Post-translational regulation of SHORT VEGETATIVE PHASE as a major mechanism for thermoregulation of flowering

Abstract During erythroid differentiation and maturation, it is critical that the 3 components of hemoglobin, α-globin, β-globin, and heme, are made in proper stoichiometry to form stable hemoglobin. Heme-regulated translation mediated by the heme-regulated inhibitor kinase (HRI) provides one major mechanism that ensures balanced synthesis of globins and heme. HRI phosphorylates the α-subunit of eukaryotic translational initiation factor 2 (eIF2α) in heme deficiency, thereby inhibiting protein synthesis globally. In this manner, HRI serves as a feedback inhibitor of globin synthesis by sensing the intracellular concentration of heme through its heme-binding domains. HRI is essential not only for the translational regulation of globins, but also for the survival of erythroid precursors in iron deficiency. Recently, the protective function of HRI has also been demonstrated in murine models of erythropoietic protoporphyria and β-thalassemia. In these 3 anemias, HRI is essential in determining red blood cell size, number, and hemoglobin content per cell. Translational regulation by HRI is critical to reduce excess synthesis of globin proteins or heme under nonoptimal disease states, and thus reduces the severity of these diseases. The protective role of HRI may be more common among red cell disorders.

Download Full-text

Identification of pathways directly regulated by SHORT VEGETATIVE PHASE during vegetative and reproductive development in Arabidopsis

Genome Biology ◽

10.1186/gb-2013-14-6-r56 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 14 (6) ◽

Cited By ~ 78

Author(s):

Veronica Gregis ◽

Fernando Andrés ◽

Alice Sessa ◽

Rosalinda F Guerra ◽

Sara Simonini ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Reproductive Development ◽

Vegetative Phase ◽

Short Vegetative Phase

Download Full-text

PHOSPHORYLETHANOLAMINE CYTIDYLYLTRANSFERASE 1 modulates flowering in a florigen-independent manner by regulating SVP

Development ◽

10.1242/dev.193870 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 148 (1) ◽

pp. dev193870

Author(s):

Hendry Susila ◽

Zeeshan Nasim ◽

Katarzyna Gawarecka ◽

Ji-Yul Jung ◽

Suhyun Jin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽

Flowering Time ◽

Shoot Apical Meristem ◽

Apical Meristem ◽

Artificial Microrna ◽

Flowering Locus T ◽

Independent Manner ◽

Vegetative Phase ◽

Twin Sister ◽

Short Vegetative Phase

ABSTRACTPHOSPHORYLETHANOLAMINE CYTIDYLYLTRANSFERASE 1 (PECT1) regulates phosphatidylethanolamine biosynthesis and controls the phosphatidylethanolamine:phosphatidylcholine ratio in Arabidopsis thaliana. Previous studies have suggested that PECT1 regulates flowering time by modulating the interaction between phosphatidylcholine and FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT), a florigen, in the shoot apical meristem (SAM). Here, we show that knockdown of PECT1 by artificial microRNA in the SAM (pFD::amiR-PECT1) accelerated flowering under inductive and even non-inductive conditions, in which FT transcription is almost absent, and in ft-10 twin sister of ft-1 double mutants under both conditions. Transcriptome analyses suggested that PECT1 affects flowering by regulating SHORT VEGETATIVE PHASE (SVP) and GIBBERELLIN 20 OXIDASE 2 (GA20ox2). SVP misexpression in the SAM suppressed the early flowering of pFD::amiR-PECT1 plants. pFD::amiR-PECT1 plants showed increased gibberellin (GA) levels in the SAM, concomitant with the reduction of REPRESSOR OF GA1-3 levels. Consistent with this, GA treatment had little effect on flowering time of pFD::amiR-PECT1 plants and the GA antagonist paclobutrazol strongly affected flowering in these plants. Together, these results suggest that PECT1 also regulates flowering time through a florigen-independent pathway, modulating SVP expression and thus regulating GA production.

Download Full-text

Litchi Flowering is Regulated by Expression of Short Vegetative Phase Genes

Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science ◽

10.21273/jashs04316-17 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 143 (2) ◽

pp. 101-109

Author(s):

Jiaqi Hu ◽

Hye-Ji Kim ◽

Houbin Chen ◽

Biyan Zhou

Keyword(s):

Low Temperature ◽

Expression Patterns ◽

Bioinformatic Analysis ◽

Molecular Characteristics ◽

Vegetative Phase ◽

Expression Levels ◽

Relative Expression ◽

Short Vegetative Phase ◽

Relative Expression Level

Short vegetative phase (SVP), a MADS-domain transcription factor, was shown to act as a repressor of flowering in arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Although the role of SVPs in flowering is well characterized in the model plant arabidopsis, little is known in evergreen woody litchi (Litchi chinensis). In this study, three litchi SVP homologs (LcSVP1, LcSVP2, and LcSVP3) were cloned, and the bioinformatic analysis of the LcSVPs was carried out to identify their molecular characteristics. Their expression patterns in the apical meristem (AM) during the transition from vegetative to reproductive phase were studied under natural flowering inductive conditions. Also, brassinosteroid (BR) treatment under low temperature conditions was performed to elucidate the role of LcSVPs in the BR-regulated flowering. The results showed that LcSVPs belonged to the MADS superfamily. LcSVP relative expression levels in AMs of the early- and late-flowering cultivars showed decreasing trends with the transition from vegetative to reproductive growth. Under low temperature condition, relative expression levels of LcSVP1, LcSVP2, and LcSVP3 in AMs or panicle primordia showed decreasing trends, whereas those in the AMs of the BR-treated trees remained at relatively high levels. Relative expression analysis of the litchi homolog, flowering locus t 1 (LcFT1), showed that the BR-treated leaves had lower relative expression level than nontreated control leaves. The findings suggest that LcSVPs act as repressors involved in flowering in natural conditions and the BR-regulated flowering.

Download Full-text

Short Vegetative Phase-Like MADS-Box Genes Inhibit Floral Meristem Identity in Barley

PLANT PHYSIOLOGY ◽

10.1104/pp.106.090860 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 143 (1) ◽

pp. 225-235 ◽

Cited By ~ 98

Author(s):

Ben Trevaskis ◽

Million Tadege ◽

Megan N. Hemming ◽

W. James Peacock ◽

Elizabeth S. Dennis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Floral Meristem ◽

Mads Box ◽

Mads Box Genes ◽

Vegetative Phase ◽

Floral Meristem Identity ◽

Short Vegetative Phase ◽

Meristem Identity

Download Full-text

Leaf-Like Sepals Induced by Ectopic Expression of a SHORT VEGETATIVE PHASE (SVP)-Like MADS-Box Gene from the Basal Eudicot Epimedium sagittatum

Frontiers in Plant Science ◽

10.3389/fpls.2016.01461 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 7 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Zhineng Li ◽

Shaohua Zeng ◽

Yanbang Li ◽

Mingyang Li ◽

Erik Souer

Keyword(s):

Ectopic Expression ◽

Mads Box ◽

Vegetative Phase ◽

Short Vegetative Phase ◽

Mads Box Gene ◽

Basal Eudicot ◽

Epimedium Sagittatum

Download Full-text

MicroRNA396-Targeted SHORT VEGETATIVE PHASE Is Required to Repress Flowering and Is Related to the Development of Abnormal Flower Symptoms by the Phyllody Symptoms1 Effector

PLANT PHYSIOLOGY ◽

10.1104/pp.15.00307 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 168 (4) ◽

pp. 1702-1716 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

Chiao-Yin Yang ◽

Yu-Hsin Huang ◽

Chan-Pin Lin ◽

Yen-Yu Lin ◽

Hao-Chun Hsu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vegetative Phase ◽

Abnormal Flower ◽

Short Vegetative Phase

Download Full-text

Age-Related Resistance in Arabidopsis thaliana Involves the MADS-Domain Transcription Factor SHORT VEGETATIVE PHASE and Direct Action of Salicylic Acid on Pseudomonas syringae

Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions ◽

10.1094/mpmi-07-17-0172-r ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 30 (11) ◽

pp. 919-929 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Daniel C. Wilson ◽

Christine J. Kempthorne ◽

Philip Carella ◽

David K. Liscombe ◽

Robin K. Cameron

Keyword(s):

Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽

Transcription Factor ◽

Salicylic Acid ◽

Disease Resistance ◽

Antimicrobial Agent ◽

Pseudomonas Syringae ◽

Antibiofilm Activity ◽

Vegetative Phase ◽

Short Vegetative Phase ◽

Age Related

Arabidopsis thaliana exhibits a developmentally regulated disease-resistance response known as age-related resistance (ARR), a process that requires intercellular accumulation of salicylic acid (SA), which is thought to act as an antimicrobial agent. ARR is characterized by enhanced resistance to some pathogens at the late adult-vegetative and reproductive stages. While the transition to flowering does not cause the onset of ARR, both processes involve the MADS-domain transcription factor SHORT VEGETATIVE PHASE (SVP). In this study, ARR-defective svp mutants were found to accumulate reduced levels of intercellular SA compared with wild type in response to Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato. Double mutant and overexpression analyses suggest that SVP and SOC1 (SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CO 1) act antagonistically, such that SVP is required for ARR to alleviate the negative effects of SOC1 on SA accumulation. In vitro, SA exhibited antibacterial and antibiofilm activity at concentrations similar to those measured in the intercellular space during ARR. In vivo, P. syringae pv. tomato formed biofilm-like aggregates in young susceptible plants, while this was drastically reduced in mature ARR-competent plants, which accumulate intercellular SA. Collectively, these results reveal a novel role for the floral regulators SVP and SOC1 in disease resistance and provide evidence that SA acts directly on pathogens as an antimicrobial agent. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2017 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .

Download Full-text