Overview of the U.S. Program for Reduction of Earthquake Hazards in Steel Moment-Frame Structures

2003 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen A. Mahin ◽  
James O. Malley ◽  
Ronald O. Hamburger ◽  
Michael Mahoney
Keyword(s):  
Guideline Development ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
The United States ◽  
Frame Structures ◽  
Earthquake Hazards ◽  
Steel Buildings ◽  
Moment Frame ◽  
Steel Moment Frame ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Design And Construction

Considerable research has been conducted worldwide to assess the unexpected damage to welded steel moment-frame buildings during the 1989 Loma Prieta, 1994 Northridge, and 1995 Hyogo-ken Nanbu earthquakes, as well as to find effective and economical remedies that can be incorporated into analysis, design, and construction practices. A major six-year program has been undertaken with the sponsorship of the U.S. Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) to synthesize and interpret the results of this research, and to conduct additional investigations to develop reliable, practical, and cost-effective guidelines for the design and construction of new steel moment-frame structures, as well as for the inspection, evaluation and repair or upgrading of existing ones. Topics investigated as part of this program include (1) performance of steel buildings in past earthquakes; (2) material properties and fracture issues; (3) joining and inspection; (4) connection performance; (5) system performance; (6) performance prediction and evaluation; and (7) social, economic, and political impacts. The project utilizes a performance-based engineering framework and addresses issues pertaining to various types of steel moment-resisting frames including those utilizing welded, bolted, and partially restrained connections. The guidelines are applicable to regions of low, medium, and high seismicity throughout the United States. This paper reviews the overall organization and management of this program of research, guideline development, training and peer evaluation, the scope of the investigations undertaken, and the general organization and contents of the guidelines developed.

Seismic Design Guidelines and Provisions for Steel-Framed Buildings: FEMA 267/267A and 1997 AISC Seismic Provisions

2000 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 179-203
Author(s):  
James O. Malley ◽  
Charles J. Carter ◽  
C. Mark Saunders
Keyword(s):  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Steel Structures ◽  
Design Guidelines ◽  
Northridge Earthquake ◽  
Earthquake Hazards ◽  
Steel Buildings ◽  
Moment Frame ◽  
Steel Moment Frame ◽  
Welded Steel ◽  
Frame Buildings

One of the important surprises of the Northridge earthquake of January 17, 1994, was the widespread and unanticipated brittle fracture of welded steel beam-to-column connections. Although no casualties or collapses occurred during the Northridge earthquake as a result of these connection failures, and many WSMF buildings were not damaged at all, a wide spectrum of brittle connection damage did occur, ranging from minor cracking to completely severed columns. This paper summarizes two of the most important documents that have been developed in response to the damage suffered to steel moment frame buildings in the Northridge earthquake. The first, FEMA 267, Interim Guidelines: Evaluation, Repair, Modification and Design of Welded Steel Moment Frame Structures, was generated from studies undertaken as part of a project initiated by the U.S. Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) to reduce the earthquake hazards posed by steel moment-resisting frame buildings. The second document addressed in this paper is the 1997 edition of the American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC) Seismic Provisions for Structural Steel Buildings (commonly referred to as the AISC Seismic Provisions) that incorporates the new information generated by the FEMA-sponsored project and other investigations on the seismic performance of steel structures, and has been adopted by reference into the 2000 International Building Code (IBC).

Seismic connection designs for new and existing steel moment frame structures

1998 ◽  
Vol 46 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jay Allen ◽  
Ralph M Richard ◽  
James Partridge
Keyword(s):  
Frame Structures ◽  
Moment Frame ◽  
Steel Moment Frame

Relative Performance of Kobe and Northridge WSMF Buildings

2006 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 1081-1101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce F. Maison ◽  
Kazuhiko Kasai ◽  
Yoji Ooki
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
The United States ◽  
Office Building ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Moment Frame ◽  
Moment Connections ◽  
Steel Moment Frame ◽  
Welded Steel ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Seismic Behaviors

Seismic behaviors of a five-story welded steel moment-frame (WSMF) office building in Kobe, Japan, and a six-story WSMF office building in Northridge, California, are compared. Both experienced earthquake damage (1995 Kobe and 1994 Northridge earthquakes, respectively). Computer models of the buildings are formulated, having the ability to simulate damage in terms of fractured moment connections. Analyses are conducted to assess building response during the earthquakes. The calibrated models are then analyzed using a suite of earthquake records to compare building performance under consistent demands. The Kobe building is found to be more rugged than the Northridge building. Analysis suggests it would experience much less damage than the Northridge building from shaking equivalent to 2,500-year earthquake for a generic Los Angeles site. Superior performance of the Kobe building is attributed to its relatively greater stiffness and strength. The results provide insight into the difference in seismic fragility expected for this class of mid-rise WSMF buildings in Japan and the United States.

The Performance of Bolted Slant Endplate Connections Subjected to Temperature Increase

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Zahmatkesh ◽  
E. Talebi
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Numerical Analysis ◽  
Elastic Field ◽  
Frame Structures ◽  
Moment Frame ◽  
Steel Moment Frame ◽  
Finite Element Software ◽  
Endplate Connections ◽  
Endplate Connection ◽  
Simple Modeling

In this paper the main goal is to evaluate the vertical and slant bolted endplate connections performance in steel moment frame structures under thermal effect in elastic field, and by a finite element software. the connections are simulated to complete and verify simple modeling of analytical and numerical analysis of the behavior of vertical and slant bolted endplate connections due to increase in temperature. The results that are obtained from performance of a vertical bolted endplate connection and a slant bolted endplate connection due to increase in temperature will be compared.

scholarly journals Earthquake Shaking Hazard Estimates and Exposure Changes in the Conterminous United States

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. S201-S220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kishor S. Jaiswal ◽  
Mark D. Petersen ◽  
Ken Rukstales ◽  
William S. Leith
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Critical Infrastructure ◽  
Ground Motions ◽  
Earthquake Hazard ◽  
The United States ◽  
Annual Rate ◽  
Earthquake Hazards ◽  
Earthquake Ground Motions ◽  
The U.S

A large portion of the population of the United States lives in areas vulnerable to earthquake hazards. This investigation aims to quantify population and infrastructure exposure in places within the conterminous United States that are subjected to varying levels of earthquake ground motions by systematically analyzing the last four cycles of the U.S. Geological Survey's (USGS) National Seismic Hazard Models (published in 1996, 2002, 2008 and 2014). Using the 2013 LandScan data, we estimate the number of people who are exposed to potentially damaging ground motions (peak ground accelerations at or above 0.1 g). At least 28 million (~9% of the total population) may experience 0.1 g level of shaking at relatively frequent intervals [annual rate of 1 in 72 years or 50% probability of exceedance (PE) in 50 years], 57 million (~18% of the total population) may experience this level of shaking at moderately frequent intervals (annual rate of 1 in 475 years or 10% PE in 50 years), and 143 million (~46% of the total population) may experience such shaking at relatively infrequent intervals (annual rate of 1 in 2,475 years or 2% PE in 50 years). We also show that there are a significant number of critical infrastructure facilities located in high-earthquake-hazard areas (modified Mercalli intensity ≥ VII with moderately frequent recurrence interval).

scholarly journals Hope for the Best, Prepare for the Worst: Response of Tall Steel Buildings to the ShakeOut Scenario Earthquake

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 375-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Muto ◽  
Swaminathan Krishnan
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Steel Buildings ◽  
Moment Frame ◽  
Steel Moment Frame ◽  
Damage Scenario ◽  
San Gabriel Valley ◽  
San Fernando ◽  
Simulated Ground Motions ◽  
Available Information

This work represents an effort to develop one plausible realization of the effects of the scenario event on tall steel moment-frame buildings. We have used the simulated ground motions with three-dimensional nonlinear finite element models of three buildings in the 20-story class to simulate structural responses at 784 analysis sites spaced at approximately 4 km throughout the San Fernando Valley, the San Gabriel Valley, and the Los Angeles Basin. Based on the simulation results and available information on the number and distribution of steel buildings, the recommended damage scenario for the ShakeOut drill was 5% of the estimated 150 steel moment-frame structures in the 10–30 story range collapsing, 10% red-tagged, 15% with damage serious enough to cause loss of life, and 20% with visible damage requiring building closure.

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