scholarly journals RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INSTABILITY INDICES AND EXTREME RAINFALL IN THE STATE OF RIO GRANDE DO SUL, BRAZIL

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanúcia Schumacher ◽  
Mateus Da Silva Teixeira

ABSTRACT. The relationship between stability indices and extreme daily rainfall over state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, is studied, as well as the main differences between extreme and ordinary rainfall events. A total...Keywords: rainfall forecasting, atmospheric instability, composites, correlation. RESUMO. A relação entre os índices de instabilidade e a chuva extrema sobre o estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, é estudada neste trabalho, bem como as principais diferenças entre eventos comuns e extremos de chuva diária...Palavras-chave: previsão de chuva, instabilidade atmosférica, compostos, correlação.

Author(s):  
Emanuele B. Manke ◽  
Claudia F. A. Teixeira-Gandra ◽  
Rita de C. F. Damé ◽  
André B. Nunes ◽  
Maria C. C. Chagas Neta ◽  
...  

ABSTRACT Although several studies have evaluated the intensity-duration-frequency relationships of extreme rainfall events, these relationships under different seasonal conditions remain relatively unknown. Thus, this study aimed to determine whether the intensity-duration-frequency relationships obtained seasonally from the rainfall records in the winter and summer represent the maximum rainfall events for the city of Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil. Pluviographic data from 1982 to 2015 were used to create two seasonal series: one for the summer from December 21 to March 20 and the other for the winter from June 21 to September 22. These seasonal relationships were compared with the annual pluviographic data. The intensity, duration, and frequency relationships obtained from the summer rain data adequately represented the maximum rainfall in Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil. The maximum intensity values of rainfall obtained from the relationship of intensity, duration, and frequency for the winter did not adequately encapsulate the occurrence of rain with greater intensities.


2019 ◽  
Vol 08 (04) ◽  
pp. 441-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio Sanches ◽  
Roberto Verdum ◽  
Gilberto Fisch ◽  
Sidnei L. Bohn Gass ◽  
Vinícius M. Rocha

GEOgraphia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (47) ◽  
pp. 97
Author(s):  
Andrey Luis Binda ◽  
Roberto Verdum

Resumo: Areais são feições notáveis na paisagem dos campos da campanha gaúcha. Embora inicialmente tratadas como desertos, a gênese dos areais são antes decorrentes do clima úmido atual, principalmente da ação de chuvas torrenciais como elemento disparador dos processos de arenização. Esses processos são altamente dinâmicos no tempo e no espaço, de tal modo que os areais apresentam expansão/retração, dependendo, substancialmente, do regime de chuvas (excesso, redução ou ausência). Nesse sentido, visa-se, no presente trabalho apresentar a importância da classificação dos anos/meses-padrão como subsídio para o reconhecimento de eventos pluviométricos extremos, em área afetada por processos de arenização, no sudoeste do estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Os resultados apontam que os anos-padrão são categoricamente atrelados ao aumento do número de dias com chuva, que ensejam o aumento/redução dos totais anuais. Ao longo dos anos, notam-se sucessões de anos-padrão chuvosos/secos, caracterizando períodos marcadamente relacionados ao aumento/redução dos totais pluviométricos. Mensalmente, as chuvas também apresentam elevada variabilidade. Contudo, meses-padrão chuvosos e secos ocorreram em maior frequência, demonstrando que pode ocorrer intensificação nos processos de arenização. Isso ocorre quando um mês-padrão seco é sucedido por outro chuvoso, interferindo, sobretudo, na cobertura vegetal herbácea predominante sobre as formações superficiais e os solos no Pampa.Palavras-chave:   EXTREME RAINFALL EVENTS CLASSIFICATION ON AREA AFFECTED BY SANDIZATION PROCESSES IN  SOUTHWESTERN OF RIO GRANDE DO SUL STATE, BRAZILAbstract: Sand spots are remarkable features in the landscape of the southern Brazil grasslands. Although initially treated as deserts, the genesis of the sand deposits is due to the current humid climate, mainly from the action of torrential rains as a triggering element of the sandization processes. These processes are highly dynamic in the time and the space scales, so that the sand deposits presents expansion/retraction, depending substantially on the rainfall regime (excess, reduction or absence). In this sense, the objective of this paper is to present the importance of the classification of the standard-years/months as a basis for the recognition of extreme rainfall events on an area affected by sandization processes in the southwestern of Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. The results indicate that the standard-years classification are categorically associated of the increase in the number of rainy days, which induce the increase/reduction of annual totals. Over the years, there have been successions of rainy/dry standard-years, characterizing periods markedly related to the increase/reduction of total precipitation. Rainfall also presents high variability on a monthly basis. However, rainy and dry standard-months occurred more frequently, demonstrating that intensification may occur in the sandization processes. This occurs when a dry standard-month is followed by a rainy one, interfering mostly in the herbaceous vegetation on the surface formations and soils of grassland.Keywords: standard-years classification; standard-months classification; rainy days; rainfall variability.  CLASSIFICATION DES ÉVÉNEMENTS PLUVIOMÉTRIQUES EXTRÊMES DANS LA ZONE AFFECTÉE PAR LES PROCÉDÉS D’ARÉNISATION DANS LE SUD-OUEST DE RIO GRANDE DO SULRésumé: Les sables sont des caractéris humide actuel, principalement à cause de l’action des pluies torrentielles comme déclencheur des processus d’arénisation. Ces processus sont très dynamiques dans le temps et dans l’espace, de telle sorte que les sables présentent une expansion/rétraction, en fonction, considérablement, du régime pluviométrique (excès, réduction ou absence). En ce sens là, le but de cet article est de présenter l’importance de classer les années/mois standard comme une subvention pour la reconnaissance des événements pluviométriques extrêmes, dans une zone affectée par des processus d’arénisation, dans le sud-ouest de l’État de Rio Grande do Sul. les résultats indiquent que les années standard sont catégoriquement connecté à l’augmentation du nombre de jours de pluie, ce qui rendre possible une augmentation/réduction des totaux annuels.Au fil des ans, des successions d’années standard pluvieuses/sèches ont été notées, caractérisant des périodes nettement liées à l’augmentation/la diminution des totaux pluviométriques. Mensuellement, les précipitations présentent également une grande variabilité. Cependant, les mois pluvieux et secs standard se sont produits plus fréquemment, ce qui montre que l’intensification des processus d’arénisation peut se produire. Cela se produit lorsqu’un mois sec standard est suivi d’un autre mois pluvieux, interférant principalement dans la végétation herbacée prédominante sur les formations superficielles et les sols de la Pampa. tiques notables du paysage rural de la campagne du Rio Grande do Sul. Cepandant initialement traitée comme un désert, la genèse des sables est plutôt grâce au climatMots clés: Années-standard; mois-standard; jours avec de la pluie; variabilité des précipitations


2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
M Welly

Many people in Indonesia calculate design rainfall before calculating the design flooddischarge. The design rainfall with a certain return period will eventually be convertedinto a design flood discharge by combining it with the characteristics of the watershed.However, the lack of a network of rainfall recording stations makes many areas that arenot hydrologically measured (ungauged basin), so it is quite difficult to know thecharacteristics of rain in the area concerned. This study aims to analyze thecharacteristics of design rainfall in Lampung Province. The focus of the analysis is toinvestigate whether geographical factors influence the design rainfall that occurs in theparticular area. The data used in this study is daily rainfall data from 15 rainfallrecording stations spread in Lampung Province. The method of frequency analysis usedin this study is the Gumbel method. The research shows that the geographical location ofan area does not have significant effect on extreme rainfall events. The effect of risingearth temperatures due to natural exploitation by humans tends to be stronger as a causeof extreme events such as extreme rainfall.Keywords: Influence, geographical, factors, extreme, rainfall.


Agrometeoros ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronaldo Matzenauer ◽  
Bernadete Radin ◽  
Alberto Cargnelutti Filho

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a relação entre o fenômeno El Niño Oscilação Sul - ENOS e o rendimento de grãos de soja e de milho no Rio Grande do Sul e verificar a hipótese de que os eventos El Niño são favoráveis e os eventos La Niña são prejudiciais ao rendimento de grãos das culturas. Foram utilizados dados de rendimento de grãos dos anos agrícolas de 1974/75 a 2016/17, e relacionados com as ocorrências de eventos ENOS. Foram analisados os dados de rendimento observados na colheita e os dados estimados com a remoção da tendência tecnológica. Os resultados mostraram que não houve diferença significativa do rendimento médio de grãos de soja e de milho na comparação entre os eventos ENOS. Palavras-chave: El Niño, La Niña, safras agrícolas. Abstract – The objective of this work was to evaluate the relationship between the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon with the grain yield of soybean and maize in Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil and to verify the hypothesis that the El Niño events are favorable and the La Niña events are harmful to the culture’s grain yields. Were used data from the agricultural years of 1974/75 to 2016/17, and related to the occurrence of ENOS events. We analyzed income data observed at harvest and estimated data with technological tendency was removed. The results showed that there was no significant difference in the average yield of soybeans and corn in the comparison between events.


2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 209
Author(s):  
Chih-Ming Tseng ◽  
Yie-Ruey Chen ◽  
Chwen-Ming Chang ◽  
Yung-Sheng Chue ◽  
Shun-Chieh Hsieh

This study explores the impact of rainfall on the followed-up landslides after a severe typhoon and the relationship between various rainfall events and the occurrence, scale, and regional characteristics of the landslides, including second landslides. Moreover, the influence of land disturbance was evaluated. The genetic adaptive neural network was used in combination with the texture analysis of the geographic information system for satellite image classification and interpretation to analyze land-use change and retrieve disaster records and surface information after five rainfall events from Typhoon Morakot (2009) to Typhoon Nanmadol (2011). The results revealed that except for extreme Morakot rains, the greater the degree of slope disturbance after rain, the larger the exposed slope. Extreme rainfall similar to Morakot strikes may have a greater impact on the bare land area than on slope disturbance. Moreover, the relationship between the bare land area and the index of land disturbance condition (ILDC) is positive, and the ratio of the bare land area to the quantity of bare land after each rainfall increases with the ILDC. With higher effective accumulative rainfall on the slope in the study area or greater slope disturbance, the landslide area at the second landslide point tended to increase.


Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 771 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inkyeong Sim ◽  
Okjeong Lee ◽  
Sangdan Kim

Looking at future data obtained from global climate models, it is expected that future extreme rainfall will increase in many parts of the world. The Clausius-Clapeyron equation provides a physical basis for understanding the sensitivity of rainfall in response to warming, but the relationship between rainfall and temperature is still uncertain. The purpose of this study is to analyze the sensitivity of extreme daily rainfall depth during the summer season (June–September) to climate change in Korea. The relationship between the observed extreme daily rainfall depth and the surface air temperature (SAT) and dew-point temperature (DPT), which were observed in the 60 sites of the Korea Meteorological Administration, were analyzed. The same analysis was also performed using future data provided in various climate models. In addition, the future trends of extreme rainfall, SAT, and DPT were analyzed using future data obtained from climate models, and the effects of increasing SAT and DPT on future extreme rainfall changes were investigated. Finally, it has been confirmed that using changes in SAT and DPT to look at changes in future extreme rainfall can give more consistent future projection results than using future rainfall data directly.


2020 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. e83
Author(s):  
Taison Anderson Bortolin ◽  
Clauber Corso ◽  
Ludmilson Abritta Mendes ◽  
Alan De Gois Barbosa ◽  
Vania Elisabete Schneider

The relationship intensity, duration and frequency is very important for the hydraulic project’s development, mainly in regions where there is no study updated data. This paper objective was to determine the intensity-duration-frequency curves at Rio Grande do Sul hillside, in order to provide tools for hydraulic structures design and hydrological studies in the region. For the return periods 2, 5, 10, 20, 25, 50 and 100 - year precipitation determination was used Gumbel’s and log-normal statistical distributions, using the Rain Relationship Duration Method for 20 rainfall stations. For Gumbel’s distribution data adherence verification, was used the Kolmogorov-Smirnov adhesion tests and Chi-Square adhesion, with, 5% significance level. The general IDF equation coefficients a, b, c and d were obtained through non-linear regression and the adjustment quality was measured by both determination coefficient and standard error. Different intense rainfall curves were obtained with the methodology applied, for the region, each one shows a good parameters adjustment, important tool for extreme precipitations estimating.


Author(s):  
E. Schiavo Bernardi ◽  
D. Allasia ◽  
R. Basso ◽  
P. Freitas Ferreira ◽  
R. Tassi

Abstract. The lack of rainfall data in Brazil, and, in particular, in Rio Grande do Sul State (RS), hinders the understanding of the spatial and temporal distribution of rainfall, especially in the case of the more complex extreme events. In this context, rainfall's estimation from remote sensors is seen as alternative to the scarcity of rainfall gauges. However, as they are indirect measures, such estimates needs validation. This paper aims to verify the applicability of the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite information for extreme rainfall determination in RS. The analysis was accomplished at different temporal scales that ranged from 5 min to daily rainfall while spatial distribution of rainfall was investigated by means of regionalization. An initial test verified TRMM rainfall estimative against measured rainfall at gauges for 1998–2013 period considering different durations and return periods (RP). Results indicated that, for the RP of 2, 5, 10 and 15 years, TRMM overestimated on average 24.7% daily rainfall. As TRMM minimum time-steps is 3 h, in order to verify shorter duration rainfall, the TRMM data were adapted to fit Bell's (1969) generalized IDF formula (based on the existence of similarity between the mechanisms of extreme rainfall events as they are associated to convective cells). Bell`s equation error against measured precipitation was around 5–10%, which varied based on location, RP and duration while the coupled BELL+TRMM error was around 10–35%. However, errors were regionally distributed, allowing a correction to be implemented that reduced by half these values. These findings in turn permitted the use of TRMM+Bell estimates to improve the understanding of spatiotemporal distribution of extreme hydrological rainfall events.


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