Evaluation of effectiveness various seed processing combination technique to produce True Shallot Seed (TSS) with good quality

The seed processing technique is essential to maintain quality and suppress seed deterioration rate as long as processing time. This research aims to evaluate various seed processing combination techniques to produce TSS with good quality. The study was conducted at Indonesian Vegetables Research Institute, Lembang (1,250 m sal) from March until December 2018. The research used a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. The treatment consisted of 12 combinations of seed processing, including the technique of drying, capsule breaking, and sorting. The research result showed that the best treatment was a combination technique with umbels drying in the room at RH 50 % and 30-35°C for 72 hours, breaking capsule by hand manually, and seed sorting by winnower followed by hand manually. The produced seed quality in this treatment showed the seed germination was 75%, the moisture content was 7.5%, and the physical purity was 99.9%. This research implies that the availability of TSS processing technology can be carried out by massal, but still can produce good seed quality.

Assessing sustainability factors of farmer seed production: a case of the Good Seed Initiative project in Tanzania

Background Quality seed is at the core of the technological packages needed to increase crop production, nutrition, and rural wellbeing. However, smallholder farmers in Tanzania have limited access to affordable quality seeds, and over 90% of seed sown is saved by farmers from previous harvests, though its quality is often poor. The Good Seed Initiative (GSI) aimed to enhance access to quality African indigenous vegetable (AIV) seed in Tanzania, through the promotion of farmer seed production, using two models—contract farming and Quality Declared Seed (QDS). This study assessed post-GSI project sustainability factors and explored the prospects for replicating the approach in a wider regional context. Methods The study was conducted in Arusha and Dodoma, targeting locations where the GSI project was implemented. Qualitative tools employing focus group discussions (73 men, 69 women), and key informant interviews were used for data collection. Results Farmer seed production under both models continued to thrive, creating avenues for income diversification and contributing over 50% to household incomes. Farmer seed production contributed to increased availability of quality seed for vegetable growers, especially in central Tanzania that is less served by the formal sector. However, QDS production was challenged by a lack of access to foundation seed, inspections, and seed testing services, which are key for quality seed production. Conclusions Results reveal unequivocally that farmer seed production offers a potentially sustainable solution to the problem of seed supply while providing income benefits for seed producers. The market-based approach used by the project and partnerships with the formal sector, coupled with stimulation of demand through nutritional awareness campaigns, were strong contributory factors to the survival of farmer seed production. Farmer-led seed systems, especially QDS, deserve support from the government to develop a tailored and appropriate seed system that meets the ever-evolving needs of smallholder farmers. Adoption gender-inclusive approaches, particularly in contract farming is paramount to benefit women as much as men.

Assessment of High-yielding Rapeseed-mustard Varieties in Haor (Wetland) Ecosystem for Development of Mustard-Boro Rice-Fallow Pattern in Sylhet Region of Bangladesh

Aims: To assess the suitability of short duration high yielding rapeseed-mustard variety(s) cultivation in the haor (wetland) areas. Study Design: Randomized complete block (RCB). Place and Duration of Study: Farmers’ field of Lalakhal, Jaintapur Upazila of Sylhet, Bangladesh during November 2014 to February 2015. Methodology: The treatments included in the experiment were seven rapeseed-mustard varieties viz. i. Tori-7, ii. BARI sarisha-13, iii. BARI sarisha-14, iv. BARI sarisha-15, v. BARI sarisha-16, vi. advanced line Nap-205 and vii. BINA sarisha-4. Design of the experiment was randomized complete block (RCB) with three replications. Results: The results revealed that BARI sarisha-16 produced the highest seed yield (1.99 t ha-1), but it took the maximum days (92) to maturity. The variety BARI sarisha-15 produced the second highest seed yield (1.78 t ha-1) closely followed by BINA sarisha-4 (1.75 t ha-1) and BARI sarisha-13 (1.68 t ha-1). The lowest seed yield (1.53 t ha-1) was obtained from the variety Tori-7 which was statistically similar to that of BARI sarisha-14 (1.59 t ha-1) and Nap-205 (1.68 t ha-1). Tori-7 took the minimum days (74.7) to maturity while BARI sarisha-15 took 77.7 days. Conclusion: Variety BARI sarisha-15 could be a good option for haor areas for cultivation in medium low land before Boro rice after recession of rainwater, as it took less duration to maturity (77.7 days) with good seed yield (1.78 t ha-1).

Population dynamics of two endemic species in Aksu-Zhabagly State Nature Reserve

The structure of Allium pskemense and A. karataviense coenopopulations from the Aksu-Zhabagly State Nature Reserve was described. It was established that the ontogenetic spectrum of coenopopulations is left-sided with a maximum on immature individuals. This is due to good seed reproduction, rapid rates of development at the end of ontogenesis. It was shown that over a 10-year period, there is a gradual aging of the coenopopulation, which is reflected in the shift of the peaks in the spectrum to the young generative (A. pskemense) and virginal (A. karataviense) groups. It was concluded that the sustainable development of coenopopulations will be in the case of a decrease in the number of the phytophages and successful regeneration by seed, which leads to a regular turnover of generations.

PENGEMBANGAN USAHATANI TUMPANGSARI WIJEN DAN PALAWIJA PADA KAWASAN HUTAN

<p>Penelitian pengembangan usahatani tumpangsari wijen dan palawija pada kawasan hutan dilaksanakan di KPH Saradan, Madiun mulai bulan Maret sampai Desember 2001. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode kasus, betujuan untuk memperbaiki dan mengembangkan sistem usahatani tumpangsari wijen dan palawija di kawasan hutan jati seta meningkatkan pendapatan petani penggarap di lahan Perhutani. Penelitian menggunakan areal hutan jati muda yang baru berumur 3 tahun seluas 10 ha milik Perum Perhutani kcrjasama dengan petani penggarap. Jumlah petani binaan (kooperator) sebanyak 36 orang masing-masing memiliki luas garapan 0.25 - 0.5 ha. Lahan garapan petani dibagi menjadi 2 bagian, satu bagian ditanami wijen + ubi kayu, sedangkan sisanya ditanami ubi kayu t jagung. Paket tcknologi yang ditawarkan pada petani terdiri atas penggunaan varietas unggul wijen, benih bcrmutu, tanam tepat waktu, penjarangan disisakan 2 tanaman/lubang, pemberian pupuk tepat jenis, dosis dan saat pemberiannya, serta penyiangan dilakukan sesuai keadaan gulma. Parameter yang diamati meliputi jumlah penggunaan sarana produksi (benih, pupuk dan pestisida) beseta harganya, penggunaan (cnaga kerja keluarga dan luar keluarga beserta tingkat upah, produksi wijen dan palawija beserta harga jualnya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa : komponen tcknologi yang diterima dan dilaksanakan oleh petani adalah varietas unggul wijen Sumberrejo-1, benih wijen bcrmutu, waktu tanam wijen, dosis dan cara pemupukan serta penyiangan gulma. Teknologi anjuran yang belum diterima petani adalah pemupukan petama bersamaan tanam dan penjarangan tanaman wijen. Pada tumpangsari wijen + ubi kayu diperoleh rata-rata produksi wijen 657 kg dan ubi kayu basah 3 210 kg per ha. Pada tumpangsari jagung + ubi kayu diperoleh produksi jagung I 220 kg pipilan kering dan ubikayu basah 3 350 kg per ha. Pendapatan usahatani wijen + ubi kayu sebesar Rp 1 124 000 per ha dengan B/C ratio 1.40, sedangkan usahatani ubi kayu + jagung mengalami kerugian Rp 424 000 per ha dengan B/C ratio 0.88.</p><p>Kata kunci: Wijen, Sesamum indicum L., pendapatan petani, usahatani</p><p> </p><p><strong>ABSTRACT </strong></p><p><strong>Development of intercropping sesame and palawija in forest area</strong></p><p>Development research of sesame intercropping was conducted in KPH Saradan forest area, Madiun from March to December 2001. The research used 10 ha of 3 years old hardwood tree forest area. There were 36 farmers involved, each of them had 0.25 - 0.5 ha (o work on. The land was divided in(o 2 pats, one pat was planted with sesame and cassava, while the other pat was planted with cassava and com. The technology offered to the farmer consisted of: the use of superior variety, good seed, on schedule plantation, thinning up to 2 plants/hole, proper fetilizer, proper dose and application, and weeding. Parameters observed consisted of production input (i.e. seeds, fetilizer and pesticide) with the price, use of family worker and outside family worker with the salary rate, sesame and palawija production with their selling prices. The result showed that the technology accepted by the farmer was Sumberrejo 1 superior sesame variety, superior sesame seed, schedule of seed planting, fetilizer dossage and application, and weeding. The recommended technology that was not accepted yet by (he farmers was first fertilizer application at planting time and thinning of sesame. Area of sesame intercropped with cassava produced 657 kg of sesame and 3 210 kg of cassava per ha. Area of cassava intercropped with com produced 3 350 kg of cassava and 1 220 kg of com per ha. There was a profit of Rp 1 124 000 per ha in sesame + cassava intercropping with B/C ratio 1.40, while there was a financial lost of Rp 424 000 every ha in cassava + com intercropping with B/C ratio 0.88.</p><p>Key words : Sesame, Sesamum indicum L„ farmer's income, intercropping</p>

Culture Technique of Sunu Grouper (Plectropomus Leopardus) Broodstock in a concrete pond in Gondol, Bali Marine Research and Development Center

(Plectropomus leopardus) or grouper coral trout is one kind of commodities that have high economic value. As marine fisheries commodities are much in demand for large-scale farmers or household level will require broodstock who have qualified to produce quality eggs and a good seed. qualified to produce quality eggs and a good seed. The purpose of research is to gain knowledge in maintenance activities of the broodstock grouper coral trout on a concrete tank by comparing theory and application in the field. Maintenance engineering of coral trout grouper broodstock includes the preparation of concrete tanks, broodstock selection, water quality management, feeding, spawning and harvesting of eggs, and disease. Research in Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Budidaya Laut (BBPPBL) Gondol. Penyabangan Village, Subdistrict Gerokgak, Buleleng, Bali. On 18th January – 18th February 2016. Methods of work used in this research is descriptive data retrieval methods include primary data and secondary data. Data retrieval is done by means of active participation, observation, interviews and literature study. Results of Field Work Practice is the broodstock of grouper coral trout are maintained as much 217 with an average weight of 512.9 kg and an average length of 56.1 cm. Maintenance of broodstock grouper coral trout performed in container maintenance the round-shaped sized 100 m3 with a depth of 3 m with inlet and outlet Water management is performed by using a system is running water that flowing water as much as 300% -400%, the quality of sea water showing the value of 34.9 ppt salinity, DO 6.0 ppm, pH 8, and the temperature of 29 ˚C. Feed given in the form trash fish as much as 7-10 kg a day. Grouper coral trout spawning is done naturally by the male and female parent ratio of 1: 2, which produce eggs an average 2,252,292 items. During maintenance activities parasites invade have been found. Parasites invade the broodstock of grouper coral trout is Benedenia sp., Cryptocaryon sp., And viral infections Viral Nervous Necrosis (VNN)

PENGARUH JENIS KEMASAN TERHADAP MUTU DAN PERTUMBUHAN SETEK NILAM BERAKAR (Pogostemon cablin Benth) SELAMA PENYIMPANAN

ABSTRAK<br />Penanganan benih yang baik sangat diperlukan untuk mempertahan-<br />kan viabilitas benih nilam yang dikirim ke daerah yang jauh dari kebun<br />induk. Benih yang tidak dikemas dengan baik akan berakibat menurunnya<br />viabilitas benih dengan cepat, sehingga pada saat ditanam benih tidak<br />dapat tumbuh (mati). Untuk itu telah dilaksanakan penelitian yang<br />bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh jenis kemasan setek berakar<br />terhadap pertumbuhan nilam. Percobaan dilaksanakan di rumah kaca Balai<br />Penelitian Tanaman Obat dan Aromatik (Balittro) dari bulan Desember<br />2004 sampai dengan Maret 2005. Percobaan disusun dalam rancangan<br />acak lengkap (RAL) terdiri atas tujuh perlakuan dengan 3 ulangan.<br />Perlakuan yang diberikan adalah : (1) setek nilam dibalut tissue dan<br />dibungkus plastik transparan, (2) setek nilam dibalut koran dan dibungkus<br />plastik transparan, (3) setek nilam dibalut cocopeat dan dibungkus plastik<br />transparan, (4) setek nilam dibalut tissue dan dibungkus karung plastik, (5)<br />setek nilam dibalut koran dan dibungkus karung plastik, (6) setek nilam<br />dibalut cocopeat dan dibungkus karung plastik, (7) kontrol (setek tidak<br />dibalut dan tidak dibungkus). Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa<br />persentase hidup setek berakar nilam yang disimpan selama 7 hari pada<br />semua kemasan kecuali kontrol masih tinggi yaitu &gt;90%. Hampir dari<br />seluruh parameter pertumbuhan (tinggi tanaman, jumlah tunas dan jumlah<br />daun) yang diamati menunjukkan pengemasan setek nilam dibalut tissue<br />dan dibungkus plastik transparan lebih baik dibandingkan dengan<br />pengemasan setek yang lain.<br />Kata kunci : Nilam, Pogostemon cablin, benih, setek berakar, jenis<br />kemasan, pertumbuhan, Jawa Barat<br />ABSTRACT<br />Effect of packing materials on the quality and growth of<br />patchouli rooted cuttings<br />Good seed handling should be carried out seriously to maintain the<br />cutting viability of pacthouli especially when the cutting distributed to<br />other region far away from the seed garden. Improper cutting packing will<br />decrease of viability the cutting very fast and when it is planted the cutting<br />will not grow.Therefore, the research was conducted to find out the effect<br />of packing material on the growth of rooted cutting. The experiment was<br />conducted in the green house of the Indonesian Research Institute for<br />Aromatic and Medicinal Crops Bogor from December 2004 to March<br />2005, and it was arranged completely in a randomized design (CRD) with<br />3 replications, consisted of 7 packing treatments. The treatments were : (1)<br />rooted cuttings wrapped using transparent plastic with tissue media, (2)<br />rooted cuttings wrapped using transparent plastic with newspaper media,<br />(3) rooted cuttings wrapped using transparent plastic with cocopeat media,<br />(4) rooted cuttings wrapped using plastic sack with tissue media, (5) rooted<br />cuttings wrapped using plastic sack with newspaper media, (6) rooted<br />cuttings wrapped using plastic sack with cocopeat media, (7) control<br />(unwrapped seedling). The results indicated that after 7 days of storage,<br />rooted cuttings of patchouli were still viable (&gt;90%) in all treatments<br />except control. Packing of rooted cuttings by wrapping it with transparent<br />plastic with tissue media showed the best growth with more number of<br />leaves and higher plant compared to other packing treatments.<br />Key words : Patchouli, Pogostemon cablin, seedling, rooted cutting,<br />packing material, growth, West Java

TRADITIONAL METHOD OF MUNG BEANS (VIGNA RADIATA) PRESERVATION USING PANCHAGAVYA AND ITS EFFECT ON SEED GERMINATION

Objective: Callosobruchus chinensis is a major pest that affects mung bean causing severe damage during storage. The objective of the present study is aimed to evaluate the effect of panchagavya in larvicidal activity on C. chinensis and its seed germination was observed. Methods: The methods used in this study were followed by observing the people at a remote village in Chittoor district of Andhra Pradesh. This study is about the traditional knowledge of the use of cow urine in panchagavya described in Ayurveda and its application in seed preservation. Results: The ovicidal activity of panchagavya was remarkably good. The ability of ovicidal (instar) development into an adult beetle was found to be nothing. C. chinensis instar and adult beetle showed 100% mortality when treated with cow urine in small concentrations and good seed germination was observed. Conclusion: Panchagavya is potentially effective and eco-friendly in controlling beetles in grains storage and its enhanced seed germination.