 16 September to 28 October. Minimum temperatures were 2 °C to 4 °C higher than the long-term averages from 1965 to 1990. Changes in marketable yield followed a dose-logistic pattern (p < 0.001, R2s = 0.99). There was a strong negative relationship between fruit weight (marketable) and the average daily mean temperature in the four or seven weeks before harvest from 29 July to 28 October (p < 0.001, R2s = 0.90). There were no significant relationships between SSC and TA, and temperatures in the eight days before harvest from 16 September to 28 October (p > 0.05). The plants continued to produce a marketable crop towards the end of the season, but the fruit were small and more expensive to harvest. Higher temperatures in the future are likely to affect the economics of strawberry production in subtropical locations.

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