Progress with the SAC Joint Venture Program for the Evaluation, Repair, Modification and Design of Welded Steel Moment Frame Structures

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Shepherd
Keyword(s):  
Joint Venture ◽  
Frame Structures ◽  
Moment Frame ◽  
Steel Moment Frame ◽  
Welded Steel

Earthquake Loss Estimation Methods for Welded Steel Moment-Frame Buildings

2003 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 365-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles A. Kircher
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
Joint Venture ◽  
Loss Estimation ◽  
Loss Functions ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Seismic Evaluation ◽  
Moment Frame ◽  
Steel Moment Frame ◽  
Welded Steel ◽  
Frame Buildings

This paper describes procedures that may be used by experienced structural engineers to develop earthquake damage and related loss functions for welded steel moment-frame (WSMF) buildings. The damage and loss functions are based on and compatible with the loss estimation methods of HAZUS, a technology developed by Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) for assessing regional impacts of earthquakes. The loss estimation procedures were developed by the SAC Steel Program as described in SAC Joint Venture Topical Report SAC/BD-99/13. These procedures form the basis for Appendix B of FEMA-351, Recommended Seismic Evaluation and Upgrade Criteria for Existing Welded Steel Moment-Frame Buildings. The procedures for developing damage and loss functions for WSMF building response are general in nature and applicable to WSMF buildings designed to different seismic criteria and having different connection details. Default values of damage and loss function parameters are provided for typical 3-story, 9-story, and 20-story WSMF buildings, designed for Los Angeles, Seattle, or Boston seismic criteria and having pre-Northridge, post-Northridge, or damaged pre-Northridge connection conditions.

Evaluating and Upgrading Welded Steel Moment-Frame Buildings Using FEMA-351

2003 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 317-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
John D. Hooper
Keyword(s):  
Earthquake Engineering ◽  
Joint Venture ◽  
Northridge Earthquake ◽  
Seismic Evaluation ◽  
Moment Frame ◽  
Steel Moment Frame ◽  
Welded Steel ◽  
Frame Design ◽  
Frame Buildings ◽  
Simplified Procedures

In July 2000, the SAC Joint Venture (a joint venture of the Structural Engineers Association of California, the Applied Technology Council, and California Universities for Research in Earthquake Engineering) prepared a series of recommendations regarding welded steel moment-frame design, evaluation, and upgrade procedures. FEMA-351, Recommended Seismic Evaluation and Upgrade Criteria for Existing Welded Steel Moment-Frame Buildings, was developed to evaluate the probable performance of existing steel moment-frame buildings in future earthquakes and to provide guidance or upgrading these buildings. The procedures introduced in FEMA-351 allow the determination of the level of confidence a structure will be able to achieve based on a specified performance objective, using simplified analytical methods. Simplified procedures for estimating the probable post-earthquake repair costs and nonstructural damage, based on the losses incurred in the 1994 Northridge earthquake, are presented as well. This paper provides a brief chapter-by-chapter overview of the information contained in FEMA-351 and emphasizes the performance evaluation procedures by stepping through the process using an example building.

A Model of Steel Frame for Simulating Connection Fractures

2010 ◽  
Vol 452-453 ◽  
pp. 469-472
Author(s):  
Hong Bo Liu ◽  
Long Jun Xu ◽  
Shuang Li ◽  
Yong Song Shao
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Damage ◽  
Steel Frame ◽  
Frame Structures ◽  
Steel Beams ◽  
Northridge Earthquake ◽  
Seismic Evaluation ◽  
Moment Frame ◽  
Steel Moment Frame ◽  
Welded Steel ◽  
Panel Zone

Following the 1994 Northridge earthquake, widespread damages were discovered in welded steel moment frame buildings. In order to accurately simulate the typical seismic damage of welded steel moment frame structures, a new simplified model is proposed for performing seismic evaluation of welded steel moment frame structures. In this model, the slabs effect is considered, as well as the effects of the slip between slabs and steel beams, deformation of panel zone and connection fractures. Fracture toughness demands were evaluated in terms of the mode I stress intensity factor. The model was employed in simulation of seismic damage of Blue Cross Building which experienced fractured connections in the Northridge earthquake. It indicates that the model can accurately predict the earthquake response of welded steel moment frame structures and estimate the level of damage. The approach proposed in this paper has important meaning to the research on seismic damage of steel frame which may experience fractured connections.

Seismic connection designs for new and existing steel moment frame structures

1998 ◽  
Vol 46 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jay Allen ◽  
Ralph M Richard ◽  
James Partridge
Keyword(s):  
Frame Structures ◽  
Moment Frame ◽  
Steel Moment Frame

Relative Performance of Kobe and Northridge WSMF Buildings

2006 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 1081-1101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce F. Maison ◽  
Kazuhiko Kasai ◽  
Yoji Ooki
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
The United States ◽  
Office Building ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Moment Frame ◽  
Moment Connections ◽  
Steel Moment Frame ◽  
Welded Steel ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Seismic Behaviors

Seismic behaviors of a five-story welded steel moment-frame (WSMF) office building in Kobe, Japan, and a six-story WSMF office building in Northridge, California, are compared. Both experienced earthquake damage (1995 Kobe and 1994 Northridge earthquakes, respectively). Computer models of the buildings are formulated, having the ability to simulate damage in terms of fractured moment connections. Analyses are conducted to assess building response during the earthquakes. The calibrated models are then analyzed using a suite of earthquake records to compare building performance under consistent demands. The Kobe building is found to be more rugged than the Northridge building. Analysis suggests it would experience much less damage than the Northridge building from shaking equivalent to 2,500-year earthquake for a generic Los Angeles site. Superior performance of the Kobe building is attributed to its relatively greater stiffness and strength. The results provide insight into the difference in seismic fragility expected for this class of mid-rise WSMF buildings in Japan and the United States.

The Performance of Bolted Slant Endplate Connections Subjected to Temperature Increase

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Zahmatkesh ◽  
E. Talebi
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Numerical Analysis ◽  
Elastic Field ◽  
Frame Structures ◽  
Moment Frame ◽  
Steel Moment Frame ◽  
Finite Element Software ◽  
Endplate Connections ◽  
Endplate Connection ◽  
Simple Modeling

In this paper the main goal is to evaluate the vertical and slant bolted endplate connections performance in steel moment frame structures under thermal effect in elastic field, and by a finite element software. the connections are simulated to complete and verify simple modeling of analytical and numerical analysis of the behavior of vertical and slant bolted endplate connections due to increase in temperature. The results that are obtained from performance of a vertical bolted endplate connection and a slant bolted endplate connection due to increase in temperature will be compared.

ASCE-41 and FEMA-351 Evaluation of E-Defense Collapse Test

2009 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 927-953 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce F. Maison ◽  
Kazuhiko Kasai ◽  
Gregory Deierlein
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Evaluation ◽  
Moment Frame ◽  
Steel Moment Frame ◽  
Welded Steel ◽  
Seismic Rehabilitation ◽  
Frame Building ◽  
Weak Beam ◽  
Beam Design ◽  
Safe Side ◽  
Computer Analyses

A welded steel moment-frame building is used to assess performance-based engineering guidelines. The full-scale four-story building was shaken to collapse on the E-Defense shake table in Japan. The collapse mode was a side-sway mechanism in the first story, which occurred in spite of a strong-column and weak-beam design. Computer analyses were conducted to simulate the building response during the experiment. The building was then evaluated using the Seismic Rehabilitation of Existing Buildings (ASCE-41) and Seismic Evaluation and Upgrade Criteria for Existing Welded Steel Moment-Frame Buildings (FEMA-351) for the collapse prevention performance level via linear and nonlinear procedures. The guidelines had mixed results regarding the characterization of collapse, and no single approach was superior. They mostly erred on the safe side by predicting collapse at shaking intensities less than that in the experiment. Recommendations are made for guideline improvements.

Overview of the U.S. Program for Reduction of Earthquake Hazards in Steel Moment-Frame Structures

2003 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen A. Mahin ◽  
James O. Malley ◽  
Ronald O. Hamburger ◽  
Michael Mahoney
Keyword(s):  
Guideline Development ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
The United States ◽  
Frame Structures ◽  
Earthquake Hazards ◽  
Steel Buildings ◽  
Moment Frame ◽  
Steel Moment Frame ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Design And Construction

Considerable research has been conducted worldwide to assess the unexpected damage to welded steel moment-frame buildings during the 1989 Loma Prieta, 1994 Northridge, and 1995 Hyogo-ken Nanbu earthquakes, as well as to find effective and economical remedies that can be incorporated into analysis, design, and construction practices. A major six-year program has been undertaken with the sponsorship of the U.S. Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) to synthesize and interpret the results of this research, and to conduct additional investigations to develop reliable, practical, and cost-effective guidelines for the design and construction of new steel moment-frame structures, as well as for the inspection, evaluation and repair or upgrading of existing ones. Topics investigated as part of this program include (1) performance of steel buildings in past earthquakes; (2) material properties and fracture issues; (3) joining and inspection; (4) connection performance; (5) system performance; (6) performance prediction and evaluation; and (7) social, economic, and political impacts. The project utilizes a performance-based engineering framework and addresses issues pertaining to various types of steel moment-resisting frames including those utilizing welded, bolted, and partially restrained connections. The guidelines are applicable to regions of low, medium, and high seismicity throughout the United States. This paper reviews the overall organization and management of this program of research, guideline development, training and peer evaluation, the scope of the investigations undertaken, and the general organization and contents of the guidelines developed.

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