Abstract Witt Rings When Certain Binary Forms Represent Exactly Four Elements

1993 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 1184-1199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig M. Cordes
Keyword(s):  
Group Ring ◽  
Positive Characteristic ◽  
Finitely Generated ◽  
Binary Forms ◽  
Witt Ring ◽  
Witt Rings ◽  
Elementary Type ◽  
Characteristic 2

AbstractAn abstract Witt ring (R, G) of positive characteristic is known to be a group ring S[Δ] with ﹛1﹜ ≠ Δ ⊆ G if and only if it contains a form〈1,x〉, x ≠1, which represents only the two elements 1 and x. Carson and Marshall have characterized all Witt rings of characteristic 2 which contain binary forms representing exactly four elements. Such results which show R is isomorphic to a product of smaller rings are helpful in settling the conjecture that every finitely generated Witt ring is of elementary type. Here, some special situations are considered. In particular if char(R) = 8, |D〈l, 1〉| = 4, and R contains no rigid elements, then R is isomorphic to the Witt ring of the 2-adic numbers. If char(R) = 4, |D〈l,a〉| = 4 where a ∈ D〈1, 1〉, and R contains no rigid elements, then R is either a ring of order 8 or is the specified product of two Witt rings at least one of which is a group ring. In several cases R is realized by a field.

Gorenstein Witt Rings

1988 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 1186-1202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert W. Fitzgerald
Keyword(s):  
Group Ring ◽  
Quotient Ring ◽  
Injective Resolution ◽  
Gorenstein Rings ◽  
Witt Ring ◽  
Witt Rings ◽  
Local Type ◽  
Elementary Type ◽  
Ring Extensions

Throughout R is a noetherian Witt ring. The basic example is the Witt ring WF of a field F of characteristic not 2 and finite. We study the structure of (noetherian) Witt rings which are also Gorenstein rings (i.e., have a finite injective resolution). The underlying motivation is the elementary type conjecture. The Gorenstein Witt rings of elementary type are group ring extensions of Witt rings of local type. We thus wish to compare the two classes of Witt rings: Gorenstein and group ring over local type. We show the two classes enjoy many of the same properties and are, in several cases, equal. However we cannot decide if the two classes are always equal.In the first section we consider formally real Witt rings R (equivalently, dim R = 1). Here the total quotient ring of R is R-injective if and only if R is reduced. Further, R is Gorenstein if and only if R is a group ring over Z. This result appears to be somewhat deep.

Decomposition of Witt Rings

1982 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 1276-1302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew B. Carson ◽  
Murray A. Marshall
Keyword(s):  
Quadratic Forms ◽  
Classification Problem ◽  
Bilinear Forms ◽  
Interesting Problem ◽  
Witt Ring ◽  
Witt Rings ◽  
Finite Case ◽  
Characteristic 2 ◽  
Definition Of

We take the definition of a Witt ring to be that given in [13], i.e., it is what is called a strongly representational Witt ring in [8]. The classical example is obtained by considering quadratic forms over a field of characteristic ≠ 2 [17], but Witt rings also arise in studying quadratic forms or symmetric bilinear forms over more general types of rings [5,7, 8, 9]. An interesting problem in the theory is that of classifying Witt rings in case the associated group G is finite. The reduced case, i.e., the case where the nilradical is trivial, is better understood. In particular, the above classification problem is completely solved in this case [4, 12, or 13, Corollary 6.25]. Thus, the emphasis here is on the non-reduced case. Although some of the results given here do not require |G| < ∞, they do require some finiteness assumption. Certainly, the main goal here is to understand the finite case, and in this sense this paper is a continuation of work started by the second author in [13, Chapter 5].

Isomorphisms and Automorphisms of Witt Rings

1988 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 250-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Leep ◽  
Murray Marshall
Keyword(s):  
Quadratic Forms ◽  
Multiplicative Group ◽  
Witt Ring ◽  
Witt Rings ◽  
Ring Isomorphism ◽  
Characteristic 2 ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractFor a field F, char(F) ≠ 2, let WF denote the Witt ring of quadratic forms of F and let denote the multiplicative group of 1-dimensional forms It follows from a construction of D. K. Harrison that if E, F are fields (both of characteristic ≠ 2) and ρ.WE → WF is a ring isomorphism, then there exists a ring isomorphism which “preserves dimension” in the sense that In this paper, the relationship between ρ and is clarified.

Decomposition of Witt Rings and Galois Groups

1995 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 1274-1289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ján Mináč ◽  
Tara L. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Galois Group ◽  
Group Ring ◽  
Galois Groups ◽  
Complete List ◽  
Direct Products ◽  
Free Products ◽  
Basic Part ◽  
Witt Ring ◽  
Semidirect Products ◽  
Witt Rings

AbstractTo each field F of characteristic not 2, one can associate a certain Galois group 𝒢F, the so-called W-group of F, which carries essentially the same information as the Witt ring W(F) of F. In this paper we show that direct products of Witt rings correspond to free products of these Galois groups (in the appropriate category), group ring construction of Witt rings corresponds to semidirect products of W-groups, and the basic part of W(F) is related to the center of 𝒢F. In an appendix we provide a complete list of Witt rings and corresponding w-groups for fields F with |Ḟ/Ḟ2| ≤ 16.

scholarly journals Abstract theory of semiorderings

2005 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-250
Author(s):  
Thomas C. Craven ◽  
Tara L. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Quadratic Forms ◽  
Algebraic Theory ◽  
Covering Number ◽  
Finitely Generated ◽  
Abstract Theory ◽  
Witt Ring ◽  
Witt Rings ◽  
Covering Numbers ◽  
Spaces Of Orderings

Marshall's abstract theory of spaces of orderings is a powerful tool in the algebraic theory of quadratic forms. We develop an abstract theory for semiorderings, developing a notion of a space of semiorderings which is a prespace of orderings. It is shown how to construct all finitely generated spaces of semiorderings. The morphisms between such spaces are studied, generalising the extension of valuations for fields into this context. An important invariant for studying Witt rings is the covering number of a preordering. Covering numbers are defined for abstract preorderings and related to other invariants of the Witt ring.

scholarly journals Elliptic Curves over the Perfect Closure of a Function Field

2010 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-94
Author(s):  
Dragos Ghioca
Keyword(s):  
Elliptic Curve ◽  
Elliptic Curves ◽  
Function Field ◽  
Positive Characteristic ◽  
Rational Points ◽  
Finitely Generated

AbstractWe prove that the group of rational points of a non-isotrivial elliptic curve defined over the perfect closure of a function field in positive characteristic is finitely generated.

Units in Group Rings of the Infinite Dihedral Group

1991 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maciej Mirowicz
Keyword(s):  
Group Ring ◽  
Integral Domain ◽  
Dihedral Group ◽  
Group Rings ◽  
Finitely Generated ◽  
Group Of Units ◽  
Group D

AbstractThis paper studies the group of units U(RD∞) of the group ring of the infinite dihedral group D∞ over a commutative integral domain R. The structures of U(Z2D∞) and U(Z3D∞) are determined, and it is shown that U(ZD∞) is not finitely generated.

scholarly journals Algebraic Surfaces of General Type with Small c21 in Positive Characteristic

2008 ◽  
Vol 191 ◽  
pp. 111-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Liedtke
Keyword(s):  
Characteristic Zero ◽  
General Type ◽  
Positive Characteristic ◽  
Algebraic Surfaces ◽  
Surfaces Of General Type ◽  
Arbitrary Characteristic ◽  
Numerical Invariants ◽  
Characteristic 2

AbstractWe establish Noether’s inequality for surfaces of general type in positive characteristic. Then we extend Enriques’ and Horikawa’s classification of surfaces on the Noether line, the so-called Horikawa surfaces. We construct examples for all possible numerical invariants and in arbitrary characteristic, where we need foliations and deformation techniques to handle characteristic 2. Finally, we show that Horikawa surfaces lift to characteristic zero.

Maximal T-spaces of free associative algebras over a finite field

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (04) ◽  
pp. 1850064
Author(s):  
C. Bekh-Ochir ◽  
S. A. Rankin
Keyword(s):  
Finite Field ◽  
Positive Characteristic ◽  
Associative Algebras ◽  
Prime Field ◽  
Characteristic 2 ◽  
Infinite Set

In earlier work, it was established that for any finite field [Formula: see text] and any nonempty set [Formula: see text], the free associative (nonunitary) [Formula: see text]-algebra on [Formula: see text], denoted by [Formula: see text], had infinitely many maximal [Formula: see text]-spaces, but exactly two maximal [Formula: see text]-ideals (each of which was shown to be a maximal [Formula: see text]-space). This raises the interesting question as to whether or not the maximal [Formula: see text]-spaces can be classified. However, aside from the two maximal [Formula: see text]-ideals, no examples of maximal [Formula: see text]-spaces of [Formula: see text] have been identified to this point. This paper presents, for each finite field [Formula: see text], an infinite set of proper [Formula: see text]-spaces [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text], none of which is a [Formula: see text]-ideal. It is proven that for any distinct integers [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]. Furthermore, it is proven that for the prime field [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] any prime, [Formula: see text] is a maximal [Formula: see text]-space of [Formula: see text]. We conjecture that for any finite field [Formula: see text] of positive characteristic different from 2 and each integer [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] is a maximal [Formula: see text]-space of [Formula: see text]. In characteristic 2, the situation is slightly different and we provide different candidates for maximal [Formula: see text]-spaces.

scholarly journals Spherical subgroups in simple algebraic groups

2015 ◽  
Vol 151 (7) ◽  
pp. 1288-1308
Author(s):  
Friedrich Knop ◽  
Gerhard Röhrle
Keyword(s):  
Algebraic Group ◽  
Closed Subgroup ◽  
Positive Characteristic ◽  
Dense Orbit ◽  
Simple Algebraic Group ◽  
Spherical Subgroup ◽  
Group A ◽  
General Deformation ◽  
Characteristic 2

Let $G$ be a simple algebraic group. A closed subgroup $H$ of $G$ is said to be spherical if it has a dense orbit on the flag variety $G/B$ of $G$. Reductive spherical subgroups of simple Lie groups were classified by Krämer in 1979. In 1997, Brundan showed that each example from Krämer’s list also gives rise to a spherical subgroup in the corresponding simple algebraic group in any positive characteristic. Nevertheless, up to now there has been no classification of all such instances in positive characteristic. The goal of this paper is to complete this classification. It turns out that there is only one additional instance (up to isogeny) in characteristic 2 which has no counterpart in Krämer’s classification. As one of our key tools, we prove a general deformation result for subgroup schemes that allows us to deduce the sphericality of subgroups in positive characteristic from the same property for subgroups in characteristic zero.

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