scholarly journals Storage losses in net-wrapped, large, round bales of alfalfa hay

1993 ◽  
pp. 39-40
Author(s):  
R.K. Taylor ◽  
D.L. Kueck ◽  
C.E. Addison ◽  
Dale A. Blasi ◽  
Thomas Mark Maxwell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Storage Losses ◽  
Alfalfa Hay ◽  
Large Round

EFFECTS OF STORAGE CONDITIONS FOR LARGE ROUND BALES ON RECOVERY AND QUALITY OF ALFALFA HAY

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 487-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. ATWAL ◽  
F. D. SAUER ◽  
J. D. ERFLE
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Prolonged Storage ◽  
Mold Growth ◽  
Edible Portion ◽  
Storage Losses ◽  
Alfalfa Hay ◽  
Large Round ◽  
Medicago Sativa L

Weathering and mold growth in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) hay stored at 20% moisture in large round bales was extensive. The losses of dry matter were 9, 40 and 30%, respectively, for hay stored inside, outside and partially protected. Prolonged storage reduced the quality of the edible portion of hay. Key words: Alfalfa hay, digestibility, storage losses, recovery of nutrients

EFFECTIVENESS OF ANHYDROUS AMMONIA AS A PRESERVATIVE FOR HIGH-MOISTURE ALFALFA HAY IN LARGE ROUND BALES

1986 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 743-753 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. ATWAL ◽  
L. C. HESLOP ◽  
K. LIEVERS
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Insoluble Fraction ◽  
Reference Points ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
High Moisture ◽  
Total N ◽  
Heat Damage ◽  
Anhydrous Ammonia ◽  
Alfalfa Hay ◽  
Large Round

Two experiments were conducted in sequence to determine the effectiveness of anhydrous ammonia (AA) as a preservative of alfalfa hay stored as large round bales (LRB). In the the first experiment application of 3% AA (wt/wt) to alfalfa hay baled at about 23% moisture-content (MC) increased the temperature markedly above the control treatment and resulted in a significantly (P < 0.05) higher acid-detergent-insoluble nitrogen and acid-detergent lignin. In the second experiment application of about 1% AA slowly (over 48 h) to LRB of alfalfa hay packaged at about 30% and > 35% MC, significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the cumulative degree-days above all reference points from 35 to 65 °C. Ammoniation completely eliminated dry matter losses in storage which were highest (8.3%) for 33% MC control hay. High moisture control hay (33% MC) suffered severe heat damage with 33% of total N being in the acid-detergent-insoluble fraction as compared to less than 10% for medium-moisture (26% MC) control and even lower values for ammoniated hay. Digestibility of crude protein and energy was significantly (P < 0.05) improved by ammoniation of medium-moisture (about 30% in-to-storage) alfalfa hay. When the ammonia-treated hay was uncovered in spring, coarsely ground and stored in a hay wagon the high-moisture-ammoniated hay (> 35% MC) became moldy within 4 wk, even when the ambient temperature was about 6 °C, whereas medium-moisture-ammoniated hay (about 30% MC) showed some deterioration after 7 wk as the ambient temperature increased to about 12 °C. Key words: Ammonia, alfalfa hay, digestibility, heat damage, high-moisture hay, large bales

Large Round Bale Alfalfa Hay Storage

1988 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 316-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond L. Huhnke
Keyword(s):  
Alfalfa Hay ◽  
Large Round

Effect of Alfalfa Cultivar and Bale Wrap Type on Dry Matter and Forage Quality of Large Round Bales in Outdoor Storage

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 975-982
Author(s):  
Amanda S. Reiter ◽  
Craig C. Sheaffer ◽  
M. Scotty Wells ◽  
Amanda M. Grev ◽  
Marcia A. Hathaway ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Forage Quality ◽  
List Type ◽  
Storage Losses ◽  
Feeding Value ◽  
Large Round ◽  
Time Required ◽  
And Storage

HighlightsTime to bind a round bale was longest for twine (56 s) compared to B-Wrap® (28 s) and net wrap (18 s).Alfalfa cultivar had minimal effects on changes in dry matter and forage quality of round bales stored outdoors.Dry matter losses were 7% for twine bales, 5% for net wrap bales, while B-Wrap® bales maintained DM in outdoor storage.Deleterious changes in forage quality were generally observed after =180 days of outdoor storage. Abstract. Large round bales are commonly fed to livestock; however, it has been well documented that outdoor storage can negatively impact dry matter (DM) and forage quality. To reduce storage losses and improve feeding value, new wrap types and alfalfa cultivars have been developed; however, these options have not been extensively investigated. Therefore, the objectives of this research were to evaluate the time required to bind large round bales, determine changes in DM and forage quality, and examine the economics of reduced-lignin and conventional alfalfa hay bound in twine, net wrap, and B-Wrap® while in outdoor storage. Hay was baled into 24 large round bales; 12 bales each of reduced-lignin and conventional alfalfa. Within each cultivar, four replicates were bound with each wrap type. Using stopwatches, the time to bind each bale was recorded. At the time of harvest, and every 90±3 days for 365 days, individual bales were weighed and cored to determine changes in DM and forage quality. Significance was set at P = 0.05. Time to bind a bale was longest for twine, intermediate for B-Wrap®, and shortest for net wrap (P &lt; 0.01). Alfalfa cultivar had minimal effects on the parameters measured; therefore, the interaction between wrap type and storage length was reported. After 365 days in outdoor storage, DM losses were 7% for twine bales, 5% for net wrap bales, while B-Wrap® bales maintained DM. Changes in forage quality were observed at =180 days of storage where nonstructural carbohydrates were decreased and insoluble fiber components were concentrated. B-Wrap® bales had a higher value compared to net wrap and twines bales at 180 and 270 days in storage. These results suggest that B-Wrap® was better able to shed precipitation which preserved forage quality and bale value compared to large round bales bound in net wrap and twine in long term, outdoor storage. Keywords: B-Wrap®, Bale value, Net wrap, Reduced-lignin alfalfa, Twine.

Large Round Alfalfa Hay Bales Covered With Nutri-Shield

1992 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. Huhnke ◽  
G. H. Brusewitz ◽  
E. M. Barnes
Keyword(s):  
Alfalfa Hay ◽  
Large Round

Storage Losses From Large Round Bales of Alfalfa, Tall Fescue, and Big Bluestem Hay

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 445-454
Author(s):  
L. W. Lomas ◽  
J. W. Slocombe ◽  
G. A. Milliken
Keyword(s):  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Crushed Rock ◽  
Big Bluestem ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Storage Losses ◽  
Storage Location ◽  
Large Round

Abstract. An 18-month study was conducted to evaluate the effects of storage location, wrapping material, storage surface, and cover on losses of dry matter (DM) and nutrients from large round hay bales. The study consisted of (n=40 bales each) of alfalfa ( L.), tall fescue [ (Schreb.) S.J. Darbyshire], and big bluestem () hay. Bales were wrapped with plastic twine or plastic net and stored indoors or outdoors. Bales stored outdoors were placed on soil or crushed rock with either no cover or thetophalf covered by a tarp. Bales were individually weighed and sampled at harvest and again after 6, 12, and 18 months of storage. Samples were analyzed for DM, crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and acid detergent fiber (ADF), and total digestible nutrient (TDN) values were calculated. After 18 months of storage, alfalfa and fescue hay stored inside had a greater (P&lt;0.05) DM concentration and smaller (P&lt;0.05) DM loss than hay stored outside. Storage location and/or treatment had no effect (P&gt;0.05) on DM loss from big bluestem hay. Across all hay types, net-wrapped bales stored outside had numerically smaller DM loss than twine-wrapped bales; however, differences in most cases were not significant (P&gt;0.05). Alfalfa bales stored outside on crushed rock had smaller (P&lt;0.05) DM loss than those stored on soil 18 months after harvest. Storage surface had little or no effect on DM loss from tall fescue and big bluestem hay at any sampling time. Covering the top half of the bale consistently reduced DM loss from alfalfa and tall fescue hay stored outside, but had no effect (P&gt;0.05) on storage losses from big bluestem hay. The effects of storage treatment on CP, NDF, ADF, and TDN were small and in most cases were not significant (P&gt;0.05). The results of this study indicate that alfalfa hay should either be stored inside, or outside on rock with the top-half covered to minimize DM loss. Fescue and big bluestem hay can be stored outside with minimal losses using any of the storage treatments evaluated provided bales are stored on a well-drained surface. Keywords: Alfalfa, Big bluestem, Dry matter, Hay, Net-wrap, Quality, Round bales, Storage losses, Tall fescue.

EFFECTIVENESS OF PROPIONIC ACID FOR PRESERVING ALFALFA HAY IN LARGE ROUND BALES

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. ATWAL ◽  
L. C. HESLOP
Keyword(s):  
Propionic Acid ◽  
Reference Points ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Alfalfa Hay ◽  
Percent Moisture ◽  
Large Round ◽  
Voluntary Intake ◽  
Very High

A propionic acid-based commercial mold inhibitor for high moisture hay was compared with an equivalent and a 10-fold higher concentration of propionic acid for preserving alfalfa hay in large round bales. When packaged, the percent moisture content (MC) of each of the five treatments was: CC1 (Control) 26.1, CT1 (commercial formulation equivalent to 0.03% propionic acid) 25.0, LPA1 (0.03% proprionic acid) 31.1, PA1 (0.3% propionic acid) 23.6 and PA0 (0.3% propionic acid) 17.8. There were no significant (P > 0.05) differences in MC among CC1, CT1 and PA1 treatments. The application of the commercial mold inhibitor (CT1 treatment) proved ineffective. This treatment, as compared to CC1 treatment, showed no significant (P > 0.05) effects on dry matter (DM) loss, cumulative degree-days (above 6 reference points from 35 to 65 °C), chemical composition, voluntary intake and digestibility of nutrients. Hay from PA1 treatment was significantly (P < 0.05) lower in neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and significantly (P < 0.05) higher in energy digestibility than that from the CC1 and CT1 treatments. Although the maximal temperature was higher for PA0 hay than for PA1 hay, the PA0 hay cooled down sooner. The PA0 treatment was lowest (P < 0.05) in the cumulative degree-days above 35 °C, crude protein (CP), NDF, cellulose, NDF-N and acid detergent insoluble N; and highest (P < 0.05) in hot-water-insoluble N, digestibilities of DM, CP and energy. Because of very high initial MC, the LPA1 hay deteriorated very markedly and its DM loss was about twice of that for CCI hay. Key words: Propionic acid, alfalfa hay, digestibility, temperature of hay, large round bales

Storage Losses in Net-wrapped, Large Round Bales of Alfalfa

1994 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 317-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. K. Taylor ◽  
D. A. Blasi ◽  
J. P. Shroyer
Keyword(s):  
Storage Losses ◽  
Large Round

Effects of ammoniation of brome-alfalfa and alfalfa hay, stored as large round bales on preservation and feed quality

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 755-765 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Mir ◽  
J. A. Robertson ◽  
P. S. Mir ◽  
E. Z. Jan ◽  
D. H. McCartney
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
High Moisture ◽  
Total N ◽  
Anhydrous Ammonia ◽  
Alfalfa Hay ◽  
Respective Field ◽  
Large Round

Feeding trials with growing steers and digestibility trials with sheep were conducted during each of 3 yr in a split-split plot design, to compare the effects of anhydrous ammonia (2% wt wt−1, in plastic-covered stacks of large round bales) on preservation of brome-alfalfa and alfalfa hay harvested at < 20 and at 30% moisture with respective field cured (< 20% moisture) nonammoniated hays. Even after 14 wk of storage, the ammoniated high-moisture hays were free of visible molds. Dry matter (DM) recovery varied from 93.9 to 98.7% but was not affected by either moisture content or ammoniation. Ammoniation increased (P < 0.05) acid detergent insoluble nitrogen (ADIN, % total N) in high-moisture brome-alfalfa hay to 16.8 from 9.7% in nonammoniated hay. Within each type of hay, dry matter intake and average daily gain of growing steers were not affected by treatment. Feed efficiency was reduced (P < 0.05) in animals fed ammoniated high-moisture brome-alfalfa (11.2) but was improved (P < 0.05) in those fed ammoniated high-moisture alfalfa (9.8) when compared with the respective field cured hay (10.1 and 11.4). Compared to nonammoniated hay, ammoniating high-moisture brome-alfalfa hay had no effect on digestibilities of DM and acid detergent fiber (ADF) but decreased and increased (P < 0.05) digestibility of nitrogen (N) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF), respectively. With alfalfa, ammoniation did not affect digestibilities of either low- or high-moisture hay. Rumen volatile fatty acid profiles were not influenced but rumen fluid pH was elevated in sheep fed ammoniated hays. Results indicate that anhydrous ammonia treatment effectively preserved high-moisture alfalfa without adversely affecting nutritional quality parameters. Key words: Ammonia, brome-alfalfa, alfalfa, cattle, sheep, digestibility

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