scholarly journals Light Refraction is Nonlinear Optimisation

2021 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 142-163
Author(s):  
Jiakun Liu & Xu-Jia Wang
Keyword(s):  
Light Refraction ◽  
Nonlinear Optimisation

Measuring battery discharge characteristics for accurate UAV endurance estimation

2020 ◽  
Vol 124 (1277) ◽  
pp. 1099-1113
Author(s):  
L. Mariga ◽  
I. Silva Tiburcio ◽  
C.A. Martins ◽  
A.N. Almeida Prado ◽  
C. Nascimento
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Estimation Error ◽  
Flight Time ◽  
Time Estimates ◽  
Discharge Rates ◽  
Nonlinear Optimisation ◽  
Time Calculation ◽  
Discharge Profile ◽  
Battery Discharge ◽  
Battery Discharge Characteristics

ABSTRACTThe increasing use of unmanned aerial vehicles in areas such as rescue, mapping, and transportation have made it necessary to study more accurate techniques for calculating flight time estimates. Such calculations require knowing the battery discharge profile. Simplified flight time calculation methods provide data with uncertainties as they are based solely on manufacturer datasheet information. This study presents a setup to measure the battery discharge curve using a LabVIEW interface with a low-cost acquisition system. The acquired data passes through a nonlinear optimisation algorithm to find the battery coefficients, which enables the more precise estimation of its range and endurance. The great advantage of this model is that it makes it possible to predict how the battery will discharge at different rates using just one experimental curve. The methodology was applied to three different batteries and the model was validated with different discharge rates in a controlled environment, which resulted in endurance lower than 3.0% for most conditions and voltage estimation error lower than 3.0% in operational voltage. The work also presented a methodology for estimating cruise time based on the current used during each flight stage.

scholarly journals Light Path Model of Fiber Optic Liquid Level Sensor Considering Residual Liquid Film on the Wall

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Zhijun Zhang ◽  
Shiwei Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Film ◽  
Fiber Optic ◽  
Glass Tube ◽  
Path Model ◽  
Liquid Level ◽  
Residual Liquid ◽  
Light Refraction ◽  
Special Cases ◽  
Level Sensor ◽  
Liquid Level Sensor

The working principle of the refractive-type fiber optic liquid level sensor is analyzed in detail based on the light refraction principle. The optic path models are developed in consideration of common simplification and the residual liquid film on the glass tube wall. The calculating formulae for the model are derived, constraint conditions are obtained, influencing factors are discussed, and the scopes and skills of application are analyzed through instance simulations. The research results are useful in directing the correct usage of the fiber optic liquid level sensor, especially in special cases, such as those involving viscous liquid in the glass tube monitoring.

scholarly journals NUMERICAL IMAGING USING NONLINEAR OPTIMISATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Serigne Diouf ◽  
Mamadou M. Diop ◽  
Alassane Sy
Keyword(s):  
Nonlinear Optimisation

Underwater Optical 3-D Reconstruction of Photometric Stereo Considering Light Refraction and Attenuation

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Hao Fan ◽  
Lin Qi ◽  
Changhao Chen ◽  
Yuan Rao ◽  
Linghui Kong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photometric Stereo ◽  
Light Refraction

LOW VACUUM PHOTOELECTRIC MANOMETER BASED ON LIGHT REFRACTION CONTROL IN PMI-2 SENSOR

2020 ◽  
Vol 74 ◽  
pp. 136-143
Author(s):  
V. A. Korotchenko ◽  
◽  
V. E. Skvortsov ◽  
V. K. Bazylev ◽  
V. V. Praded ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Light Refraction

Application of mathematical tools to improve the design and operation of activated sludge plants. Case study: the new WWTP of Galindo-Bilbao Part I: Optimum design

2001 ◽  
Vol 43 (7) ◽  
pp. 157-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Rivas ◽  
E. Ayesa ◽  
A. Galarza ◽  
A. Salterain
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Optimum Design ◽  
Mathematical Formulation ◽  
Mathematical Programming Problem ◽  
Minimum Volume ◽  
Plant Model ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Nonlinear Optimisation

This paper presents a mathematical formulation for the optimum design of a new activated sludge WWTP. The WWTP optimum design problem has been formulated as a Mathematical Programming problem, which is solved through a nonlinear optimisation method. The plant model has been based on the ASM1. The minimum volume of the biological reactors and the minimum total cost (including construction and exploitation costs) have been considered as optimisation criteria. Some practical results are also included, using as a case study the design of the second stage of the Galindo-Bilbao WWTP.

Fractal and Polarization Properties of Light Scattering Using Microcrystalline Pharmaceutical Aggregates

2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-106
Author(s):  
Jennifer Aldama ◽  
Zhenqi Shi ◽  
Carlos Ortega-Zúñiga ◽  
Rodolfo J. Romañach ◽  
Sergiy Lysenko
Keyword(s):  
Fractal Dimension ◽  
Light Scattering ◽  
Drug Concentration ◽  
Specular Reflection ◽  
Scattered Light ◽  
Strong Dependence ◽  
Single Scattering ◽  
Structural Morphology ◽  
Light Refraction ◽  
Measurement Protocol

Fractal and polarization analysis of diffusively scattered light is applied to determine the complex relationship between fractal dimension of structural morphology and concentration of chemically active ingredients in two pharmaceutical mixture systems including a series of binary mixtures of acetaminophen in lactose and three multicomponent blends with a proprietary active ingredient. A robust approach is proposed to identify and filter out multiple- and single-scattering components of scattering indicatrix. The fractal dimension extracted from scattering field reveals complex structural details of the sample, showing strong dependence on low-dose drug concentration in the blend. Low-angle diffraction shows optical “halo” patterns near the angle of specular reflection caused by light refraction in microcrystalline aggregates. Angular measurements of diffuse reflection demonstrate noticeable dependence of Brewster's angle on drug concentration. It is shown that the acetaminophen microcrystals produce scattered light depolarization due to their optical birefringence. The light scattering measurement protocol developed for diffusively scattered light by microcrystalline pharmaceutical compositions provides a novel approach for the pattern recognition, analysis and classification of materials with a low concentration of active chemical ingredients.

The effect of high temperature on kernel dimensions and the type and occurrence of kernel damage in rice

1991 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 485 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Tashiro ◽  
IF Wardlaw
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Temperature Treatment ◽  
High Temperature Treatment ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Starch Granules ◽  
Endosperm Tissue ◽  
Razor Blade ◽  
Light Refraction ◽  
Different Types

Rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. Calrose) growing at 27/22�C was either transferred to day/night temperatures ranging from 24/19 to 39/34�C 7days after heading and held at these temperatures until maturity, or transferred to a temperature of 36/31�C for 8 day periods at regular intervals commencing from heading. Kernel dimensions were measured directly and the types of kernel damage at maturity were characterized by direct viewing under the light microscope of intact and sectioned kernels, or by scanning electron microscopy of the exposed surface of kernels cut transversely with a razor blade. Kernel thickness was reduced most by high temperature treatments commencing 12 days after heading, but other kernel dimensions (length and width) were most sensitive to high temperature earlier in development. Sterility and pathenocarpy were most evident when temperature treatments commenced at heading (approximately 2 days before anthesis) and were greatest at the highest temperature (39/34�C). Abortive and opaque kernels were most evident when the high temperature commenced 4 days after heading and were also most numerous at the highest temperature tested. From observations on the morphology of the kernels it appears that temperatures above 27/22�C can interfere with the early stages of cell division and development in the endosperm. Chalky endosperm tissue occurred in several forms depending on both the temperature level and the timing of the temperature treatment. White-core kernels were only evident at a temperature of 27/22�C. White-back kernels were most numerous at 36/31�C and when the high temperature treatment commenced 16 days after heading. Milky-white kernels were found in all but the lowest temperature treatment (24/19�C), with a peak at 36/31�C and this type of damage was most evident when the high temperature treatment commenced 12 days after heading. Differences in endosperm cellular morphology were observed between the different types of damage, and in accord with other published data the chalky appearance was associated with the development of numerous air spaces between loosely packed starch granules and a change in light refraction.

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