scholarly journals A Sero-epidemiological Survey of Brucellosis, Q-Fever and Leptospirosis in Livestock and Humans and Associated Risk Factors in Kajiado County- Kenya

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nakeel MJ ◽  
Arimi SM
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Q Fever ◽  
Epidemiological Survey ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

scholarly journals Epidemiological Survey of Toxoplasma gondii and Associated Risk Factors in Ruminant Species of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province of Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Abid Ali ◽  
Talha Omer ◽  
Asad Ullah ◽  
Abdul Haleem ◽  
Maryam Naseem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Epidemiological Survey ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Toxoplasma Infection ◽  
Ruminant Species ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Toxoplasma infection is one of the most common human parasitic diseases. During 2018-2020, in the rural areas of three districts of Pakistan, we surveyed a total of 451 animals, belonging to different asymptomatic ruminant species, to determine the prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii antibodies. We used ELISA assay as well as recorded some associated risk factors contributing to its transmission. IgM antibodies were detected in 17% and IgG in 13.4% of ruminant samples with the highest percentage, 10% for IgM and 8.6% for IgG in sheep. A strong significant association was found between antibodies and different species (IgM, χ 2 = 29 .280, P = .000 , and IgG, χ 2 = 22.580 , P = .000 ), respectively. Infection with T. gondii seems mainly associated with different geographic features and the presence of cats in the environment, low hygiene water systems and livestock that are mostly dependent on outdoor drinking and grazing. There was no significant association between IgM and age grouping ( χ 2 = 6.660 , P = 0.840 nor for IgG ( χ 2 = 8.136 , P = 0.43 ). The results of this study may be considered the starting point to promote the awareness about parasitic infections in ruminants in Pakistan in order to prevent this infection from further spreading.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of Coxiella burnetii among ewes and associated risk factors in Constantine (Northeastern Algeria)

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 2383
Author(s):  
S. HIRECHE ◽  
A. AGABOU ◽  
Ο. BOUAZIZ
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Coxiella Burnetii ◽  
Q Fever ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
Pest Infestation ◽  
Domestic Ruminants ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Surveillance Programs ◽  
Eastern Algeria ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Q fever is a zoonotic disease caused by the rickettsia-like Coxiella burnetii and leads to abortions and decreased reproductive performances in domestic ruminants. A serological survey, using ELISA test, was conducted to assess the prevalence of this infection in 226 ewes belonging to 39 flocks localized in Constantine (North-eastern Algeria). A pretested questionnaire has been submitted to farmers/shepherds to collect information related to relevant risk factors. Results revealed the presence of C. burnetii antibodies in 12.4% (95% CI: 8.08%−16.72%) of individual animals while 35.9% (95% CI: 21.20%−52.82%) of sampled flocks accounted at least one seropositive ewe. Significant causative associations were observed for origin of animals (χ2=14.29, P=0.001), vaccination against enterotoxaemia (χ2=12.12, P=0.002) and pox (χ2=5.30, P=0.025), access to the farm by foreign visitors (χ2=10.87, P=0.004), farmers/shepherds’ visits to other farms (χ2=6.31, P=0.021), disinfection frequency (χ2=7.98, P=0.046), pest infestation within farms (χ2=9.55, P=0.049) and abortion history (χ2=5.54, P=0.029). This recorded prevalence of Coxiella infection would indicate a possible responsibility of this agent in causing abortion and reproductive failures in the tested flocks. Implementing active surveillance programs and further investigations using more accurate analyses and including large samples of more animal species from several provinces are needed to eluci date the real occurrence and dynamics of this infection in the national livestock.

Q Fever Serological Survey and Associated Risk Factors in Veterinarians, Southern Belgium, 2013

2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 959-966 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Dal Pozzo ◽  
L. Martinelle ◽  
P. Léonard ◽  
B. Renaville ◽  
R. Renaville ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Q Fever ◽  
Serological Survey ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Gambling Among Adults in Germany: Prevalence, Disorder and Risk Factors

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 249-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Sassen ◽  
Ludwig Kraus ◽  
Gerhard Bühringer ◽  
Alexander Pabst ◽  
Daniela Piontek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Pathological Gambling ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Epidemiological Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sports Events ◽  
Intervention Measures ◽  
Common Activity ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Aims: The present study aimed at analyzing prevalence of participation in gambling activities, gambling disorder as well as associated risk factors in the German adult population. Methods: Data came from the 2009 Epidemiological Survey of Substance Abuse (ESA) using a mixed-mode design including questionnaires, telephone and Internet interviews. The cross-sectional random sample consisted of 8,006 subjects aged 18 to 64 years. The response rate was 50.1 %. Results: With a 12-month prevalence of 48.0 %, gambling was a common activity differing by gender (males: 53.9 %, females: 42.0 %). Prevalence of pathological gambling (PG; past 12 months) was estimated at 0.3 % and at 1.1 % for subthreshold pathological gambling (SPG). Various socioeconomic characteristics were related to SPG and/or PG. Male gender and non-German nationality have shown the greatest risk factors for PG. Moreover, gambling frequency and multiple gambling participation were positive associated with SPG and PG. A strong association was found for preference for Internet gambling with SPG and for preference for gaming machines and sports events with PG. Conclusions: The results indicate that SPG was genuinely different from gambling without endorsing any DSM-IV criteria calling for more research on the clinical relevance and classification of this subgroup. Furthermore, findings highlight the need for prevention and intervention measures that target subjects with specific socioeconomic and gambling-related risk factors.

scholarly journals Epidemiological Survey on Porcine Cysticercosis in Nay Pyi Taw Area, Myanmar

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tin Aye Khaing ◽  
Saw Bawm ◽  
Soe Soe Wai ◽  
Ye Htut ◽  
Lat Lat Htun
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Taenia Solium ◽  
Epidemiological Survey ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
Meat Inspection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Porcine Cysticercosis ◽  
Husbandry System ◽  
Questionnaire Surveys ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Cross-sectional surveys were conducted to determine the prevalence and associated risk factors of Taenia solium cysticercosis in pigs within Nay Pyi Taw area, Myanmar. Meat inspection in three slaughterhouses, ELISA test, and questionnaire surveys were conducted in this study. Three hundred pigs were inspected in slaughterhouses and 364 pigs were randomly selected and examined from 203 households from three townships in Nay Pyi Taw area. The prevalence of porcine cysticercosis in meat inspection was 23.67% (71/300). Seroprevalence of T. solium cysticercosis in pigs in the study area was 15.93% (58/364). Significant associated risk factors with T. solium cysticercosis were gender (OR=3.0; 95% CI=1.7–5.4), increased age (OR=2.3; 95% CI=1.2–4.2), husbandry system (OR=5.1; 95% CI=2.4–11.2), feed type (OR=16.9; 95% CI=2.3–124.3), not using anthelmintics in pigs (OR=11.9; 95% CI=5.0–28.5), not using anthelmintics in owner (OR=2.5; 95% CI=1.4–4.4), no hand-washing before feeding (OR=31.5; 95% CI=4.3–230.9), and pork consumption of owner (OR=37.4; 95% CI=9.0–156.1) in the study area. This is the first report of porcine cysticercosis in Myanmar.

scholarly journals Coxiella burnetii (Q fever) infection in dairy cattle and associated risk factors in Latvia

2017 ◽  
Vol 145 (10) ◽  
pp. 2011-2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. BORODUSKE ◽  
J. TROFIMOVA ◽  
J. KIBILDS ◽  
U. PAPULE ◽  
M. SERGEJEVA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Coxiella Burnetii ◽  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Q Fever ◽  
Scan Statistics ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Risk Area ◽  
Increase Risk ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

SUMMARYThe purpose of this study was to describe prevalence and spatial distribution of Coxiella burnetii infections in dairy cow sheds in Latvia and to investigate risk factors contributing to C. burnetii infections. Blood serum samples from abortion cases from 1010 sheds have been tested by ELISA for the presence of C. burnetii antibodies and bulk tank milk (BTM) samples from 252 sheds have been tested by real time polymerase chain reaction and ELISA for the presence of C. burnetii DNA and antibodies. Prevalence of C. burnetii antibody-positive sheds in cases of abortion was 13·4%. A total of 10·7% and 13·2% of dairy cow sheds tested positive for the presence of C. burnetii DNA and antibodies in BTM, respectively. Two distinct areas of clustering of test-positive dairy cattle sheds were identified by spatial scan statistics of abortion cases and randomly sampled BTM samples. Three factors were identified as significantly contributing to the risk of C. burnetii DNA presence in BTM – number of cattle in shed (>200 animals/shed) (OR 3·93), location of the shed within risk area in Northern Latvia (OR 8·29) and for the first time, purchasing cattle from abroad has been shown to significantly increase risk (OR 2·68) of C. burnetii infection in dairy cows in Latvia.

scholarly journals Q Fever: Seroprevalence, Risk Factors in Slaughter Livestock and Genotypes of Coxiella burnetii in South Africa

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 258
Author(s):  
Maruping Mangena ◽  
Nomakorinte Gcebe ◽  
Rian Pierneef ◽  
Peter N. Thompson ◽  
Abiodun A. Adesiyun
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Coxiella Burnetii ◽  
Q Fever ◽  
Farm Workers ◽  
Reproductive Disorders ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
Game Animals

Q fever is a neglected zoonosis in South Africa, causing significant losses in livestock and game animals through reproductive disorders. However, there are limited studies on the extent of Coxiella burnetii infections in livestock in South Africa. Further, there is also lack of knowledge about the types of C. burnetii strains that are currently circulating in the country. Therefore, a cross-sectional, abattoir-based study was conducted to determine the seroprevalence of C. burnetii and associated risk factors, and to characterize C. burnetii strains from slaughter livestock at red meat abattoirs in Gauteng, South Africa. Of the 507 animals tested, 6.9% (95% CI: 4.9–9.5%) were positive for antibodies against C. burnetii. The seroprevalence was 9.4% (31/331) in cattle, 4.3% (3/69) in sheep, and 0.9% (1/107) in pigs. Out of the 63 tissue samples from 35 seropositive animals including material from two sheep aborted fetuses from Mangaung district (Free State province), 12.7% (8/63) tested positive by IS1111 PCR. Genotyping of the eight PCR-positive tissues from eight animals by MLVA revealed two novel genotypes, not available in Coxiella MLVA databases. It is concluded that slaughter animals pose a risk of exposing abattoir and farm workers to C. burnetii in South Africa.

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