Physiology of genetic improvements in yield and grain protein of Canadian Western Amber Durum wheat

2009 ◽  
Vol 89 (3) ◽  
pp. 497-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Wang ◽  
J. M. Clarke ◽  
T. N. McCaig ◽  
R. M. DePauw
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Nitrogen Uptake ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Grain Protein ◽  
Reduced Height ◽  
Large Spike

Two relatively new Canada Western Amber Durum (CWAD) (Triticum turgidum L. var durum) cultivars used different strategies to increase yield and maintain high grain protein relative to older cultivars. AC Navigator (semi-dwarf) increased kernel weight and spikes per plant. AC Avonlea (conventional height) reduced height and increased spike size. AC Avonlea remobilized more nitrogen (N) to the grain than AC Navigator, which could be attributed to its large spike sink.Key words: Triticum turgidum, yield, protein, spike size, nitrogen uptake and remobilization

Breeding durum wheat in western Canada: Historical trends in yield and related variables

1995 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. N. McCaig ◽  
J. M. Clarke
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Kernel Number ◽  
Historical Trends ◽  
Days To Maturity ◽  
Sink Demand ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Selection Of

Canadian durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L.) production is centred in the Brown and Dark Brown soil zones, areas of limited rainfall. For more than 50 yr, lines have been evaluated in the multi-location Durum Cooperative Test. Data from this test, over the period 1947–1992, were analyzed with the objectives of determining the advances that have been made within the Canada Western Amber Durum (CWAD) wheat class and comparing yield-related variables of recently registered cultivars with those of earlier cultivars. Canadian-developed cultivars have increased yields about 0.81% yr−1 relative to Hercules, or approximately 22.6 kg ha−1 yr−1. As kernel weight has remained unchanged, the genetic yield increases have resulted entirely from an increase in the number of kernels produced. Because kernel number is determined prior to, and during, anthesis, further yield increases may depend upon selection of genotypes that produce higher numbers of kernels, thereby increasing sink demand. While plant height and hectolitre weight have been decreasing over time, neither variable was significantly (P < 0.05) correlated with the yield increases that have taken place over the 29-yr period. The selection pressure toward shorter cultivars may have involved other agronomic advantages, such as decreased lodging. Days to maturity did not change significantly over time and was not correlated with yield. Key words:Triticum turgidum, kernel number, kernel weight, height, hectolitre weight

Temperature and precipitation effects on durum wheat grown in southern Saskatchewan for fifty years

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. N. McCaig
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Maximum Effect ◽  
Weather Variables ◽  
Kernel Number ◽  
Weather Factors ◽  
Brown Soil ◽  
Soil Zone ◽  
Semi Arid

Approximately 60% of Canadian durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L.) is produced in the semi-arid, Brown soil zone of southern Saskatchewan. The Durum Wheat Cooperative Test (DWCT) provides the means of evaluating potential new cultivars, and has been grown at Swift Current, located near the centre of the Brown soil zone in Saskatchewan, for more than 50 yr. Historical yield-related data from the DWCT were analyzed in conjunction with daily precipitation and maximum daily temperature (MaxDT) data with the objective of improving our understanding of the effects of these weather variables on durum wheat grown in this semi-arid region.The highest correlation between the weather variables and grain yield was during the period near the end of June through early July, approximately the time of anthesis. The correlation with kernel number m−2 (KNum) was maximum near the end of June, while the correlation with kernel weight was highest around the third week of July. The maximum effect of these weather factors in limiting yield in the Brown soil zone was through an impact on KNum around anthesis. Hectolitre weight and time-to-maturi-ty appeared to be influenced mainly by the weather in July, while crop height was determined by the weather near the end of June. An analysis which examined cumulative heat-units above threshold MaxDT of 20, 24, 28 and 32 °C indicated that temperatures >24 °C may be detrimental during early June although high temperatures are less common in June than in July. Yield was also negatively impacted by temperatures >20 °C during the first 3 wk of July.Future yield gains in this semi-arid region may be dependent upon the development of cultivars which are more tolerant of drought and high-temperature stress at anthesis. Key words: Triticum turgidum, kernel number, kernel weight, height, maturity, hectolitre weight

Protein concentration inheritance and selection in durum wheat

2009 ◽  
Vol 89 (4) ◽  
pp. 601-612 ◽  
Author(s):  
F R Clarke ◽  
J M Clarke ◽  
C J Pozniak ◽  
R E Knox ◽  
T N McCaig
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Selection Response ◽  
Grain Protein ◽  
Early Generation ◽  
Grain Protein Concentration ◽  
Additional Protein ◽  
Marginal Improvement

Grain protein concentration is important in the determination of the value of durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum) for pasta manufacture. This study was undertaken to investigate the heritability and inheritance of protein concentration in seven genetically diverse durum populations, and to determine if the precision of this information could be improved by adjustment for micro-environmental trends. Grain protein and grain yield were measured at multiple locations and years. The Papadakis method was used to adjust for environmental trends in these replicated trials, and the moving mean was used for confimation in a sample of 19 un-replicated breeding trials. Environmental trends were substantial, and trend adjustment improved both correlations among locations and precision. Consequently, trend adjustment may be useful for genetic studies to improve trial precision, but would be of questionable merit in early-generation breeding trials due to the cost of additional protein measurements and marginal improvement in selection response. Grain yield was negatively correlated with grain protein concentration in all trials. Protein concentration was moderately heritable and complexly inherited in these populations, with the number of estimated effective factors ranging from 5 to 17 for the majority of trials. The complexity of inheritance and interactions of protein with yield and environment makes early-generation selection for protein difficult.Key words: Grain protein concentration, heritability, inheritance, semi-dwarf

Awnedness affects grain yield and kernel weight in near-isogenic lines of durum wheat

2002 ◽  
Vol 53 (12) ◽  
pp. 1285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosella Motzo ◽  
Francesco Giunta
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Photosynthetic Capacity ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Canopy Temperature ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Severe Drought

The importance of awns in durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum) has to be evaluated whenever an increase in grain yield is expected due to a greater photosynthetic capacity of the awned ear. Awned and awnless isolines of durum wheat were compared in a 3-year field trial in Sardinia (Italy). Ear and flag-leaf size, radiation interception, canopy temperature, yield, and yield components were measured.Awns increased the ear surface area from 36 to 59%, depending on their length, which ranged from 5.5 to 13.8 cm. This resulted in an average 4% more radiation intercepted by the awned ears. Canopy temperature was 0.9�C lower, on average, in the awned isolines, and was negatively correlated with kernel weight (r = –0.85**, n = 10), although consistent and marked effects of awns on canopy temperature were only observed in the long-awned lines. Awns positively affected grain yield, with an average increase of 10 and 16%, respectively, in the 2 years in which they affected kernel weight. The irrelevant effect of awns on yield in the year characterised by a severe drought was a consequence of their early desiccation.The effects of awns on grain yield and kernel weight strongly depend on the genetic background, on awn length and functionality, and on the environmental conditions during grain filling.

Inheritance of yellow pigment concentration in seven durum wheat crosses

2006 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. R. Clarke ◽  
J. M. Clarke ◽  
T. N. McCaig ◽  
R. E. Knox ◽  
R. M. DePauw
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Environmental Effects ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Yellow Pigment ◽  
Pigment Concentration ◽  
Quality Characteristic ◽  
Effective Factors ◽  
Selection Strategies ◽  
Age Related

Yellow pigment concentration of the endosperm due to the presence of xanthophyll and other related compounds is an important processing quality characteristic in durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum). There is also interest in plant pigments for health reasons because lutein, a major component of durum grain pigment, may play a role in prevention of age-related macular degen eration. Selection for pigment concentration of durum wheat is thus an important breeding objective. Clarification of environmental effects and the mode of inheritance would aid planning of crosses and selection strategies to improve pigment concentration. This study evaluated seven durum wheat crosses of high by low pigment concentration parents in five field trials grown at two or more locations for 2 or more years in western Canada. Pigment concentration varied with environment. A portion of the variability could be ascribed to environmental effects on kernel weight, which tended to be negatively correlated with pigment concentration in some crosses and years (r = 0.08 to -0.49), but was not consistent. Inheritance of pigment concentration was multigenic as evidenced by bi-directional transgressive segregation and estimates of the number of effective factors controlling the trait. The number of effective factors varied with cross and environment, ranging from 3 to 27. Heritability of pigment concentration was high when measured in replicated, multi-location, multiyear trials, and ranged from 0.88 to 0.95, but lower (0.34) in an unreplicated segregating cross. The complex inheritance of pigment concentration means that other genetic tools, such as DNA markers, will be required to improve choice of parents for crossing and selection strategies in breeding programs. Key words: Durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum), pigment concentration, inheritance, environment

Evaluation of a High Grain Protein QTL from Triticum turgidum L. var. dicoccoides in an Adapted Durum Wheat Background

Crop Science ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 295-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.W. Chee ◽  
E.M. Elias ◽  
J.A. Anderson ◽  
S.F. Kianian
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Grain Protein

RESPONSE OF DURUM WHEAT CULTIVARS TO WATER STRESS IN THE FIELD AND GREENHOUSE

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 801-814 ◽  
Author(s):  
GETINET GEBEYEHOU ◽  
D. R. KNOTT
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Drought Resistance ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Greenhouse Experiment ◽  
Water Regimes ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
The Difference

Experiments were conducted in the field and in the greenhouse to measure differences in drought resistance among durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L.) cultivars. Nine cultivars were tested in 1976 and 12 in 1977 in duplicate tests grown adjacent to each other under rainfed and irrigated conditions in the field. The drought resistance of the cultivars was measured as the difference in their performance under the two water regimes. For yield, there was no significant interaction between the cultivars and the water regimes in either year. Thus, the cultivars did not appear to differ significantly in drought resistance. They did differ significantly in the effect of water stress on the yield components. However, the performance of the cultivars was not consistent either for the yield components or between years. In one greenhouse experiment, six cultivars were grown in large containers. One set of plants was watered at regular intervals while a second set was watered only until 5 days after anthesis in the main spikes. Water stress caused major, correlated reductions in grain yield, 1000-kernel weight, and length of the growing period. However, the differences among the cultivars largely depended on their vegetative growth under nonstress, those with the most growth showing the largest reduction from stress. In a second greenhouse experiment, the 12 cultivars were grown in 15-cm pots at three moisture levels. For yield, there was no interaction between cultivars and moisture levels. Overall, the data provided little evidence of consistent differences among cultivars in resistance to moisture stress.Key words: Drought resistance, components of yield, yield, durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L.).

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