Transport of soluble organic and inorganic carbon in sandy soils under nitrogen fertilization

1999 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 303-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. L. Wang ◽  
A. K. Alva
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Average Rate ◽  
Sandy Soils ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Total Carbon Content ◽  
Water Soluble Organic Carbon ◽  
Isobutylidene Diurea ◽  
Leaching Condition

Leaching of water soluble soil carbon plays an important role in downward transport of soil nutrients and pollutants and may be influenced by soil and management factors. We examined the leaching of water soluble carbon from two sandy soils under nitrogen fertilization by adapting an intermittent leaching-incubation technique using packed soil columns (94 × 10 cm). After 30 d, cumulative amounts of water-soluble organic carbon (SOC) leached from the Candler and Wabasso sand for various treatments in mg C column−1 were: 77 and 302 (NH4NO3), 64 and 265 (control), and 45 and 239 (isobutylidene diurea, IBDU), respectively. The IBDU and NH4NO3 treatments increased the leaching of water-soluble inorganic carbon (SIC), which ranged from 2 to 38 mg C column−1 over 30 d. At the end of eight cycles of leaching/incubation, the total carbon content increased at depth (control and NH4NO3 treatment) in the Candler sand, but decreased in the Wabasso sand. In the first leaching event, the average rate of SOC leaching from the Wabasso sand was 26 mg C column−1 d−1 which dropped rapidly to about 5 mg C column−1 d−1 towards the end of the experiment. The rate of SOC leaching from the Candler sand was much lower (<8 mg C column−1 d−1) than the rate of SOC leaching from the Wabasso sand. Compared with the unamended treatments, application of NH4NO3 increased and IBDU decreased the leaching of SOC in both soils. These effects of N application were considerable during the initial two to three leaching events only. Our results suggest that the initial rainfalls that follow a dry period may be critical for transporting SOC from the upper layer of these sandy soils. Key words: C leaching, sandy soil, intermittent leaching condition, isobutylidene

scholarly journals High molecular weight humic-like substances in carboneous aerosol of Ulaanbaatar city

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (45) ◽  
pp. 5-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shurkhuu Tserenpil ◽  
Xing Jung Fan ◽  
Atindra Sapkota ◽  
Enkhmaa Chinzorig ◽  
Jian Zhong Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
High Molecular Weight ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Total Carbon Content ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Soluble Organic Fraction

Total carbon content of the atmospheric suspended particulate matters consisted of as high as 89-93% organic carbon (OC) in Ulaanbaatar aerosol without showing seasonal variation. However, limited aerosol measurements have been conducted on these OC rich aerosols particularly for high molecular weight constituents. In order to address the gap above, abundance of high molecular weight humic-like substances (HULIS) in total suspended particulates (TSP) from Ulaanbaatar atmospheric aerosol were determined for the first time. HULIS molecular structure was characterised for different seasons using carbon content and UV absorbance measurements coupled with solid phase extraction methods. Although, HULIS contributions to water soluble organic fraction of the winter and summer aerosols were similar HULIS carbon concentration was higher in winter samples (9-37 mg·L-1) than in summer (2-6 mg·L-1). Consequently quantity of aromatic moieties and degree of aromaticity varied between seasons.

scholarly journals Understanding carbon regulation in aquatic systems - Bacteriophages as a model

F1000Research ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Swapnil Sanmukh ◽  
Krishna Khairnar ◽  
Waman Paunikar ◽  
Satish Lokhande
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Cycle ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Aquatic Systems ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Total Carbon Content ◽  
Host Interactions ◽  
Carbon Regulation ◽  
Control Samples

The bacteria and their phages are the most abundant constituents of the aquatic environment, and so represent an ideal model for studying carbon regulation in an aquatic system. The microbe-mediated interconversion of bioavailable organic carbon (OC) into dissolved organic carbon (DOC) by the microbial carbon pump (MCP) has been suggested to have the potential to revolutionize our view of carbon sequestration. It is estimated that DOC is the largest pool of organic matter in the ocean and, though a major component of the global carbon cycle, its source is not yet well understood. A key element of the carbon cycle is the microbial conversion of DOC into inedible forms. The primary aim of this study is to understand the phage conversion from organic to inorganic carbon during phage-host interactions.Time studies of phage-host interactions under controlled conditions reveal their impact on the total carbon content of the samples and their interconversion of organic and inorganic carbon compared to control samples. A total organic carbon (TOC) analysis showed an increase in inorganic carbon content by 15-25 percent in samples with bacteria and phage compared to samples with bacteria alone. Compared to control samples, the increase in inorganic carbon content was 60-70-fold in samples with bacteria and phage, and 50-55-fold for samples with bacteria alone. This study indicates the potential impact of phages in regulating the carbon cycle of aquatic systems.

scholarly journals LEVELS AND WATER SOLUBLE ORGANIC CARBON OF ATMOSPHERIC NANOPARTICLES IN A LOCATION OF HA NOI, VIET NAM

2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 743
Author(s):  
Nguyen Thi Thu Thuy ◽  
Nghiem Trung Dung ◽  
Kazuhiko Sekiguchi ◽  
Ryosuke Yamaguchi ◽  
Ly Bich Thuy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Viet Nam ◽  
Electrical Mobility ◽  
Water Soluble Organic Carbon ◽  
Soluble Organic Carbon ◽  
Secondary Organic Carbon ◽  
A Site ◽  
Micro Balance

Atmospheric nanoparticles (NPs or PM0.1) were investigated at a site inside the campus of Ha Noi University of Science and Technology (HUST) in Ha Noi, Viet Nam. The sampling was conducted during a rainy season (August, 2015) and a dry season (October to December, 2015). Mass was weighed by an electronic micro-balance, Sartorius ME2, 10-6 g. Number concentrations were measured by an electrical mobility spectrometer (NanoScan, SMPS TSI Model 3910). Water soluble organic carbon (WSOC) was analyzed by a total carbon analyzer (TOC-VCHP, Shimazu). The correlations between WSOC and other components were studied to primarily identify the sources of atmospheric nanoparticles. Secondary organic carbon (SOA) was estimated using elemental carbon (EC) – tracer method. Selected characteristics of nanoparticles including mass concentrations, number concentrations, and WSOC were determined.

scholarly journals Sub-surface Carbon Stocks in Northern Taiga Landscapes Exposed in the Batagay Megaslump, Yana Upland, Yakutia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrei Shepelev ◽  
Alexander Kizyakov ◽  
Sebastian Wetterich ◽  
Alexandra Cherepanova ◽  
Thomas Opel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Content ◽  
Active Layer ◽  
Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Northern Taiga ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Surface Layers ◽  
Total Carbon Content ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Lower Carbon ◽  
Ice Complex

The most massive and fast-eroding thaw slump of the Northern Hemisphere located in the Yana uplands of northern Yakutia was investigated to assess in detail the cryogenic inventory and carbon pools of two distinctive Ice Complex stratigraphic units and the uppermost cover deposits. Differentiating into modern and Holocene near-surface layers (active layer and shielding layer), highest total carbon contents were found in the active layer (18.7 kg m-2), while the shielding layer yielded much lower carbon content of 1.8 kg m-2. The late Pleistocene upper Ice Complex contained 10.4 kg m-2 total carbon, and the mid-Pleistocene lower Ice Complex 17.7 kg m-2. The proportion of organic carbon from total carbon content is well above 70% in all studied units with 94 % in the active layer, 73% in the shielding layer, 83% in the upper Ice Complex and 79% in the lower Ice Complex. Inorganic carbon is low in the overall structure of the deposits.

scholarly journals Variability of organic and elemental carbon, water soluble organic carbon, and isotopes in Hong Kong

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 4569-4576 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. F. Ho ◽  
S. C. Lee ◽  
J. J. Cao ◽  
Y. S. Li ◽  
J. C. Chow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Elemental Carbon ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Carbonaceous Aerosol ◽  
Water Soluble Organic Carbon ◽  
Soluble Organic Carbon

Abstract. To determine the levels and variations of carbonaceous aerosol in Hong Kong, PM2.5 and PM10 samples were collected by high volume (Hi-vol) samplers at three monitoring stations (representing middle-scale roadside, urban-, and regional-scale environments) during winter (November 2000 to February 2001) and summer (June 2001 to August 2001) periods. The highest concentrations of organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), and water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) were found at the middle-scale roadside site with the lowest at the regional-scale site. The percentages of WSOC in total carbon at these sites were inversely correlated with their concentrations (i.e., the highest percentages of WSOC were observed at the regional-scale site). A high WSOC fraction may be associated with aged aerosol because of the secondary formation by photochemical oxidation of organic precursors of anthropogenic pollutants during transport. The annual average of isotope abundances (δ13C) of OC and EC were –26.9±0.5‰ and –25.6±0.1‰, respectively. There were no notable differences for seasonal distributions of carbon isotopic composition, consistent with motor vehicle emissions being the main source contributors of carbonaceous aerosol in Hong Kong. OC 13C abundances at the regional-scale site were higher than those at the middle-scale roadside and urban sites, consistent with secondary organic aerosols of biogenic origin.

scholarly journals Variability of organic and elemental carbon, water soluble organic carbon, and isotopes in Hong Kong

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 4579-4600 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. F. Ho ◽  
S. C. Lee ◽  
J. J. Cao ◽  
Y. S. Li ◽  
J. C. Chow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Elemental Carbon ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Carbonaceous Aerosol ◽  
Water Soluble Organic Carbon ◽  
Soluble Organic Carbon

Abstract. To determine the levels and variations of carbonaceous aerosol in Hong Kong, PM2.5 and PM10 samples were collected by high volume (Hi-vol) samplers at three monitoring stations (representing middle-scale roadside, urban-, and regional-scale environments) during winter (November 2000 to February 2001) and summer (June 2001 to August 2001) periods. The highest concentrations of organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), and water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) were found at the middle-scale roadside site with the lowest at the regional-scale site. The percentages of WSOC in total carbon at these sites were inversely correlated with their concentrations (i.e., the highest percentages of WSOC were observed at the regional-scale site). A high WSOC fraction may be associated with aged aerosol because of the secondary formation by photochemical oxidation of organic precursors of anthropogenic pollutants during transport. The annual average of isotope abundances (δ13C) of OC and EC were –26.9±0.5 and –25.6±0.1, respectively. There were no notable differences for seasonal distributions of carbon isotopic composition, consistent with motor vehicle emissions being the main source contributors of carbonaceous aerosol in Hong Kong. OC 13C abundances at the regional-scale site were higher than those at the middle-scale roadside and urban sites, consistent with secondary organic aerosols of biogenic origin.

scholarly journals Sub-Surface Carbon Stocks in Northern Taiga Landscapes Exposed in the Batagay Megaslump, Yana Upland, Yakutia

Land ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 305
Author(s):  
Andrei G. Shepelev ◽  
Alexander Kizyakov ◽  
Sebastian Wetterich ◽  
Alexandra Cherepanova ◽  
Alexander Fedorov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Content ◽  
Active Layer ◽  
Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Northern Taiga ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Surface Layers ◽  
Total Carbon Content ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Lower Carbon ◽  
Ice Complex

The most massive and fast-eroding thaw slump of the Northern Hemisphere located in the Yana Uplands of Northern Yakutia was investigated to assess in detail the cryogenic inventory and carbon pools of two distinctive Ice Complex stratigraphic units and the uppermost cover deposits. Differentiating into modern and Holocene near-surface layers (active layer and shielding layer), highest total carbon contents were found in the active layer (18.72 kg m−2), while the shielding layer yielded a much lower carbon content of 1.81 kg m−2. The late Pleistocene upper Ice Complex contained 10.34 kg m−2 total carbon, and the mid-Pleistocene lower Ice Complex 17.66 kg m−2. The proportion of organic carbon from total carbon content is well above 70% in all studied units with 94% in the active layer, 73% in the shielding layer, 83% in the upper Ice Complex and 79% in the lower Ice Complex. Inorganic carbon is low in the overall structure of the deposits.

scholarly journals Transformation of organic substances in the conjugate series of surface waters of North Karelia

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-50
Author(s):  
O. Yu. Drozdova ◽  
S. M. Ilina ◽  
N. A. Anokhina ◽  
Yu. A. Zavgorodnyaya ◽  
V. V. Demin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Humic Substances ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Natural Waters ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Benzoic Acids ◽  
Total Carbon Content ◽  
Conjugate Series

In this study, compositions of organic matter were investigated in the conjugate series of natural waters, including that from soil water, wetlands, streams, and lakes. In determinations of compositions of aliphatic and benzoic acids and humic substances, humic substances comprised the bulk of dissolved organic carbon, with 28% in lake waters and 57% in waters of wetlands and a weighted average molecular mass of 1 kDa. Aliphatic and benzoic acids comprised ≤ 2% of the total carbon content of water-soluble organic compounds. Transformations of dissolved organic matter occurred in a series of surveyed waters. Specifically, compositions and specific characteristics are dynamic, and increases in the fraction with a molecular weight of < 1 kDa were associated with photo- and bio-degradation of macromolecular organic compounds.

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