scholarly journals Variation in shoot tolerance mechanisms not related to ion toxicity in barley

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (12) ◽  
pp. 1194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanne Tilbrook ◽  
Rhiannon K. Schilling ◽  
Bettina Berger ◽  
Alexandre F. Garcia ◽  
Christine Trittermann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Tolerance Mechanisms ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Ion Toxicity ◽  
High K ◽  
Barley Landraces ◽  
Toxic Concentrations

Soil salinity can severely reduce crop growth and yield. Many studies have investigated salinity tolerance mechanisms in cereals using phenotypes that are relatively easy to measure. The majority of these studies measured the accumulation of shoot Na+ and the effect this has on plant growth. However, plant growth is reduced immediately after exposure to NaCl before Na+ accumulates to toxic concentrations in the shoot. In this study, nondestructive and destructive measurements are used to evaluate the responses of 24 predominately Australian barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) lines at 0, 150 and 250 mM NaCl. Considerable variation for shoot tolerance mechanisms not related to ion toxicity (shoot ion-independent tolerance) was found, with some lines being able to maintain substantial growth rates under salt stress, whereas others stopped growing. Hordeum vulgare spp. spontaneum accessions and barley landraces predominantly had the best shoot ion independent tolerance, although two commercial cultivars, Fathom and Skiff, also had high tolerance. The tolerance of cv. Fathom may be caused by a recent introgression from H. vulgare L. spp. spontaneum. This study shows that the most salt-tolerant barley lines are those that contain both shoot ion-independent tolerance and the ability to exclude Na+ from the shoot (and thus maintain high K+ : Na+ ratios).

THE EFFECT OF A SEAWEED EXTRACT CONTAINING CYTOKININ ON THE GROWTH AND YIELD OF BARLEY

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 1163-1167 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. TAYLOR ◽  
K. N. HARKER ◽  
J. M. ROBERTSON ◽  
K. R. FOSTER
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth Regulator ◽  
Plant Growth Regulator ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Seaweed Extract ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Seaweed Extracts

A cytokinin-containing seaweed extract, Nitrozyme™ (Nitrozyme1), was tested under field conditions over 4 yr for its effects on the growth and yield of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). In 1986 and 1987, Nitrozyme did not increase yield and had no beneficial effects on growth of Harrington and Bonanza barley. In 1988 and 1989, the effects of Nitrozyme on barley (cv. Leduc) were compared against those of kinetin, a synthetic cytokinin. Neither Nitrozyme nor kinetin had an effect on growth or yield.Key words: Nitrozyme, seaweed extracts, cytokinins, kinetin, plant growth regulator, Hordeum vulgare L.

Impact of salt-induced toxicity on growth and yield-potential of local wheat cultivars: oxidative stress and ion toxicity are among the major determinants of salt-tolerant capacity

Chemosphere ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 187 ◽  
pp. 385-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Nurealam Siddiqui ◽  
Mohammad Golam Mostofa ◽  
Mst. Mahmuda Akter ◽  
Ashish Kumar Srivastava ◽  
Md. Abu Sayed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Ion Toxicity

scholarly journals Agronomic Evaluation and Yield Performance of Selected Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Landraces from Jordan

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Al-Sayaydeh ◽  
A. Al-Bawalize ◽  
Z. Al-Ajlouni ◽  
M. W. Akash ◽  
J. Abu-Elenein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Yield Performance ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Local Cultivar ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
Associated Conditions ◽  
Barley Landraces ◽  
Main Production ◽  
Production Areas

Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) landraces collected previously from main production areas across Jordan are expected to perform well under stressful environments. In this study, the agronomic performance of 10 Jordanian barley landraces and three local cultivars was evaluated in two locations for two growing seasons. Clear significant variations for all studied traits were observed among the selected genotypes, environments, and their interactions. The local cultivar Rum and Baladi landrace showed the best yield performance, while Herawi and Nabawi landraces produced the lowest yield across all environments. Clustering analysis using genotypic data from the iSelect 9k SNP barley array showed a clear grouping based on row type with 100% similarity level between the Syfi and Arabi landraces. The characterized Jordanian landraces can be used to improve barley resilience against climate change and associated conditions and are recommended in breeding programs to improve productivity under dry conditions.

scholarly journals Effects of potassium fertilization on Radiocaesium transfer from sandy soil to barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 387-394
Author(s):  
SM Soliman ◽  
Ahmed A Moursy ◽  
HS Eissab
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Discrimination Factor ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Sand Soil ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Experimental Soil

Uptake and translocation of radiocesium artificially added to sand soil cultivated with barley as affected by different rates of potassium were traced in outdoor pot experiment. Experimental soil was contaminated with 0.01 and 0.1 mM 137Cs equal to (200 and 400 Bq/kg) in the form of CsCl and incubated for 14 days prior to 150 days plant growth period. The transfer factor (TF) average values from soil-to-total biomass were found to range from 0.40 up to 0.53 as affected by interaction between tested treatments. Increasing K rates from 125 to 250 kg/ha markedly reduced the mean averages of TFs of 137Cs from soil-to-roots by about 24 to 68%, respectively and from soil-to-total biomass by about 36 and 74%, respectively lower than corresponding control. In all cases, the discrimination factor was below unity, indicating that Cs is less efficiently absorbed from soil than its nutrient analogue K.

Effect of straw amendment and plant growth on selenium transfer in a laboratory soil-plant system

1998 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 187-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Camps Arbestain
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Soil Solution ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Microbial Reduction ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Predominant Species ◽  
Key Words Barley ◽  
Straw Amendment ◽  
Environmental Compartments

Knowledge of the transfers of selenium (Se) in the soil-plant-atmosphere environmental compartments is fundamental in assessing Se cycling through the environment. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of straw amendments and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) on Se cycling in soils from Kesterson Reservoir, Merced County, CA (0.68 mg soluble Se kg−1, 6.15 mg total Se kg−1), and to evaluate the feasibility of these agricultural practices as bioremediation strategies. Four treatments were evaluated: soil only, soil + straw, soil + plant, and soil + straw + plant. Straw amendments greatly reduced Se from soil solution (92–97% of initial soluble Se). Selenate [Se(VI)] was the predominant species in soil solution. Phosphate-extractable Se did not account for the decline in soluble Se. Selenium volatilized by microbes represented only 4–5% of the soluble Se removed. Highest Se removal from soil solution and highest Se volatilization rates occurred when both microbial activity and growth were maximal. Selenate microbial reduction to more insoluble Se forms is indicated as being responsible for this removal. Plants did not account for as much Se removal from soil solution as did straw amendments. Total shoot Se corresponded to 1–9% of soluble Se removal. At the end of the experiment, Se in plants represented 0.1–0.7% of total Se in the system, and the Se volatilized accounted for 0.2 to 0.5% of total Se inventory. The results obtained in this study suggest the use of straw amendments as a remediation technique for managing Se contamination at Kesterson Reservoir. Key words: Barley, selenium, soil solution, straw, volatilization

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