Epidemiological profile of respiratory pathogens causing acute respiratory infections across the Peninsular Malaysia

2017 ◽  
Vol 06 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ammar Afif
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infections ◽  
Respiratory Pathogens ◽  
Epidemiological Profile

scholarly journals Changing Epidemiology of Acute Respiratory Infections in Under-Two Children in Dhaka, Bangladesh

2022 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karine Vidal ◽  
Shamima Sultana ◽  
Alberto Prieto Patron ◽  
Irene Salvi ◽  
Maya Shevlyakova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infections ◽  
Respiratory Pathogens ◽  
Prevention Measures

Objectives: Risk factors for acute respiratory infections (ARIs) in community settings are not fully understood, especially in low-income countries. We examined the incidence and risk factors associated with ARIs in under-two children from the Microbiota and Health study.Methods: Children from a peri-urban area of Dhaka (Bangladesh) were followed from birth to 2 years of age by both active surveillance of ARIs and regular scheduled visits. Nasopharyngeal samples were collected during scheduled visits for detection of bacterial facultative respiratory pathogens. Information on socioeconomic, environmental, and household conditions, and mother and child characteristics were collected. A hierarchical modeling approach was used to identify proximate determinants of ARIs.Results: Of 267 infants, 87.3% experienced at least one ARI episode during the first 2 years of life. The peak incidence of ARIs was 330 infections per 100 infant-years and occurred between 2 and 4 months of age. Season was the main risk factor (rainy monsoon season, incidence rate ratio [IRR] 2.43 [1.92–3.07]; cool dry winter, IRR 2.10 [1.65–2.67] compared with hot dry summer) in the first 2 years of life. In addition, during the first 6 months of life, young maternal age (<22 years; IRR 1.34 [1.01–1.77]) and low birth weight (<2,500 g; IRR 1.39 [1.03–1.89]) were associated with higher ARI incidence.Conclusions: Reminiscent of industrialized settings, cool rainy season rather than socioeconomic and hygiene conditions was a major risk factor for ARIs in peri-urban Bangladesh. Understanding the causal links between seasonally variable factors such as temperature, humidity, crowding, diet, and ARIs will inform prevention measures.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of Respiratory Pathogens among Elderly Nursing Home Residents with Acute Respiratory Infections in Corsica, France, 2013–2017

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shirley Masse ◽  
Lisandru Capai ◽  
Alessandra Falchi
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Home ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Nursing Home Residents ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
Sudden Onset ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Influenza B ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infections ◽  
Respiratory Pathogens

Background. The current study aims to describe the demographical and clinical characteristics of elderly nursing home (NH) residents with acute respiratory infections (ARIs) during four winter seasons (2013/2014–2016/2017), as well as the microbiological etiology of these infections. Methods. Seventeen NHs with at least one ARI resident in Corsica, France, were included. An ARI resident was defined as a resident developing a sudden onset of any constitutional symptoms in addition to any respiratory signs. Nasopharyngeal swabs from ARI residents were screened for the presence of 21 respiratory agents, including seasonal influenza viruses. Results. Of the 107 ARI residents enrolled from NHs, 61 (57%) were positive for at least one of the 21 respiratory pathogens. Forty-one (38.3%) of the 107 ARI residents had influenza: 38 (92%) were positive for influenza A (100% A(H3N2)) and three (8%) for influenza B/Victoria. Axillary fever (≥38°C) was significantly more common among patients infected with influenza A(H3N2). Conclusion. The circulation of seasonal respiratory viruses other than influenza A(H3N2) seems to be sporadic among elderly NH residents. Investigating the circulation of respiratory viruses in nonwinter seasons seems to be important in order to understand better the dynamic of their year-round circulation in NHs.

Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Viral Acute Respiratory Infections in the United States: Protocol of a Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neia Prata Menezes ◽  
Jowanna Malone ◽  
Carrie Lyons ◽  
Kechna Cadet ◽  
Lorraine Dean ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Ethnic Disparities ◽  
The United States ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infections ◽  
Respiratory Pathogens ◽  
Racial And Ethnic Disparities ◽  
Structural Inequities ◽  
Viral Respiratory

Abstract Background: The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has highlighted consistent inequities in the risk of infection, severity of disease, or mortality across racial and ethnic minority populations in the United States and beyond. Although novel, SARS-CoV-2 shares commonalities in transmission dynamics with other viral respiratory pathogens where similar disparities in morbidity and mortality have been documented. However, to date, there has not been a systematic review of disparities in viral respiratory pathogens. In response, this review aims to synthesize data on racial and ethnic disparities in morbidity and mortality due to viral acute respiratory infections (ARI) other than SARS-CoV-2. In particular, this review will focus on understanding structural health and social factors outside of race and ethnicity driving these disparities in the United States.Methods: We will conduct a systematic review of studies published between January 1, 2002 and September 30, 2020 that capture data on racial and ethnic disparities associated with increased incidence, disease severity, risk of hospitalization and/or death in viral ARI in the United States. Data characterizing individual-, community-, and structural-level factors associated with these disparities will be abstracted to better understand the underlying structural inequities contributing to racial disparities in ARI. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines will be used with reviewers employing COVIDENCE to conduct two independent rounds of title/abstract and full text reviews for all articles. A built-in tool in COVIDENCE will be used for data abstraction.Discussion: Findings from this systematic review will shed light on patterns of racial and ethnic disparities in viral ARI in the United States. Leveraging these data can support predictive studies of the differential impacts of COVID-19 across the United States as well as adaptive intervention strategies mitigating structural inequities, including structural racism, driving both incidence and disparities in marginalized communities. Moreover, data emerging from this review may reignite pandemic preparedness focused on vulnerable communities given structural inequities, facilitating improved future pandemic responses to novel or endemic viral respiratory pathogens in the United States.Systematic review registration: PROSPERO CRD42020219771

Adenoviruses and acute respiratory infections in children living in an equatorial area of Brazil

2015 ◽  
Vol 144 (2) ◽  
pp. 355-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. R. PEREIRA ◽  
C. M. G. D. FLORÊNCIO ◽  
J. C. MARINHEIRO ◽  
C. M. HÁRSI ◽  
F. E. A. MOURA
Keyword(s):  
Acute Respiratory Infection ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Immunofluorescence Assay ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infections ◽  
Respiratory Pathogens ◽  
Hexon Gene ◽  
As Species ◽  
Circulation Patterns ◽  
The City

SUMMARYHuman adenoviruses (HAdVs) are important respiratory pathogens, found in 2–27% of acute respiratory infection (ARI) cases. Few studies have analysed the diversity of species and types of HAdVs associated with ARI in Brazil. The purpose of this study was to determine the circulation patterns of the different HAdV species and respective types associated with ARI in children in the city of Fortaleza, northeastern Brazil. HAdVs were screened by an indirect immunofluorescence assay, and subsequently identified as species and types by PCR and sequencing of the hexon gene (HVR1–HVR6). Between 2001 and 2013, a total of 290 HAdV strains were detected, 190 of which were identified as belonging to the HAdV-B, -C and -E species. Seven types of HAdVs circulated in the studied population during the analysed period, with HAdV-3 being predominant.

scholarly journals Acute Respiratory Infections Epidemiology and Etiology in Hospitalized Moroccan Children under 15 Years

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nassima Ighid ◽  
Soumaya El Akil ◽  
Mohamed Aghrouch ◽  
Nadia Hassaini ◽  
El Hassan Izaabel
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infections ◽  
Respiratory Pathogens ◽  
Serious Infections ◽  
Great Insight ◽  
Moroccan Children ◽  
Genetic Detection ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Syncytial Virus

Introduction: Acute respiratory infections (ARIs) are serious infections with multiple etiologies. Viral etiology is mostly common worldwide, especially in pediatric patients.Materials and methods: This study aims to describe epidemiology and etiology of ARIs in Moroccan children under 15 years old, through patients’ clinical features analysis and genetic detection of pathogens within 84 patients admitted to Hassan II regional hospital of Agadir, Morocco, from September 2015 to September 2016. Detection of pathogens was carried out using Multiplex real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) with Fast Track Diagnostic kit respiratory pathogens 21 plus.Results: Results gave 61.9% of positive viral and bacterial infections and 19.23% of co-infections by at least two pathogens. Males were mainly infected and the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) was the most common in 53.8% of patients. Children aged less than 2 years were the most infected by ARIs pathogens, and especially by RSV virus. Concerning seasonality pattern, all ARIs pathogens showed a seasonal spreading mainly in winter.Conclusion: This study summarizes a great insight about epidemiology and etiology of ARIs among children under 15 years in Morocco. We observed that ARIs constituted a real health problem in infancy and the viruses are the commonest cause.

Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Factors in Childhood Acute Respiratory Infections in a Peninsular Malaysia Health District

1989 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 219-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Vasanthamala ◽  
JT Arokiasamy
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Early Treatment ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Present Knowledge ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infections ◽  
Traditional Beliefs ◽  
Attitude And Practice ◽  
Knowledge Attitude And Practice

This study compares the knowledge, attitudes and practice of mothers in two ethnic groups with regard to acute respiratory infections (ARI) in their child. Most had traditional beliefs as to the cause of ARI with only a minority knowing the causes. Most mothers were aware of the effect of frequent attacks of ARI on the health status of their child and of the importance of early treatment. Reasons for their becoming worried during an episode of ARI in their child indicated that problems of distance, transportation and arrangements for care of their other children predominate. A large proportion of the respondents felt that their present knowledge of ARI was inadequate and were thus interested in obtaining more information.

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