Effects of four consecutive annual applications of elemental S and sulphate-S fertilizers on yield, S uptake and seed quality of wheat

A field experiment from 1999 to 2002 was carried out near Tisdale in northeastern Saskatchewan on a S-deficient Gray Luvisol (Typic Cryoboralf) soil to compare the effects of elemental S and sulphate-S fertilizers on yield, seed protein, total S concentration, S uptake, and recovery of applied S in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and residual SO4-S in soil. Treatments were combinations of 10 and 20 kg S ha-1 rates applied in autumn and spring for two granular bentonitic elemental S fertilizers (ES- 90 and ES-95), one fertilizer containing both elemental S and sulphate-S (Agrium Plus), and ammonium sulphate, plus a zero-S control. The S fertilizers were surface-broadcast and all plots had a preseeding rotovation in spring to incorporate fertilizers into the soil. Seed (1 yr) and straw (3 yr) yield, seed protein concentration (1 yr), and total S concentration and S uptake in seed and straw (all years except uptake of S in seed in 2001 and 2002) showed significant response to S fertilization. Ammonium sulphate and Agrium Plus were generally more effective compared with the elemental S fertilizers, when there was a significant response to sulphate-S containing fertilizers. Autumn application of elemental S fertilizers was sometimes more effective than spring application, while an opposite trend was observed for sulphate-S containing fertilizers in some cases. The increase in S rate from 10 to 20 kg S ha-1 tended to increase the measured wheat parameters in many elemental S treatments, but for sulphate-S fertilizers the effect was less pronounced. The concentration of total S in seed and straw was relatively more responsive to S fertilization than yield and S uptake, particularly for seed. The effect of S fertilization on wheat was less pronounced in drought years, particularly on seed yield, suggesting that drought rather than S availability was limiting wheat growth. There was some build-up of residual SO4-S in the 0-60 cm depth of soil in many S fertilizer treatments after four successive applications, but there was little or no difference in soil SO4-S between elemental S and sulphate-S fertilizers. In conclusion, the results from four successive annual applications of elemental S and sulphate-S fertilizers in autumn and spring on the same area indicate that bentonitic granular elemental S fertilizers had comparatively less influence on wheat than granular sulphate-S fertilizers and further research to improve the effectiveness of these elemental S fertilizers is suggested. Key words: Elemental S, fertilizer, protein, seed quality, sulphate-S, wheat, yield

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Influence of six successive annual applications of sulphur fertilizers on wheat in a wheat–canola rotation on a sulphur deficient soil

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps08217 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 89 (4) ◽

pp. 629-644 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

S S Malhi ◽

J J Schoenau ◽

C L Vera

Keyword(s):

Ammonium Sulphate ◽

Seed Yield ◽

Protein Concentration ◽

Seed Protein ◽

Wheat Yield ◽

Residual Effects ◽

Straw Yield ◽

S Uptake ◽

Seed Protein Concentration ◽

S Fertilizers

A 9-yr (1999–2007) field experiment was conducted on a S-deficient Gray Luvisol (Typic Cryoboralf) loam soil at Porcupine Plain in northeastern Saskatchewan. The objective was to compare the influence of six successive annual applications (1999–2004) and the following residual effects for 3 yr (2005–2007) of elemental S and sulphate-S fertilizers on yield, seed protein and total S concentration, and S uptake of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in a wheat–canola rotation. Treatments used were combinations of two application times (preceding autumn and before seeding in spring) with two granular elemental S fertilizers (ES-90 and ES-95), one fertilizer containing both elemental S and sulphate-S (Agrium Plus), ammonium sulphate, and a zero-S control. The S fertilizers were applied annually at a rate of 15 kg S ha–1. From 1999 to 2004, seed yield (3 yr) and straw yield (4 yr), seed protein concentration (3 yr), total S concentration in seed (4 yr), and S uptake in seed (5 yr) and straw (5 yr) of wheat showed significant response to S fertilization. In the first year (1999), ammonium sulphate and Agrium Plus were more effective than ES-90 and ES-95. In the following years (2000–2004), there was no significant effect of S source on seed and straw yield. Sulphate-S containing fertilizers produced greater total S concentration in seed and S uptake in straw (3 yr) and for S uptake in seed (1 yr). There was no effect of timing of S application on seed yield and protein concentration in any year, but autumn application was superior to spring application for straw yield and S uptake (1 yr), and for seed total S concentration and S uptake (2 yr). Residual effects of six previous S applications showed improvement in wheat seed yield until 2006, and straw yield and total S uptake until 2007. Elemental S, especially when applied in autumn, tended to have more lasting residual effects than the other S fertilizer treatments. There was some build-up of residual sulphate-S in soil in almost all S fertilizer treatments after four successive applications, but this was generally higher with sulphate-S-containing fertilizers. Recovery of applied S from 1999 to 2004 in plants was usually higher with sulphate-S fertilizer than with elemental S fertilizer in most years. Recovery of applied S in soil was higher for sulphate-S fertilizers, followed by ES-90, and finally ES-95. Residual nitrate-N in soil was significantly lower in spring-applied ammonium sulphate treatment than the zero-S or other S treatments. Key words: Elemental S, fertilizer, protein concentration, S uptake, sulphate-S, wheat, yield

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Influence of four successive annual applications of elemental S and sulphate-S fertilizers on yield, S uptake and seed quality of canola

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/p04-133 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 85 (4) ◽

pp. 777-792 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

S. S. Malhi

Keyword(s):

Ammonium Sulphate ◽

Seed Yield ◽

Best Management Practices ◽

Protein Concentration ◽

Management Practices ◽

Seed Quality ◽

Straw Yield ◽

Plant Soil ◽

S Uptake ◽

S Fertilizers

The effectiveness of elemental S fertilizers in increasing crop yield in S-deficient soils depends on the rate at which S is oxidized to sulphate in soil for plant uptake. A 4-yr field experiment (1999 to 2002) was conducted with canola (Brassica napus L. or Brassica rapa L.) on a S-deficient loamy sand Gray Luvisol soil near Tisdale in northeastern Saskatchewan to determine the effectiveness of elemental S and sulphate-S fertilizers applied annually at different times and S rates on seed and straw yield, oil and protein concentration in seed, concentration and uptake of S in seed and straw, amount of residual sulphate-S in soil, and recovery of applied S in plant, soil and plant + soil. The S fertilizer treatments included granular types of two bentonite -elemental S fertilizers (ES-90 and ES-95), one sulphate-S (ammonium sulphate), one containing elemental S and sulphate-S (Agrium Plus), and a zero-S control. The S fertilizers were surface-broadcast at 10 or 20 kg S ha-1 rates in the previous autumn or in spring, and incorporated into the soil a few days prior to seeding in May. Canola plants in the zero-S control showed S deficiency in the growing season. Seed yield, straw yield, oil concentration in seed, and S concentration and uptake in seed and straw increased with the sulphate-S fertilizer in all years. There was no significant increase in seed yield from the elemental S fertilizers in 1999, though autumn application tended to give slightly greater seed yield than the spring application. Elemental S fertilizers usually increased seed yield and S uptake significantly over the zero-S control, but yield and S uptake were less than the sulphate-S fertilizer in most cases in 2000, in many cases in 2001 and in some cases in 2002, especially when the S fertilizers were applied in spring. Autumn-applied elemental S usually had greater seed yield and S uptake than the spring-applied elemental S in 2000, 2001 and 2002. On the other hand, autumn-applied ammonium sulphate produced or tended to produce lower seed yield and S uptake than spring-applied ammonium sulphate in some cases. There was little effect of S fertilizer application on protein concentration in seed. In summary, the results indicated that elemental S fertilizers were not effective in increasing canola yield and S uptake on the S-deficient soil in the first year of application. The elemental S fertilizers became effective in the second to fourth year, but seed yield and S uptake were still less than those obtained with sulphate-S fertilizer, particularly when the S fertilizers were applied in spring. The findings suggest the need for research on best management practices to improve effectiveness of elemental S fertilizers. Key words: Canola, elemental and sulphate S fertilizers, oil and protein concentration, seed yield, sulphur uptake

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Genomic regions associated with important seed quality traits in food-grade soybeans

BMC Plant Biology ◽

10.1186/s12870-020-02681-0 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Rachel M. Whiting ◽

Sepideh Torabi ◽

Lewis Lukens ◽

Milad Eskandari

Keyword(s):

Seed Weight ◽

Seed Protein ◽

Seed Quality ◽

Sucrose Concentration ◽

Value Added ◽

Food Products ◽

High Protein ◽

Food Grade ◽

Soybean Cultivars ◽

Seed Protein Concentration

Abstract Background The production of soy-based food products requires specific physical and chemical characteristics of the soybean seed. Identification of quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with value-added traits, such as seed weight, seed protein and sucrose concentration, could accelerate the development of competitive high-protein soybean cultivars for the food-grade market through marker-assisted selection (MAS). The objectives of this study were to identify and validate QTL associated with these value-added traits in two high-protein recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations. Results The RIL populations were derived from the high-protein cultivar ‘AC X790P’ (49% protein, dry weight basis), and two high-yielding commercial cultivars, ‘S18-R6’ (41% protein) and ‘S23-T5’ (42% protein). Fourteen large-effect QTL (R2 > 10%) were identified associated with seed protein concentration. Of these QTL, seven QTL were detected in both populations, and eight of them were co-localized with QTL associated with either seed sucrose concentration or seed weight. None of the protein-related QTL was found to be associated with seed yield in either population. Sixteen candidate genes with putative roles in protein metabolism were identified within seven of these protein-related regions: qPro_Gm02–3, qPro_Gm04–4, qPro_Gm06–1, qPro_Gm06–3, qPro_Gm06–6, qPro_Gm13–4 and qPro-Gm15–3. Conclusion The use of RIL populations derived from high-protein parents created an opportunity to identify four novel QTL that may have been masked by large-effect QTL segregating in populations developed from diverse parental cultivars. In total, we have identified nine protein QTL that were detected either in both populations in the current study or reported in other studies. These QTL may be useful in the curated selection of new soybean cultivars for optimized soy-based food products.

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Genomic Regions Associated with Important Seed Quality Traits in Food-grade Soybeans

10.21203/rs.3.rs-36597/v3 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Rachel M. Whiting ◽

Sepideh Torabi ◽

Lewis Lukens ◽

Mehrzad Eskandari

Keyword(s):

Seed Weight ◽

Seed Protein ◽

Seed Quality ◽

Sucrose Concentration ◽

Value Added ◽

Food Products ◽

High Protein ◽

Food Grade ◽

Soybean Cultivars ◽

Seed Protein Concentration

Abstract Background: The production of soy-based food products requires specific physical and chemical characteristics of the soybean seed. Identification of quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with value-added traits, such as seed weight, seed protein and sucrose concentration, could accelerate the development of competitive high-protein soybean cultivars for the food-grade market through marker-assisted selection (MAS). The objectives of this study were to identify and validate QTL associated with these value-added traits in two high-protein recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations. Results: The RIL populations were derived from the high-protein cultivar ‘AC X790P’ (49% protein, dry weight basis), and two high-yielding commercial cultivars, ‘S18-R6’ (41% protein) and ‘S23-T5’ (42% protein). Fourteen large-effect QTL (R2 >10%) were identified associated with seed protein concentration. Of these QTL, seven QTL were detected in both populations, and eight of them were co-localized with QTL associated with either seed sucrose concentration or seed weight. None of the protein-related QTL was found to be associated with seed yield in either population. Sixteen candidate genes with putative roles in protein metabolism were identified within seven of these protein-related regions: qPro_Gm02-3, qPro_Gm04-4, qPro_Gm06-1, qPro_Gm06-3, qPro_Gm06-6, qPro_Gm13-4 and qPro-Gm15-3.Conclusion: The use of RIL populations derived from high-protein parents created an opportunity to identify four novel QTL that may have been masked by large-effect QTL segregating in populations developed from diverse parental cultivars. In total, we have identified nine protein QTL that were detected either in both populations in the current study or reported in other studies. These QTL may be useful in the curated selection of new soybean cultivars for optimized soy-based food products.

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Yield capacity and grain quality of productive Triticum aestivum L. mutants, induced by chemical mutagenic factors of the environment

Faktori eksperimental'noi evolucii organizmiv ◽

10.7124/feeo.v27.1315 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 27 ◽

pp. 132-138

Author(s):

V. V. Morhun ◽

R. A. Yakymchuk

Keyword(s):

Triticum Aestivum ◽

Grain Quality ◽

Wheat Yield ◽

Triticum Aestivum L ◽

Initial Form ◽

Gluten Quality ◽

Yield Capacity ◽

Living Organisms

Aim. Taking into account the fact that the zones of local massive chemical soil contamination could have unique conditions of the effect of gene-toxic factors on living organisms, the purpose of the research was to study yield capacity and some parameters of grain quality of productive T. aestivum L. mutants, induced by chemical techno-genic mutagenic factors of the environment. Methods. The yield from each plot was determined based on three-year data. The determination of the total protein and gluten content and the studying of the indicators of grain firmness were carried out in M6 by the method of infra-red spectroscopy (NIR). Gluten quality was determined by sedimentation indicator SDS-30. Results. Samples were selected whose yield exceeded the initial form by 1.2–9.0%. In most of them by the content of protein and gluten in grain, the indicator of sedimentation and grain firmness corresponds to the level of an initial form or does not equal it considerably. Mutant sample No. 5561 of cultivar Albatros odeskyi, induced by the contamination with the discharges of Burshtyn ThPS, was found; its yield capacity was supplemented by a serious increase of grain quality indicators. Conclusions. Using the effect of chemical techno-genic mutagenic factors of the environment, it is possible to improve the indicators of wheat yield capacity and grain quality. The expansion of the genetic diversification of the initial breeding material due to a gene-toxic effect of xenobiotics creates perspectives for its use to implement breeding-genetic programs of the improvement of wheat cultivars. Keywords: Triticum aestivum L., mutagenic factors, productive mutants, yield capacity, grain quality.

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Evaluation of Wheat (Triticum aestivum, L.) Seed Quality of Certified Seed and Farm-Saved Seed in Three Provinces of Iran

Plant Breeding and Seed Science ◽

10.1515/plass-2016-0009 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 73 (1) ◽

pp. 99-115

Author(s):

Fardin Khazaei ◽

Majid AghaAlikhani ◽

Samad Mobasser ◽

Ali Mokhtassi-Bidgoli ◽

Hesam Asharin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Triticum Aestivum ◽

Certified Seed ◽

Seed Quality ◽

Germination Rate ◽

Triticum Aestivum L ◽

Weed Seed ◽

Quality Aspects ◽

Before And After ◽

Mother Plants

Abstract The objective of this study was to study the seed quality aspects of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and the extent of weed seed contamination present in wheat seeds produced in different regions of Iran. Four districts (cities), each including 12 fields (six certified seed fields and six farm-saved seed fields), were selected in each regions (provinces). One kilogram of the wheat seed sample was collected from each field for analysis in the laboratory. Wheat seeding was commonly done by farm-saved seed sourced from within the farm due to the high costs of certified seeds purchased from outside sources, followed by the low seed quality. The use of a farm-saved seed resulted in a higher germination rate and a lower mean time to germination compared with another system. The more positive temperatures experienced by mother plants could decrease the number of normal seedling and seedling length vigor index. Generally there was virtually no difference about physiological quality between certified seed and farm-saved seed sector that is related to lower quality of certified seed. The certified produced seeds had the lower number of weed seed, species and genus before and after cleaning. The highest seed purity and 1000 seed weight was obtained from the certified seed production system. The need for cleaning the farm-saved seed samples before sowing is one of the important findings of this survey.

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Genomic Regions Associated with Important Seed Quality Traits in Food-grade Soybeans

10.21203/rs.3.rs-36597/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Rachel M. Whiting ◽

Sepideh Torabi ◽

Lewis Lukens ◽

Mehrzad Eskandari

Keyword(s):

Seed Weight ◽

Seed Protein ◽

Seed Quality ◽

Sucrose Concentration ◽

Value Added ◽

Food Products ◽

High Protein ◽

Food Grade ◽

Soybean Cultivars ◽

Seed Protein Concentration

Abstract Background: The production of soy-based food products requires specific physical and chemical characteristics of the soybean seed. Identification of quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with value-added traits, such as seed weight, seed protein and sucrose concentration, could accelerate the development of competitive high-protein soybean cultivars for the food-grade market through marker-assisted selection (MAS). The objectives of this study were to identify and validate QTL associated with these value-added traits in two high-protein recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations.Results: The RIL populations were derived from the high-protein cultivar ‘AC X790P’ (49% protein, dry weight basis), and two high-yielding commercial cultivars, ‘S18-R6’ (41% protein) and ‘S23-T5’ (42% protein). Fourteen large-effect QTL (R 2 >10%) were identified associated with seed protein concentration. Of these QTL, seven QTL were detected in both populations, and eight of them were co-localized with QTL associated with either seed sucrose concentration or seed weight. None of the protein-related QTL was found to be associated with seed yield in either population. Sixteen candidate genes with putative roles in protein metabolism were identified within seven of these protein-related regions: qPro_Gm02-3, qPro_Gm04-4, qPro_Gm06-1, qPro_Gm06-3, qPro_Gm06-6, qPro_Gm13-4 and qPro-Gm15-3.Conclusion: The use of RIL populations derived from high-protein parents created an opportunity to identify four novel QTL that may have been masked by large-effect QTL segregating in populations developed from diverse parental cultivars. In total, we have identified nine protein QTL that were detected either in both populations in the current study or reported in other studies. These QTL may be useful in the curated selection of new soybean cultivars for optimized soy-based food products.

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Effect of UV-C radiation on basic indices of growth process of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seeds in pre-sowing treatment

Acta agriculturae Slovenica ◽

10.14720/aas.2020.116.1.1563 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 116 (1) ◽

pp. 49

Author(s):

Anatoly SEMENOV ◽

Irina KOROTKOVA ◽

Tamara SAKHNO ◽

Mykola MARENYCH ◽

Volodymyr НANHUR ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Triticum Aestivum ◽

Winter Wheat ◽

Irradiation Dose ◽

Seed Quality ◽

Triticum Aestivum L ◽

Maximum Effect ◽

Structural Elements ◽

Seed Vigour ◽

Uv C

An investigation of the effects of UV-C radiation from source having the power of 20 W on improvement of seed quality of Ukrainian winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) six cultivars: ‘Gratsіia Myronivska’, ‘Trudivnytsia Myronivska’, ‘Vezha Myronivska’, ‘Mudrist Odeska’, ‘Nyva Odeska’ and ‘Lira Odeska’, has been done. In the performed experiment the UV-C irradiation in the range of 50-1000 J m-2 was applied. Based on the experimental results it is concluded that irradiation of UV-C on wheat seeds stimulated the seed vigour and germination. It has been established the optimal irradiation dose of UV-C radiation - 250 J m-2 for ‘Trudіvnitsia Myronіvska’, ‘Mudrіst Odeska’, ‘Nyva Odeska’, ‘Lіra Odeska’ cultivars and 500 J m-2 for ‘Hratsіia Myronіvska’ and ‘Vezha Myronіvska’ cultivars, which leads to maximum effect. The highest biometric indices of seedling structural elements were obtained from the seeds of all wheat cultivars, for which the values of seed vigour and germination were also maximum ones, i.e. at the same irradiation dose.

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