Inheritance of yellow pigment concentration in seven durum wheat crosses

2006 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. R. Clarke ◽  
J. M. Clarke ◽  
T. N. McCaig ◽  
R. E. Knox ◽  
R. M. DePauw
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Environmental Effects ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Yellow Pigment ◽  
Pigment Concentration ◽  
Quality Characteristic ◽  
Effective Factors ◽  
Selection Strategies ◽  
Age Related

Yellow pigment concentration of the endosperm due to the presence of xanthophyll and other related compounds is an important processing quality characteristic in durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum). There is also interest in plant pigments for health reasons because lutein, a major component of durum grain pigment, may play a role in prevention of age-related macular degen eration. Selection for pigment concentration of durum wheat is thus an important breeding objective. Clarification of environmental effects and the mode of inheritance would aid planning of crosses and selection strategies to improve pigment concentration. This study evaluated seven durum wheat crosses of high by low pigment concentration parents in five field trials grown at two or more locations for 2 or more years in western Canada. Pigment concentration varied with environment. A portion of the variability could be ascribed to environmental effects on kernel weight, which tended to be negatively correlated with pigment concentration in some crosses and years (r = 0.08 to -0.49), but was not consistent. Inheritance of pigment concentration was multigenic as evidenced by bi-directional transgressive segregation and estimates of the number of effective factors controlling the trait. The number of effective factors varied with cross and environment, ranging from 3 to 27. Heritability of pigment concentration was high when measured in replicated, multi-location, multiyear trials, and ranged from 0.88 to 0.95, but lower (0.34) in an unreplicated segregating cross. The complex inheritance of pigment concentration means that other genetic tools, such as DNA markers, will be required to improve choice of parents for crossing and selection strategies in breeding programs. Key words: Durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum), pigment concentration, inheritance, environment

AAC Succeed Durum Wheat

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuefeng Ruan ◽  
Asheesh K. Singh ◽  
R. M. DePauw ◽  
Ron Knox ◽  
Richard Cuthbert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Cadmium Concentration ◽  
Yellow Pigment ◽  
Pigment Concentration ◽  
Canadian Prairies ◽  
Production Area ◽  
Wheat Blossom Midge ◽  
Grain Cadmium

AAC Succeed durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durum (Desf.) Husn.) is adapted to the durum production area of the Canadian prairies. AAC Succeed carries the Sm1 gene which confers antibiosis-based resistance to orange wheat blossom midge [Sitodiplosis modellana (Gehin)]. Averaged over three years, AAC Succeed yielded significantly more grain than Strongfield (7%) and AC Navigator (21%). AAC Succeed had a protein concentration significantly higher than Brigade and AC Navigator and similar to Strongfield. AAC Succeed had significantly stronger straw as measured by lodging score than Strongfield and similar to Brigade. AAC Succeed is eligible for grades of Canada Western Amber Durum, has low grain cadmium concentration, and it has higher yellow pigment concentration than the check cultivars.

Inheritance of test weight and kernel weight in eight durum wheat crosses

2009 ◽  
Vol 89 (6) ◽  
pp. 1047-1057 ◽  
Author(s):  
F R Clarke ◽  
J M Clarke ◽  
C J Pozniak ◽  
R E Knox
Keyword(s):  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Transgressive Segregation ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Test Weight ◽  
Kernel Weights ◽  
Selection Strategies ◽  
Environmental Interactions

High test weight and uniform kernel size are important grading factors for durum wheat [Triticum turgidum L. ssp. durum (Desf.) Husn.] because both are associated with semolina yield. The objective of this research was to determine the inheritance and heritability of test and kernel weights to facilitate development of selection strategies. Eight durum populations were grown in replicated, multi-location, multi-year field trials. Test weight and kernel weights were determined on all plots after harvest. Both traits were affected by genotype and to a lesser extent by year or location. Genotype environmental interactions were generally minor. Trial means for test weight ranged from 72.7 to 81.0 kg hL-1 and from 31.5 to 50.9 mg for kernel weight. All populations showed bi-directional transgressive segregation for both traits, and the estimated number of effective factors controlling them ranged from 4 to 23, indicating quantitative inheritance. With the exception of one population, heritability of test weight ranged from 0.80 to 0.92 and of kernel weight from 0.83 to 0.93. Both traits generally showed positive phenotypic and genotypic correlations with plant height. Also, mean test weight and kernel weight were higher for the gibberellic acid-sensitive (tall) than for the insensitive (semidwarf) group within populations segregating for gibberellic acid response.Key words: Test weight, kernel weight, inheritance, heritability

Breeding durum wheat in western Canada: Historical trends in yield and related variables

1995 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. N. McCaig ◽  
J. M. Clarke
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Kernel Number ◽  
Historical Trends ◽  
Days To Maturity ◽  
Sink Demand ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Selection Of

Canadian durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L.) production is centred in the Brown and Dark Brown soil zones, areas of limited rainfall. For more than 50 yr, lines have been evaluated in the multi-location Durum Cooperative Test. Data from this test, over the period 1947–1992, were analyzed with the objectives of determining the advances that have been made within the Canada Western Amber Durum (CWAD) wheat class and comparing yield-related variables of recently registered cultivars with those of earlier cultivars. Canadian-developed cultivars have increased yields about 0.81% yr−1 relative to Hercules, or approximately 22.6 kg ha−1 yr−1. As kernel weight has remained unchanged, the genetic yield increases have resulted entirely from an increase in the number of kernels produced. Because kernel number is determined prior to, and during, anthesis, further yield increases may depend upon selection of genotypes that produce higher numbers of kernels, thereby increasing sink demand. While plant height and hectolitre weight have been decreasing over time, neither variable was significantly (P < 0.05) correlated with the yield increases that have taken place over the 29-yr period. The selection pressure toward shorter cultivars may have involved other agronomic advantages, such as decreased lodging. Days to maturity did not change significantly over time and was not correlated with yield. Key words:Triticum turgidum, kernel number, kernel weight, height, hectolitre weight

Temperature and precipitation effects on durum wheat grown in southern Saskatchewan for fifty years

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. N. McCaig
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Maximum Effect ◽  
Weather Variables ◽  
Kernel Number ◽  
Weather Factors ◽  
Brown Soil ◽  
Soil Zone ◽  
Semi Arid

Approximately 60% of Canadian durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L.) is produced in the semi-arid, Brown soil zone of southern Saskatchewan. The Durum Wheat Cooperative Test (DWCT) provides the means of evaluating potential new cultivars, and has been grown at Swift Current, located near the centre of the Brown soil zone in Saskatchewan, for more than 50 yr. Historical yield-related data from the DWCT were analyzed in conjunction with daily precipitation and maximum daily temperature (MaxDT) data with the objective of improving our understanding of the effects of these weather variables on durum wheat grown in this semi-arid region.The highest correlation between the weather variables and grain yield was during the period near the end of June through early July, approximately the time of anthesis. The correlation with kernel number m−2 (KNum) was maximum near the end of June, while the correlation with kernel weight was highest around the third week of July. The maximum effect of these weather factors in limiting yield in the Brown soil zone was through an impact on KNum around anthesis. Hectolitre weight and time-to-maturi-ty appeared to be influenced mainly by the weather in July, while crop height was determined by the weather near the end of June. An analysis which examined cumulative heat-units above threshold MaxDT of 20, 24, 28 and 32 °C indicated that temperatures >24 °C may be detrimental during early June although high temperatures are less common in June than in July. Yield was also negatively impacted by temperatures >20 °C during the first 3 wk of July.Future yield gains in this semi-arid region may be dependent upon the development of cultivars which are more tolerant of drought and high-temperature stress at anthesis. Key words: Triticum turgidum, kernel number, kernel weight, height, maturity, hectolitre weight

Mapping and validation of a major QTL for yellow pigment content on 7AL in durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. ssp. durum)

2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 485-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravindra M. Patil ◽  
Manoj D. Oak ◽  
Shubhada A. Tamhankar ◽  
Pierre Sourdille ◽  
Veliventi S. Rao
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Yellow Pigment ◽  
Pigment Content ◽  
Yellow Pigment Content ◽  
Major Qtl

Physiology of genetic improvements in yield and grain protein of Canadian Western Amber Durum wheat

2009 ◽  
Vol 89 (3) ◽  
pp. 497-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Wang ◽  
J. M. Clarke ◽  
T. N. McCaig ◽  
R. M. DePauw
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Nitrogen Uptake ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Grain Protein ◽  
Reduced Height ◽  
Large Spike

Two relatively new Canada Western Amber Durum (CWAD) (Triticum turgidum L. var durum) cultivars used different strategies to increase yield and maintain high grain protein relative to older cultivars. AC Navigator (semi-dwarf) increased kernel weight and spikes per plant. AC Avonlea (conventional height) reduced height and increased spike size. AC Avonlea remobilized more nitrogen (N) to the grain than AC Navigator, which could be attributed to its large spike sink.Key words: Triticum turgidum, yield, protein, spike size, nitrogen uptake and remobilization

Awnedness affects grain yield and kernel weight in near-isogenic lines of durum wheat

2002 ◽  
Vol 53 (12) ◽  
pp. 1285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosella Motzo ◽  
Francesco Giunta
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Photosynthetic Capacity ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Canopy Temperature ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Severe Drought

The importance of awns in durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum) has to be evaluated whenever an increase in grain yield is expected due to a greater photosynthetic capacity of the awned ear. Awned and awnless isolines of durum wheat were compared in a 3-year field trial in Sardinia (Italy). Ear and flag-leaf size, radiation interception, canopy temperature, yield, and yield components were measured.Awns increased the ear surface area from 36 to 59%, depending on their length, which ranged from 5.5 to 13.8 cm. This resulted in an average 4% more radiation intercepted by the awned ears. Canopy temperature was 0.9�C lower, on average, in the awned isolines, and was negatively correlated with kernel weight (r = –0.85**, n = 10), although consistent and marked effects of awns on canopy temperature were only observed in the long-awned lines. Awns positively affected grain yield, with an average increase of 10 and 16%, respectively, in the 2 years in which they affected kernel weight. The irrelevant effect of awns on yield in the year characterised by a severe drought was a consequence of their early desiccation.The effects of awns on grain yield and kernel weight strongly depend on the genetic background, on awn length and functionality, and on the environmental conditions during grain filling.

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