scholarly journals Epidemiological Survey on Porcine Cysticercosis in Nay Pyi Taw Area, Myanmar

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tin Aye Khaing ◽  
Saw Bawm ◽  
Soe Soe Wai ◽  
Ye Htut ◽  
Lat Lat Htun
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Taenia Solium ◽  
Epidemiological Survey ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
Meat Inspection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Porcine Cysticercosis ◽  
Husbandry System ◽  
Questionnaire Surveys ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Cross-sectional surveys were conducted to determine the prevalence and associated risk factors of Taenia solium cysticercosis in pigs within Nay Pyi Taw area, Myanmar. Meat inspection in three slaughterhouses, ELISA test, and questionnaire surveys were conducted in this study. Three hundred pigs were inspected in slaughterhouses and 364 pigs were randomly selected and examined from 203 households from three townships in Nay Pyi Taw area. The prevalence of porcine cysticercosis in meat inspection was 23.67% (71/300). Seroprevalence of T. solium cysticercosis in pigs in the study area was 15.93% (58/364). Significant associated risk factors with T. solium cysticercosis were gender (OR=3.0; 95% CI=1.7–5.4), increased age (OR=2.3; 95% CI=1.2–4.2), husbandry system (OR=5.1; 95% CI=2.4–11.2), feed type (OR=16.9; 95% CI=2.3–124.3), not using anthelmintics in pigs (OR=11.9; 95% CI=5.0–28.5), not using anthelmintics in owner (OR=2.5; 95% CI=1.4–4.4), no hand-washing before feeding (OR=31.5; 95% CI=4.3–230.9), and pork consumption of owner (OR=37.4; 95% CI=9.0–156.1) in the study area. This is the first report of porcine cysticercosis in Myanmar.

scholarly journals Risk factors associated with observed clinical lumpy skin disease in Ethiopia

2010 ◽  
Vol 138 (11) ◽  
pp. 1657-1666 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. GARI ◽  
A. WARET-SZKUTA ◽  
V. GROSBOIS ◽  
P. JACQUIET ◽  
F. ROGER
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Skin Disease ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Climatic Zones ◽  
Climate Zones ◽  
Lumpy Skin Disease ◽  
Questionnaire Surveys ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

SUMMARYA cross-sectional study based on a questionnaire survey was conducted to determine the distribution of lumpy skin disease (LSD) and associated risk factors in three main agro-climatic zones of Ethiopia. A total of 330 questionnaire surveys were collected from 44 peasant associations (PA) distributed in 15 districts. Across agro-climate zones, herd-level LSD prevalence in the midland agro-climate was significantly higher 55·2% [95% confidence interval (CI) 47·5–62·6] than in highland and lowland agro-climate zones. Overall observed LSD prevalence at animal-level was 8·1% (95% CI 7·3–8·9) and observed mortality was 2·12% (95% CI 1·73–2·6). The odds ratio (OR) of LSD occurrence in midland vs. highland and lowland vs. highland zones was 3·86 (95% CI 2·61–5·11) and 4·85 (95% CI 2·59–7·1), respectively. Significantly high risk of LSD occurrence was associated with communal grazing and watering management (OR 4·1, 95% CI 2·02–6·18) and introduction of new cattle (OR 8·5, 95% CI 6·0–11·0). Our findings describe the distribution of LSD in different agro-climates in Ethiopia along with associated risk factors, and can help shed light on the epidemiology of LSD in other African countries suffering from the disease.

Gambling Among Adults in Germany: Prevalence, Disorder and Risk Factors

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 249-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Sassen ◽  
Ludwig Kraus ◽  
Gerhard Bühringer ◽  
Alexander Pabst ◽  
Daniela Piontek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Pathological Gambling ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Epidemiological Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sports Events ◽  
Intervention Measures ◽  
Common Activity ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Aims: The present study aimed at analyzing prevalence of participation in gambling activities, gambling disorder as well as associated risk factors in the German adult population. Methods: Data came from the 2009 Epidemiological Survey of Substance Abuse (ESA) using a mixed-mode design including questionnaires, telephone and Internet interviews. The cross-sectional random sample consisted of 8,006 subjects aged 18 to 64 years. The response rate was 50.1 %. Results: With a 12-month prevalence of 48.0 %, gambling was a common activity differing by gender (males: 53.9 %, females: 42.0 %). Prevalence of pathological gambling (PG; past 12 months) was estimated at 0.3 % and at 1.1 % for subthreshold pathological gambling (SPG). Various socioeconomic characteristics were related to SPG and/or PG. Male gender and non-German nationality have shown the greatest risk factors for PG. Moreover, gambling frequency and multiple gambling participation were positive associated with SPG and PG. A strong association was found for preference for Internet gambling with SPG and for preference for gaming machines and sports events with PG. Conclusions: The results indicate that SPG was genuinely different from gambling without endorsing any DSM-IV criteria calling for more research on the clinical relevance and classification of this subgroup. Furthermore, findings highlight the need for prevention and intervention measures that target subjects with specific socioeconomic and gambling-related risk factors.

scholarly journals Sero-prevalence and Risk Factors for Hepatitis A Virus Infection among Pregnant Women at the Samandin Medical Center, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Rouamba Poda Somda Hortense ◽  
Ouoba Jean Bienvenue ◽  
Traoré Kuan Abdoulaye ◽  
Ouoba Bruno Lalidia ◽  
Kagambéga Asséta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Epidemiological Survey ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Point Of Care Test

Aims: This study determined prevalence and possible risk factors associated with HAV infection and compared Immunochromatography (IgG) rapid point of care test with standard ELISA test for diagnosis. Study Design:  Cross sectional epidemiological survey. Place and duration of Study: The study was carried out at the Samandin Medical Center (Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso), from July 2017 to December 2017. Methodology: A total of 180 pregnant women were recruited at the Samandin Medical Center. Anti-HAV IgM and IgG detection tests were performed using AccuDiag™ HAV ELISA kit (Calabasas, CA, USA) and SD BIOLINE HAV IgG/IgM Rapid Diagnostic Test (Gyeonggi-do, Korea). Results: IgG anti-HAV antibodies (AccuDiag Elisa) were found with a prevalence of 88.9% (160/180) and Anti-HAV IgM were 1.1% (2/180). Of the 160 AccuDiag HAV IgG positive samples, 44.4% (80/180) tested positive using SD BIOLINE Diagnostics HAV IgG. Regarding risk factors, 86.9% (86/99) of the IgG positive women were illiterate; 90.7% (39/43) lived mostly in peripheral areas; 89.2% (74/83) were household workers and 88.6% (93/105) used fountain water. Conclusion: Our results demonstrated poor agreement between the assays tested, which are consistent with previous reports demonstrating significant variability between HAV ELISA and RDT HAV. Moreover, the detection of HAV specific IgM antibodies in two asymptomatic pregnant women signaled the current circulation of HAV in this area.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of Brucellosis and its Associated Risk Factors in Sheep and Goat in the Farms and Slaughter House in Mymensingh, Bangladesh

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laboni Akhter ◽  
Md Ariful Islam ◽  
Susanto Das ◽  
Mst Minara Khatun ◽  
Md Ariful Islam
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Human Brucellosis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Slaughter House ◽  
Husbandry System ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
Reservoir Hosts ◽  
Female Sheep ◽  
Male Sheep

A cross sectional study was performed to determine the seroprevalence and risk factors of brucellosis in sheep and goat on the farms, Veterinary Teaching Hospital of Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), and animal slaughter house of Mymensingh, Bangladesh. Sera were prepared after collecting blood samples from sheep (n=101) and goat (n=113). Risk factors relating to brucellosis were determined considering the variables generated from a questionnaire. These variables included animal’s age, sex, pregnancy, and husbandry system. The sera were tested by Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT) for the detection of Brucella abortus specific antibodies in sheep and goat. The results revealed that 5.94% (n=6/101) sera of sheep, and 6.19% (n=7/113) sera of goat were positive for brucellosis. Higher prevalence of brucellosis was recorded in female sheep (7.54%) and goat (6.49%) as compared to male sheep (4.16%) and goat (5.50%), respectively. The sheep and goat above two years of age showed higher prevalence of brucellosis (8.69% and 6.45%) as compared to other ages. No risk factor was found to be statistically significant (p>0.05). Data of this study suggest that sheep and goat could be the reservoir hosts of brucellosis that might constitute a hurdle in the controlling of bovine and human brucellosis. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/mh.v3i1.19778 Microbes and Health, June 2014. 3(1): 25-28

scholarly journals Epidemiological survey of human echinococcosis in east Gansu, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuai Yan ◽  
Dong Wang ◽  
Junrui Zhang ◽  
Xiaojin Mo ◽  
Yu Feng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Epidemiological Survey ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Gansu Province ◽  
Information Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
South West ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
Human Echinococcosis

AbstractEchinococcosis is endemic in pastoral regions of south, west and mid-Gansu province, China. The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of echinococcosis in east Gansu, and analyze its associated risk factors. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2011 in 12 villages of Xiaonangou township, Huan County in east Gansu province by ultrasound abdominal scan and auxiliary serotest, and a prevalence surveillance study from 2008 to 2014 was performed in one villages by ultrasonography screening. Questionnaire information analysis indicates that the risk factors are in association with the gender, age, and education level. The cross-sectional survey found a cystic echinococcosis prevalence of 2.21% (107/4837). Higher prevalence was seen in females (χ2 = 4.198, P < 0.05), older ages (> 60 years) (χ2trend = 96.30, P < 0.05), and illiterates (χ2 = 90.101, P < 0.05). Prevalence surveillance showed changing profile of 3.35% in 2011 to 0.88% (1/113) in 2014.

scholarly journals Characterization of Neonatal Infections by Gram-Negative Bacilli and Associated Risk Factors, Havana, Cuba

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 219-229
Author(s):  
Arlenis Oliva ◽  
Yenisel Carmona ◽  
Elizabeth de La C. López ◽  
Roberto Álvarez ◽  
Meiji Soe Aung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Empirical Therapy ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Neonatal Infections ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Prolonged Stay ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
Resistance Rates

Infections represent an important problem in neonates because of the high mortality. An increase in neonatal infections has been found in Cuban hospitals in recent years. The aim of this study was to provide evidence on the clinical and microbiological behavior of Gram-negative bacilli that cause neonatal infections in hospitals of Havana, Cuba. It was carried out as a descriptive cross-sectional investigation from September 2017 to July 2018 in The Tropical Medicine Institute “Pedro Kouri” (IPK). Sixty-one Gram-negative bacilli isolated from neonates with infections in six Gyneco-Obstetric and Pediatric Hospitals of Havana were analyzed for their species and antimicrobial susceptibility. Late-onset infections were more common than early-onset ones and included urinary tract infection in the community (87%) and sepsis in hospitals (63.3%). Catheter use (47%) and prolonged stay (38%) were the most frequent risk factors. Species of major pathogens were Escherichia coli (47%) and Klebsiella spp. (26%). The isolated Gram-negative bacilli showed high resistance rates to third-generation cephalosporins, ciprofloxacin and gentamicin, while being more susceptible to carbapenems, fosfomycin, colistin and amikacin. The present study revealed the clinical impact of Gram-negative bacilli in neonatology units in hospitals of Havana. Evaluation of antimicrobial susceptibilities to the isolates from neonates is necessary for selection of appropriate empirical therapy and promotion of the rational antibiotic use.

scholarly journals Magnitude of spontaneous preterm birth and its associated factors among preterm birth in NICU wards in Asella Teaching and Referral Hospital, Asella, Oromia, Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (8) ◽  
pp. 030006052110346
Author(s):  
Techane Sisay Tuji ◽  
Addisu Dabi Wake ◽  
Gezahegn Badeg Adere ◽  
Aselefu Beka Wedajo ◽  
Batu Dekeba Obole ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Preterm Births ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Spontaneous Preterm Birth ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Bivariate Logistic Regression ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Objective To assess the prevalence of spontaneous preterm births and to identify the associated risk factors. Methods This single-centre cross-sectional study enrolled women that experienced a preterm birth as registered on the neonatal log-book between 30 December 2019 and 30 December 2020. A pre-tested structured checklist was used to collect data (sociodemographic characteristics; obstetric-related factors; medical history; and pregnancy-related factors). Bivariate logistic regression analyses were applied to identify factors associated with spontaneous preterm birth. A multivariate model identified significant independent risk factors. Results A total of 310 patients participated in the study. The prevalence of spontaneous preterm birth in this population was 67.1% (208 of 310; 95% confidence interval [CI] 61.5, 71.9). Patients without a partner (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.470, 95% CI 1.23, 4.42), patients residing in a rural area (AOR = 2.51, 95% CI 1.123, 5.513) and those with a history of PIH during their current pregnancy (AOR = 0.104, 95% CI 0.053, 0.014) were significantly more likely to have a spontaneous preterm birth. Conclusion The prevalence of spontaneous preterm birth in in this study was high. Healthcare providers and all stakeholders should focus on screening pregnant women at the risk of spontaneous preterm birth.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and associated risk factors in domestic pigs raised from Cuba

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julio César Castillo-Cuenca ◽  
Álvaro Martínez-Moreno ◽  
José Manuel Diaz-Cao ◽  
Angel Entrena-García ◽  
Jorge Fraga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Weaning Pigs ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

AbstractA cross-sectional study was carried out to determine the seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and associated risk factors in pigs in the largest pork-producing region in Cuba. Serum samples from 420 pigs, including 210 sows and 210 post-weaning pigs, were tested for antibodies against T. gondii using a commercial indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Anti-T. gondii antibodies were detected in 56 animals (13.3%, 95% CI: 10.1–16.6). A generalized estimating equations model revealed that the risk factors associated with higher seropositivity in pigs were altitude (higher in farm’s location < 250 m above sea level (masl) versus ≥ 250 masl) and age (higher in sows compared to post-weaning pigs). The results indicated that this protozoan parasite is widely distributed on pig farms in the study area, which is a public health concern since the consumption of raw or undercooked pork meat products containing tissue cysts is considered one of the main routes of T. gondii transmission worldwide. Control measures should be implemented to reduce the risk of exposure to T. gondii in pigs in Cuba.

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