Potential Indoor Air Exposures and Health Risks from Mercury Off-Gassing of Coal Potential Indoor Air Exposures and Health Risks from Mercury Off-Gassing of Coal

Abstract Women spend relatively more time in indoor conditions in developing countries. Exposure to various indoor air pollutants leads them to higher health risks according to Household air quality in which they reside. Particulate matter (PM) exposure with their exposure duration inside the household plays a significant role in women's Respiratory problems. We measured size segregated particulate matter concentrations in 63 residences at different locations. Respiratory dust depositions (RDDs) for 118 women in their different respiratory regions like head-airway (HD), tracheobronchial (TB), and alveolar (AL) region for the three PM size fractions (PM10, PM2.5 & PM1) were investigated. For different positions like Light exercise and the Sitting condition, RDD values found for AL region was 0.091 µgmin− 1 (SD: 0.067, 0.012–0.408) and 0.028 µgmin− 1 (SD: 0.021, 0.003–0.126) for PM10, 0.325 µgmin− 1 (SD: 0.254, 0.053–1.521) and 0.183 µgmin− 1 (SD: 0.143, 0.031–0.857) for PM2.5, 0.257 µgmin− 1 (SD: 0.197, 0.043–1.04) and 0.057 µgmin− 1 (SD: 0.044, 0.009–0.233) respectively for PM1 to females. RDDs values in the AL region significantly increases as PM10 (11%), PM2.5 (68%), and PM1 (21%), confirm that for women, the AL region is the most prominent affected zone by fine particles (PM2.5).

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Approaches for assessing health risks from complex mixtures in indoor air: a panel overview.

Environmental Health Perspectives ◽

10.1289/ehp.9195135 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 95 ◽

pp. 135-143 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

C J Henry ◽

L Fishbein ◽

W J Meggs ◽

N A Ashford ◽

P A Schulte ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Health Risks ◽

Indoor Air ◽

Complex Mixtures

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Inflammatory responses to acute elevations of carbon dioxide in mice

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/japplphysiol.00343.2017 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 123 (2) ◽

pp. 297-302 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Stephen R. Thom ◽

Veena M. Bhopale ◽

JingPing Hu ◽

Ming Yang

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Platelet Activation ◽

Health Risks ◽

Indoor Air ◽

Inflammatory Responses ◽

Distal Colon ◽

Vascular Damage ◽

Adverse Health Effects ◽

Circulating Microparticles ◽

High Concentrations

Health risks are described from elevated indoor air carbon dioxide (CO2), which often ranges from 1,000 to 4,000 ppm, but the mechanisms are unknown. Here, we demonstrate that mice exposed for 2 h to 2,000 or 4,000 ppm CO2exhibit, respectively, 3.4 ± 0.9-fold (SE, n = 6) and 4.1 ± 0.7-fold ( n = 10) elevations in circulating microparticles (MPs); neutrophil and platelet activation, and vascular leak in brain, muscle, and distal colon. Interleukin (IL)-1β content of MPs also increases after 2,000 ppm by 3.8 ± 0.6-fold ( n = 6) and after 4,000 ppm CO2by 9.3 ± 1.1-fold ( n = 10) greater than control. CO2–induced vascular damage is abrogated by treating mice with an antibody to IL-1β or an IL-1β receptor inhibitor. Injecting naïve mice with CO2-induced MPs expressing a protein found on mature neutrophils recapitulates vascular damage as seen with elevated CO2, and destruction of MPs in CO2-exposed mice abrogates vascular injuries without altering neutrophil or platelet activation. We conclude that environmentally relevant elevations of CO2trigger neutrophils to generate MPs containing high concentrations of IL-1β that cause diffuse inflammatory vascular injury.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Elevated levels of CO2are often found in indoor air and cause adverse health effects, but the mechanisms have not been identified. In a murine model, environmentally relevant levels of CO2were found to cause diffuse vascular damage because neutrophils are stimulated to produce microparticles that contain high concentrations of interleukin-1β.

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Indoor Air: Potential Health Risks Related to Residential Wood Smoke, as Determined under the Assumptions of the US EPA Risk Assessment Model

Indoor and Built Environment ◽

10.1159/000463230 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 92-97

Author(s):

Kirpal S. Sidhu ◽

John L. Hesse ◽

Arthur W. Bloomer

Keyword(s):

Risk Assessment ◽

Health Risks ◽

Indoor Air ◽

Assessment Model ◽

Wood Smoke ◽

Risk Assessment Model ◽

Potential Health ◽

The Us ◽

Us Epa

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Hygienic assessment of chemical composition of pollutants generated in various ways of consumption nicotine-containing product

Hygiene and Sanitation ◽

10.47470/0016-9900-2020-99-6-638-644 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 99 (6) ◽

pp. 638-644

Author(s):

Ekaterina V. Zaritskaya ◽

I. Sh. Yakubova ◽

A. Yu. Mikheeva ◽

L. A. Alikbaeva

Keyword(s):

Volatile Organic Compounds ◽

Organic Compounds ◽

Delivery System ◽

Health Risks ◽

Indoor Air ◽

Air Sampling ◽

Tobacco Products ◽

Air Samples ◽

Volatile Organic ◽

Unknown Composition

Introduction. Lack of studies proving or denying passive smoker health risks caused by electronic cigarettes prevented from introducing restrictive measures and considering them to be tobacco products as early as in 2013. Indoor air pollution by consumed nicotine-containing products in extra-low concentrations which could be detected using high-tech lab mass-spectrometry techniques was the object of study. Material and methods. “Unknown composition” air sampling was carried out in the process of simulation tests. Three types of tobacco products were used in the tests: tobacco cigarettes, electronic nicotine-delivery system (ENDS), battery-powered heat-not-burn tobacco cigarettes (IQOS) with tobacco sticks. “Unknown composition” air samples were analyzed for volatile organic compounds, medium volatile organic compounds, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (total and separately 16 priority PAHs, inorganic elements (Si, Pb, Cu, Cr, Ni). Sampling was carried out three times a day on separate days for each type of product and control, a total of 12 “unknown composition” air samples being collected. The study of “unknown composition” air samples was carried out at the accredited chemical-analytical center “Arbitrazh” of the D.I. Mendeleev Institute of Metrology (accreditation certificate РОСС RU.0001.510650).Results. A total number of 115 chemicals were determined, and among them, substances significant concentrations of which are most likely related to tobacco or nicotine consumption, as compared to control, and depend on the type of nicotine-containing product, were identified. Statistically significant concentration excess (р≤ 0.05), as compared to control, was seen for 27 chemicals in indoor air polluted by-products of consumed tobacco cigarettes; when using electronic nicotine-delivery system (ENDS) the excess (р≤ 0.05) was shown for 2 chemicals, i.e.: acenaphthylene and benz(a)perene, and when using heat-not-burn tobacco products (IQOS) the excess of studied chemical concentrations in comparison with control was not reported.Conclusion. Findings of comparative analysis of “unknown composition” air sampling give evidence that a much larger number of harmful chemicals at significantly exceeded concentrations (р≤ 0.05), including those causing human health risks, is released when smoking cigarettes, as compared to using ENDS or IQOS.

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Spatial Variations of Indoor Air Chemicals in an Apartment Unit and Personal Exposure of Residents

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph182111511 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (21) ◽

pp. 11511

Author(s):

Hironari Sakamoto ◽

Shigehisa Uchiyama ◽

Tomohiko Isobe ◽

Naoki Kunugita ◽

Hironao Ogura ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Air Quality ◽

Health Risk ◽

Formic Acid ◽

Indoor Air Quality ◽

Health Risks ◽

Indoor Air ◽

Chemical Compounds ◽

Personal Exposure ◽

Spatial Variations ◽

Living Room

Indoor air quality (IAQ) can greatly affect health in people spending much time indoors. However, the influence of IAQ on personal exposure to chemical compounds in Japan remains poorly investigated. Hence, this study aimed to clarify this influence thoroughly within one apartment. We surveyed the concentrations of 61 chemical compounds in the air in nine different spaces within an apartment unit, as well as the personal exposure of two residents in Japan. Using three kinds of diffusive samplers, this study was conducted continuously for 7 days in summer and winter. Health risks were evaluated by calculating the margin of exposure (MOE) using the measured concentrations. Some chemical concentrations showed large spatial variations and the personal exposure concentrations of these compounds also differed among residents. According to the calculated MOE, the chemicals with the highest health risk were acrolein, p-dichlorobenzene, and acetaldehyde in summer and acrolein, nitrogen dioxide, formic acid, p-dichlorobenzene, and benzene in winter. The IAQ of the house could be divided in two, and the IAQ in the space where residents spent much time (i.e., bedroom) highly affected each of the residents’ exposure. Investigating chemical concentrations in multiple spaces (including bedroom and living room) is necessary to understand the effect of IAQ on personal exposure.

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