Effect of straw amendment and plant growth on selenium transfer in a laboratory soil-plant system

1998 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 187-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Camps Arbestain
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Soil Solution ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Microbial Reduction ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Predominant Species ◽  
Key Words Barley ◽  
Straw Amendment ◽  
Environmental Compartments

Knowledge of the transfers of selenium (Se) in the soil-plant-atmosphere environmental compartments is fundamental in assessing Se cycling through the environment. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of straw amendments and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) on Se cycling in soils from Kesterson Reservoir, Merced County, CA (0.68 mg soluble Se kg−1, 6.15 mg total Se kg−1), and to evaluate the feasibility of these agricultural practices as bioremediation strategies. Four treatments were evaluated: soil only, soil + straw, soil + plant, and soil + straw + plant. Straw amendments greatly reduced Se from soil solution (92–97% of initial soluble Se). Selenate [Se(VI)] was the predominant species in soil solution. Phosphate-extractable Se did not account for the decline in soluble Se. Selenium volatilized by microbes represented only 4–5% of the soluble Se removed. Highest Se removal from soil solution and highest Se volatilization rates occurred when both microbial activity and growth were maximal. Selenate microbial reduction to more insoluble Se forms is indicated as being responsible for this removal. Plants did not account for as much Se removal from soil solution as did straw amendments. Total shoot Se corresponded to 1–9% of soluble Se removal. At the end of the experiment, Se in plants represented 0.1–0.7% of total Se in the system, and the Se volatilized accounted for 0.2 to 0.5% of total Se inventory. The results obtained in this study suggest the use of straw amendments as a remediation technique for managing Se contamination at Kesterson Reservoir. Key words: Barley, selenium, soil solution, straw, volatilization

AC Queens barley

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 335-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. M. Choo ◽  
S. ter Beek ◽  
R. A. Martin ◽  
K. M. Ho ◽  
C. D. Caldwell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Good Seed ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Lodging Resistance ◽  
Good Test ◽  
Key Words Barley ◽  
Cultivar Description

AC Queens is a two-row, spring feed barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivar developed by the Eastern Canada Barley Breeding Group, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada. It has high yield, good test weight, good seed weight, and lodging resistance. AC Queens performs well in the Maritime Region of Canada. Key words: Barley, Hordeum vulgare L., cultivar description, high yield, high seed weight

Kernel colour varies with cultivars and environments in barley

1998 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Edney ◽  
T. M. Choo ◽  
D. Kong ◽  
T. Ferguson ◽  
K. M. Ho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Net Blotch ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Key Words Barley

Kernel colour is an important marketing trait for both malting and feed barleys. Therefore a study was initiated to investigate the kernel colour of 75 Canadian barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivars at three locations (Charlottetown, Ottawa and Bentley) across Canada in 1991 and 1992. Kernel colour was measured by an Instrumar Colormet Spectrocolorimeter. Kernel colour was found to be brighter at the two locations in eastern Canada (Charlottetown and Ottawa) than at the location in western Canada (Bentley). Two-row cultivars on average were more discoloured than six-row cultivars; eastern two-row were more discoloured than western two-row. Covered barleys were less discoloured than hulless barleys in five of the six environments, but covered barleys at Bentley in 1992 were more discoloured than hulless barleys. Kernel discolouration appeared to be associated with susceptibility to net blotch for six-row cultivars. More studies are needed on kernel discolouration of barley. Key words: Barley, Hordeum vulgare, kernel colour

AC Alma barley

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 635-637 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. M. Choo ◽  
R. A. Martin ◽  
K. M. Ho ◽  
G. Atlin ◽  
R. Walton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Key Words ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Lodging Resistance ◽  
Barley Breeding ◽  
Breeding Group ◽  
Key Words Barley ◽  
Cultivar Description

AC Alma is a six-row, spring feed barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivar developed by the Eastern Canada Barley Breeding Group, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada. It has high yield and excellent lodging resistance. AC Alma performed well across Eastern Canada. Key words: Barley, Hordeum vulgare L., cultivar description, high yield, lodging resistance

scholarly journals Variation in shoot tolerance mechanisms not related to ion toxicity in barley

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (12) ◽  
pp. 1194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanne Tilbrook ◽  
Rhiannon K. Schilling ◽  
Bettina Berger ◽  
Alexandre F. Garcia ◽  
Christine Trittermann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Tolerance Mechanisms ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Ion Toxicity ◽  
High K ◽  
Barley Landraces ◽  
Toxic Concentrations

Soil salinity can severely reduce crop growth and yield. Many studies have investigated salinity tolerance mechanisms in cereals using phenotypes that are relatively easy to measure. The majority of these studies measured the accumulation of shoot Na+ and the effect this has on plant growth. However, plant growth is reduced immediately after exposure to NaCl before Na+ accumulates to toxic concentrations in the shoot. In this study, nondestructive and destructive measurements are used to evaluate the responses of 24 predominately Australian barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) lines at 0, 150 and 250 mM NaCl. Considerable variation for shoot tolerance mechanisms not related to ion toxicity (shoot ion-independent tolerance) was found, with some lines being able to maintain substantial growth rates under salt stress, whereas others stopped growing. Hordeum vulgare spp. spontaneum accessions and barley landraces predominantly had the best shoot ion independent tolerance, although two commercial cultivars, Fathom and Skiff, also had high tolerance. The tolerance of cv. Fathom may be caused by a recent introgression from H. vulgare L. spp. spontaneum. This study shows that the most salt-tolerant barley lines are those that contain both shoot ion-independent tolerance and the ability to exclude Na+ from the shoot (and thus maintain high K+ : Na+ ratios).

scholarly journals Effects of potassium fertilization on Radiocaesium transfer from sandy soil to barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 387-394
Author(s):  
SM Soliman ◽  
Ahmed A Moursy ◽  
HS Eissab
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Discrimination Factor ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Sand Soil ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Experimental Soil

Uptake and translocation of radiocesium artificially added to sand soil cultivated with barley as affected by different rates of potassium were traced in outdoor pot experiment. Experimental soil was contaminated with 0.01 and 0.1 mM 137Cs equal to (200 and 400 Bq/kg) in the form of CsCl and incubated for 14 days prior to 150 days plant growth period. The transfer factor (TF) average values from soil-to-total biomass were found to range from 0.40 up to 0.53 as affected by interaction between tested treatments. Increasing K rates from 125 to 250 kg/ha markedly reduced the mean averages of TFs of 137Cs from soil-to-roots by about 24 to 68%, respectively and from soil-to-total biomass by about 36 and 74%, respectively lower than corresponding control. In all cases, the discrimination factor was below unity, indicating that Cs is less efficiently absorbed from soil than its nutrient analogue K.

Variation in starch, protein, and fibre of Canadian barley cultivars

1995 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 865-870 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Kong ◽  
T. M. Choo ◽  
P. Narasimhalu ◽  
P. Jui ◽  
T. Ferguson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Cultivar Development ◽  
Key Words Barley ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre

Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is a major feed in the Maritime region of Canada, but information on the chemical composition of barley cultivars grown in the Maritimes is lacking. Therefore, a study was undertaken to determine if starch, protein, neutral-detergent fibre (NDF), and acid-detergent fibre (ADF) of barley vary from region to region in Canada and to determine if barley cultivars that originated from Eastern Canada exhibit different chemical composition than those that originated from Western Canada. The chemical composition of two-row and six-row, covered and hulless, and feed and malting cultivars were also compared. Seventy-five cultivars were tested in eight environments (i.e. Charlottetown, Ottawa, Brandon, and Bentley in 1991 and 1992). These cultivars were classified into eight classes in four comparisons: eastern vs. western, two-row vs. six-row, hulless vs. covered, and feed vs. malting. Charlottetown grains were relatively low in protein, high in starch, and intermediate in NDF and ADF in comparison with grains produced at the other three locations. This suggests that more research in cultivar development and crop management is needed to increase the protein concentration of barley in the Maritimes. On average, two-row cultivars contained more starch and less fibre than six-row cultivars. Eastern two-row cultivars contained more protein than western two-row cultivars. As expected, hulless barleys contained more starch and protein, but less fibre than covered barleys. Canadian barley cultivars exhibited considerable variation in chemical composition. The cultivar x environment interaction was much smaller than the cultivar effect. Therefore, it is important to identify barley cultivars with high nutritional quality for use in commercial production. Key words: Barley, Hordeum vulgare L., cultivars, starch, protein, fibre

scholarly journals Yield and Yield Components of Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) in Relation to Sowing Times

1970 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 139-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
MZ Alam ◽  
SA Haider ◽  
NK Paul
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Key Words Barley ◽  
Yield And Yield Components

A field experiment was carried out to study the influence of sowing times on yield and yield components of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Seeds of four barley cultivars (BB 1, Karan 19, Karan 163 and Karan 351) were sown with four sowing times (5 November, 17 November, 29 November and 11 December). Most of the yield and yield components were significantly highest in 17 November sowing. Among the cultivars most of the characters showed their highest values in BB 1 and the lowest in Karan 19. Harvest index was found highest in Karan 351 and lowest in BB 1. Key words: Barley, Sowing time, Yield.   doi: 10.3329/jbs.v15i0.2154   J. bio-sci. 15: 139-145, 2007

Genetic variation and adaptation of 76 Canadian barley cultivars

1994 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 737-744 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Kong ◽  
T. M. Choo ◽  
P. Narasimhalu ◽  
P. Jui ◽  
T. Ferguson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Test Weight ◽  
Lower Yield ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Key Words Barley ◽  
Yield Test

A study was initiated in 1990 to determine the genetic variation and adaptation of all registered Canadian barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivars. Seventy-six cultivars were tested at four locations across Canada (Charlottetown, Ottawa, Brandon, and Bentley) in 1991 and 1992. These cultivars were grouped into 10 classes and classes were compared in five categories: eastern vs. western, doubled-haploid (DH) vs. conventional, feed vs. malting, two-row vs. six-row, and hulless vs. covered. These 76 cultivars showed remarkable variation in yield, test weight, kernel weight, plant height, and maturity and responded differently to the environments. Among them, Albany and Chapais had the highest yield and they also yielded well in both Eastern and Western Canada. Thus, some barley cultivars were widely adapted across the whole country. Two-row cultivars had higher test weight and higher kernel weight than six-row and appeared to be more stable in yield over the environments. Eastern two-row cultivars were superior in yield, test weight, and kernel weight than western two-row. Eastern two-row, in general, performed well across Canada. Several western six-row cultivars performed well in both Western and Eastern Canada. Therefore, greater exchanges of breeding materials between the two regions are recommended in order to fully exploit the genetic potentials of new cultivars. DH cultivars yielded as well as conventional cultivars and responded similarly to the environments. This substantiates that complete homozygosity and homogeneity have very little effect on the performance of DH cultivars. Among the western two-row, feed cultivars yielded either higher than or the same as malting cultivars in the eight environments. Hulless cultivars had lower yield, higher test weight and lower kernel weight than covered cultivars. Key words: Barley, Hordeum vulgare, cultivar, yield, adaptation

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