scholarly journals Extreme Rainfall Events in the Southwest of Rio Grande do Sul (Brazil) and Its Association with the Sandization Process

2019 ◽  
Vol 08 (04) ◽  
pp. 441-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio Sanches ◽  
Roberto Verdum ◽  
Gilberto Fisch ◽  
Sidnei L. Bohn Gass ◽  
Vinícius M. Rocha
Author(s):  
Emanuele B. Manke ◽  
Claudia F. A. Teixeira-Gandra ◽  
Rita de C. F. Damé ◽  
André B. Nunes ◽  
Maria C. C. Chagas Neta ◽  
...  

ABSTRACT Although several studies have evaluated the intensity-duration-frequency relationships of extreme rainfall events, these relationships under different seasonal conditions remain relatively unknown. Thus, this study aimed to determine whether the intensity-duration-frequency relationships obtained seasonally from the rainfall records in the winter and summer represent the maximum rainfall events for the city of Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil. Pluviographic data from 1982 to 2015 were used to create two seasonal series: one for the summer from December 21 to March 20 and the other for the winter from June 21 to September 22. These seasonal relationships were compared with the annual pluviographic data. The intensity, duration, and frequency relationships obtained from the summer rain data adequately represented the maximum rainfall in Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil. The maximum intensity values of rainfall obtained from the relationship of intensity, duration, and frequency for the winter did not adequately encapsulate the occurrence of rain with greater intensities.


GEOgraphia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (47) ◽  
pp. 97
Author(s):  
Andrey Luis Binda ◽  
Roberto Verdum

Resumo: Areais são feições notáveis na paisagem dos campos da campanha gaúcha. Embora inicialmente tratadas como desertos, a gênese dos areais são antes decorrentes do clima úmido atual, principalmente da ação de chuvas torrenciais como elemento disparador dos processos de arenização. Esses processos são altamente dinâmicos no tempo e no espaço, de tal modo que os areais apresentam expansão/retração, dependendo, substancialmente, do regime de chuvas (excesso, redução ou ausência). Nesse sentido, visa-se, no presente trabalho apresentar a importância da classificação dos anos/meses-padrão como subsídio para o reconhecimento de eventos pluviométricos extremos, em área afetada por processos de arenização, no sudoeste do estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Os resultados apontam que os anos-padrão são categoricamente atrelados ao aumento do número de dias com chuva, que ensejam o aumento/redução dos totais anuais. Ao longo dos anos, notam-se sucessões de anos-padrão chuvosos/secos, caracterizando períodos marcadamente relacionados ao aumento/redução dos totais pluviométricos. Mensalmente, as chuvas também apresentam elevada variabilidade. Contudo, meses-padrão chuvosos e secos ocorreram em maior frequência, demonstrando que pode ocorrer intensificação nos processos de arenização. Isso ocorre quando um mês-padrão seco é sucedido por outro chuvoso, interferindo, sobretudo, na cobertura vegetal herbácea predominante sobre as formações superficiais e os solos no Pampa.Palavras-chave:   EXTREME RAINFALL EVENTS CLASSIFICATION ON AREA AFFECTED BY SANDIZATION PROCESSES IN  SOUTHWESTERN OF RIO GRANDE DO SUL STATE, BRAZILAbstract: Sand spots are remarkable features in the landscape of the southern Brazil grasslands. Although initially treated as deserts, the genesis of the sand deposits is due to the current humid climate, mainly from the action of torrential rains as a triggering element of the sandization processes. These processes are highly dynamic in the time and the space scales, so that the sand deposits presents expansion/retraction, depending substantially on the rainfall regime (excess, reduction or absence). In this sense, the objective of this paper is to present the importance of the classification of the standard-years/months as a basis for the recognition of extreme rainfall events on an area affected by sandization processes in the southwestern of Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. The results indicate that the standard-years classification are categorically associated of the increase in the number of rainy days, which induce the increase/reduction of annual totals. Over the years, there have been successions of rainy/dry standard-years, characterizing periods markedly related to the increase/reduction of total precipitation. Rainfall also presents high variability on a monthly basis. However, rainy and dry standard-months occurred more frequently, demonstrating that intensification may occur in the sandization processes. This occurs when a dry standard-month is followed by a rainy one, interfering mostly in the herbaceous vegetation on the surface formations and soils of grassland.Keywords: standard-years classification; standard-months classification; rainy days; rainfall variability.  CLASSIFICATION DES ÉVÉNEMENTS PLUVIOMÉTRIQUES EXTRÊMES DANS LA ZONE AFFECTÉE PAR LES PROCÉDÉS D’ARÉNISATION DANS LE SUD-OUEST DE RIO GRANDE DO SULRésumé: Les sables sont des caractéris humide actuel, principalement à cause de l’action des pluies torrentielles comme déclencheur des processus d’arénisation. Ces processus sont très dynamiques dans le temps et dans l’espace, de telle sorte que les sables présentent une expansion/rétraction, en fonction, considérablement, du régime pluviométrique (excès, réduction ou absence). En ce sens là, le but de cet article est de présenter l’importance de classer les années/mois standard comme une subvention pour la reconnaissance des événements pluviométriques extrêmes, dans une zone affectée par des processus d’arénisation, dans le sud-ouest de l’État de Rio Grande do Sul. les résultats indiquent que les années standard sont catégoriquement connecté à l’augmentation du nombre de jours de pluie, ce qui rendre possible une augmentation/réduction des totaux annuels.Au fil des ans, des successions d’années standard pluvieuses/sèches ont été notées, caractérisant des périodes nettement liées à l’augmentation/la diminution des totaux pluviométriques. Mensuellement, les précipitations présentent également une grande variabilité. Cependant, les mois pluvieux et secs standard se sont produits plus fréquemment, ce qui montre que l’intensification des processus d’arénisation peut se produire. Cela se produit lorsqu’un mois sec standard est suivi d’un autre mois pluvieux, interférant principalement dans la végétation herbacée prédominante sur les formations superficielles et les sols de la Pampa. tiques notables du paysage rural de la campagne du Rio Grande do Sul. Cepandant initialement traitée comme un désert, la genèse des sables est plutôt grâce au climatMots clés: Années-standard; mois-standard; jours avec de la pluie; variabilité des précipitations


2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanúcia Schumacher ◽  
Mateus Da Silva Teixeira

ABSTRACT. The relationship between stability indices and extreme daily rainfall over state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, is studied, as well as the main differences between extreme and ordinary rainfall events. A total...Keywords: rainfall forecasting, atmospheric instability, composites, correlation. RESUMO. A relação entre os índices de instabilidade e a chuva extrema sobre o estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, é estudada neste trabalho, bem como as principais diferenças entre eventos comuns e extremos de chuva diária...Palavras-chave: previsão de chuva, instabilidade atmosférica, compostos, correlação.


2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
M Welly

Many people in Indonesia calculate design rainfall before calculating the design flooddischarge. The design rainfall with a certain return period will eventually be convertedinto a design flood discharge by combining it with the characteristics of the watershed.However, the lack of a network of rainfall recording stations makes many areas that arenot hydrologically measured (ungauged basin), so it is quite difficult to know thecharacteristics of rain in the area concerned. This study aims to analyze thecharacteristics of design rainfall in Lampung Province. The focus of the analysis is toinvestigate whether geographical factors influence the design rainfall that occurs in theparticular area. The data used in this study is daily rainfall data from 15 rainfallrecording stations spread in Lampung Province. The method of frequency analysis usedin this study is the Gumbel method. The research shows that the geographical location ofan area does not have significant effect on extreme rainfall events. The effect of risingearth temperatures due to natural exploitation by humans tends to be stronger as a causeof extreme events such as extreme rainfall.Keywords: Influence, geographical, factors, extreme, rainfall.


2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 413 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Becker Nunes ◽  
Gilson Carlos Da Silva

ABSTRACT. The eastern region of Santa Catarina State (Brazil) has an important history of natural disasters due to extreme rainfall events. Floods and landslides are enhancedby local features such as orography and urbanization: the replacement of natural surface coverage causing more surface runoff and, hence, flooding. Thus, studies of this type of events – which directly influence life in the towns – take on increasing importance. This work makes a quantitative analysis of occurrences of extreme rainfall events in the eastern and northern regions of Santa Catarina State in the last 60 years, through individual analysis, considering the history of floods ineach selected town, as well as an estimate through to the end of century following regional climate modeling. A positive linear trend, in most of the towns studied, was observed in the results, indicating greater frequency of these events in recent decades, and the HadRM3P climate model shows a heterogeneous increase of events for all towns in the period from 2071 to 2100.Keywords: floods, climate modeling, linear trend. RESUMO. A região leste do Estado de Santa Catarina tem um importante histórico de desastres naturais ocasionados por eventos extremos de precipitação. Inundações e deslizamentos de terra são potencializados pelo relevo acidentado e pela urbanização das cidades da região: a vegetação nativa vem sendo removida acarretando um maior escoamento superficial e, consequentemente, em inundações. Desta forma, torna-se de suma importância os estudos acerca deste tipo de evento que influencia diretamente a sociedade em geral. Neste trabalho é realizada uma análise quantitativa do número de eventos severos de precipitação ocorridos nas regiões leste e norte de Santa Catarina dos últimos 60 anos, por meio de uma análise pontual, considerandoo histórico de inundações de cada cidade selecionada, além de uma projeção para o fim do século de acordo com modelagem climática regional. Na análise dos resultados observou-se uma tendência linear positiva na maioria das cidades, indicando uma maior frequência deste tipo de evento nas últimas décadas, e o modelo climático HadRM3P mostra um aumento heterogêneo no número de eventos para todas as cidades no período de 2071 a 2100.Palavras-chave: inundações, modelagem climática, tendência linear.


2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arturo Ruiz-Luna ◽  
Claudia Martínez-Peralta ◽  
Patricia P. B. Eichler ◽  
Leonardo R. Teixeira ◽  
Montserrat Acosta-Morel ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anil Deo ◽  
Savin S. Chand ◽  
Hamish Ramsay ◽  
Neil J. Holbrook ◽  
Simon McGree ◽  
...  

AbstractSouthwest Pacific nations are among some of the worst impacted and most vulnerable globally in terms of tropical cyclone (TC)-induced flooding and accompanying risks. This study objectively quantifies the fractional contribution of TCs to extreme rainfall (hereafter, TC contributions) in the context of climate variability and change. We show that TC contributions to extreme rainfall are substantially enhanced during active phases of the Madden–Julian Oscillation and by El Niño conditions (particularly over the eastern southwest Pacific region); this enhancement is primarily attributed to increased TC activity during these event periods. There are also indications of increasing intensities of TC-induced extreme rainfall events over the past few decades. A key part of this work involves development of sophisticated Bayesian regression models for individual island nations in order to better understand the synergistic relationships between TC-induced extreme rainfall and combinations of various climatic drivers that modulate the relationship. Such models are found to be very useful for not only assessing probabilities of TC- and non-TC induced extreme rainfall events but also evaluating probabilities of extreme rainfall for cases with different underlying climatic conditions. For example, TC-induced extreme rainfall probability over Samoa can vary from ~ 95 to ~ 75% during a La Niña period, if it coincides with an active or inactive phase of the MJO, and can be reduced to ~ 30% during a combination of El Niño period and inactive phase of the MJO. Several other such cases have been assessed for different island nations, providing information that have potentially important implications for planning and preparing for TC risks in vulnerable Pacific Island nations.


2011 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 1913-1921 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mateus da Silva Teixeira ◽  
Prakki Satyamurty

Abstract A new approach to define heavy and extreme rainfall events based on cluster analysis and area-average rainfall series is presented. The annual frequency of the heavy and extreme rainfall events is obtained for the southeastern and southern Brazil regions. In the 1960–2004 period, 510 (98) and 466 (77) heavy (extreme) rainfall events are identified in the two regions. Monthly distributions of the events closely follow the monthly climatological rainfall in the two regions. In both regions, annual heavy and extreme rainfall event frequencies present increasing trends in the 45-yr period. However, only in southern Brazil is the trend statistically significant. Although longer time series are necessary to ensure the existence of long-term trends, the positive trends are somewhat alarming since they indicate that climate changes, in terms of rainfall regimes, are possibly under way in Brazil.


Weather ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 61 (7) ◽  
pp. 211-211
Author(s):  
Nick Baker

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