Genetic affinity between the Hmong-Mien and Mon-Khmer populations

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Lu
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Affinity

scholarly journals Genomic Insights Into the Genetic Structure and Natural Selection of Mongolians

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaomin Yang ◽  
Sarengaowa ◽  
Guanglin He ◽  
Jianxin Guo ◽  
Kongyang Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Selection ◽  
Bronze Age ◽  
Yellow River ◽  
Yellow River Basin ◽  
Historical Record ◽  
Genetic Affinity ◽  
Westward Expansion ◽  
Admixture Coefficient ◽  
North Asia ◽  
Mongol Empire

Mongolians dwell at the Eastern Eurasian Steppe, where is the agriculture and pasture interlaced area, practice pastoral subsistence strategies for generations, and have their own complex genetic formation history. There is evidence that the eastward expansion of Western Steppe herders transformed the lifestyle of post-Bronze Age Mongolia Plateau populations and brought gene flow into the gene pool of Eastern Eurasians. Here, we reported genome-wide data for 42 individuals from the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of North China. We observed that our studied Mongolians were structured into three distinct genetic clusters possessing different genetic affinity with previous studied Inner Mongolians and Mongols and various Eastern and Western Eurasian ancestries: two subgroups harbored dominant Eastern Eurasian ancestry from Neolithic millet farmers of Yellow River Basin; another subgroup derived Eastern Eurasian ancestry primarily from Neolithic hunter-gatherers of North Asia. Besides, three-way/four-way qpAdm admixture models revealed that both north and southern Western Eurasian ancestry related to the Western Steppe herders and Iranian farmers contributed to the genetic materials into modern Mongolians. ALDER-based admixture coefficient and haplotype-based GLOBETROTTER demonstrated that the former western ancestry detected in modern Mongolian could be recently traced back to a historic period in accordance with the historical record about the westward expansion of the Mongol empire. Furthermore, the natural selection analysis of Mongolians showed that the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) region underwent significantly positive selective sweeps. The functional genes, alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and lactase persistence (LCT), were not identified, while the higher/lower frequencies of derived mutations were strongly correlated with the genetic affinity to East Asian/Western Eurasian populations. Our attested complex population movement and admixture in the agriculture and pasture interlaced area played an important role in the formation of modern Mongolians.

Re-examining the Devoicing of Middle Chinese Voiced Initials in Hakka: When and Where?

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-155
Author(s):  
Bit-Chee Kwok
Keyword(s):  
Small Group ◽  
Southern China ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
Genetic Affinity ◽  
Parallel Development ◽  
Chinese Dialects

The voiced stops and affricates of Middle Chinese have basically shifted to their voiceless aspirated counterparts (henceforth, “devoicing”) regardless of tone categories in the following dialects: 1. the Hakka dialects;2. the Gan dialects;3. various Mandarin dialects spoken along the Shanxi-Shaanxi-Henan border;4. a small group of Mandarin dialects in southeastern Jiangsu; and5. a northwestern dialect spoken in the Late Tang period.It has been claimed that the above-mentioned dialects are closely related, based on the fact that they have undergone the same development of the Middle Chinese voiced stops and affricates. In this paper, we argue that the devoicing of Hakka took place in southern China, probably in modern-day southern Jiangxi, some time between the early 10th century and the late 17th century. The devoicing pattern shared by Hakka and other Chinese dialects should therefore be treated as parallel development rather than as evidence for closer genetic affinity among all these dialects.

scholarly journals Debating phylogenetic relationships of the scleractinian Psammocora: molecular and morphological evidences

2007 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Benzoni ◽  
Fabrizio Stefani ◽  
Jaroslaw Stolarski ◽  
Michel Pichon ◽  
Guillaume Mitta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Phylogeny ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
The Other ◽  
Congeneric Species ◽  
Genetic Affinity ◽  
Phylogenetic Structure ◽  
Skeletal Structures ◽  
The Family

The phylogenetic relationships of the scleractinian genus Psammocora with the other genera traditionally included in the family Siderastreidae and some Fungiidae are assessed based on combined skeletal and molecular data. P. explanulata differs from the other examined congeneric species (P. contigua, P. digitata, P. nierstraszi , P. profundacella, P. superficialis, and P. stellata) in possessing interstomatous septa between adult corallites, costae, and in having continuous buttress-like structures joining septal faces (i.e., fulturae) which typically occur in fungiids. These characters are shared with Coscinaraea wellsi but not with the remainder of the examined siderastreids (the congeneric C. columna, and Anomastraea irregularis, Horastrea indica, Pseudosiderastrea tayamai, Siderastrea savignyana) whose septa are interconnected by typical synapticulae. Most of the examined species form septa with distinct transverse groups of centers of calcification, a biomineralization pattern typical of the Robusta clade. The observations on skeletal structures corroborate the results of the ITS2 and 5.8S molecular phylogeny. C. wellsi and P. explanulata are phylogenetically very close to each other and show closer genetic affinity with the examined Fungiidae (Halomitra pileus, Herpolitha limax, Fungia paumotensis, and Podabacia crustacea) than with the other species in the genera Psammocora and Coscinaraea, or with any other siderastreid. Our results show that neither Psammocora nor Coscinaraea are monophyletic genera. The high genetic distances between the species of Siderastreidae, especially between Pseudosiderastrea tayamai and Siderastrea savignyana on one side and the other genera on the other, suggest a deep divergence in the phylogenetic structure of the family.

Molecular Differentiation Within and Between Eucalyptus risdonii, E. amygdalina and Their Hybrids Using RAPD Markers

1996 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 559 ◽  
Author(s):  
MM Sale ◽  
BM Potts ◽  
AK West ◽  
JB Reid
Keyword(s):  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Genetic Isolation ◽  
Population Differences ◽  
Genetic Affinity ◽  
Hybrid Swarm ◽  
Leaf Phenotype ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
Two Populations ◽  
Advanced Generation

Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) studies of a natural hybrid swarm between Eucalyptus amygdalina Labill. and E. risdonii Hook.f. and nearby allopatric stands revealed that, despite clear morphological differences, all bands were shared between species. However, frequency differences revealed genetic divergence between species, populations within species, and individuals within populations. Variation was greatest between individuals within populations and lowest between species. For both species, the direction of variation which distinguished the two populations was in a different direction to that which separated the two species, suggesting population differences were not due to introgression but were the result of genetic isolation and/or strong localised selection. Several morphologically typical individuals with intermediate RAPD profiles were detected in the hybrid swarm and nearby allopatric samples of both species, suggesting that some cryptic introgression may be occurring. Controlled F1 crosses generally had closer genetic affinity to E. risdonii, raising the possibility that some parents used may have been advanced generation hybrids. While natural hybrids selected for their intermediate leaf phenotype were usually also intermediate between the two species using RAPD markers, some deviated markedly toward E. risdonii. The study suggests that morphological appearance does not necessarily reflect genetic (RAPD) status and in some cases detectable RAPD differences between spatially close populations of the same species may be as great or greater than the differences between species.

Cytological and molecular analysis of annual species of the genus Medicago

1996 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 299-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Mariani ◽  
F. Pupilli ◽  
O. Calderini
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Molecular Analysis ◽  
Genetic Relationship ◽  
Diploid Species ◽  
Rflp Analysis ◽  
Molecular Study ◽  
Annual Species ◽  
Genetic Affinity ◽  
Karyological Analysis ◽  
Medicago Rugosa

Medicago rugosa and M. scutellata, two annual species of the genus Medicago, have aroused considerable interest because they carry useful traits that could be introduced into alfalfa and have a chromosome number (2n = 30) that is quite unusual in Medicago. A cytogenetic and molecular study was undertaken to investigate the annual diploid species with 2n = 16 and 2n = 14 that seem to be the most closely related to M. rugosa and M. scutellata, with the aim of characterizing these diploid species and determining their genetic relationship with the species with 2n = 30. Karyological analysis established that some of the diploid species investigated were more similar than the others to both M. rugosa and M. scutellata (as in the case of M. intertexta, M. rotata, and M. polymorpha) or at least to one of those two species (as was the case with M. doliata, M. muricoleptis, and M. murex). RFLP analysis identified four species, namely M. intertexta and M. muricoleptis with 2n = 16, and M. polymorpha and M. murex with 2n = 14, as having the highest degree of genetic affinity with the two species with 30 chromosomes. These findings suggest the possibility of identifying the ancestors of M. rugosa and M. scutellata among those four species and therefore of verifying the probable allopolyploid origin of the two species in question. Keywords: Medicago, annual species, karyotypes, RFLPs.

scholarly journals Genetics and the History of the Samaritans: Y-Chromosomal Microsatellites and Genetic Affinity between Samaritans and Cohanim

Human Biology ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 85 (6) ◽  
pp. 825-857 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter J. Oefner ◽  
Georg Hölzl ◽  
Peidong Shen ◽  
Isaac Shpirer ◽  
Dov Gefel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Affinity ◽  
History Of

Species delimitation in Capparis spinosa group (Capparaceae) in Iran: Multivariate morphometric analysis and ISSR markers

Phytotaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 456 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
MARYAM AHMADI ◽  
HOJJATOLLAH SAEIDI ◽  
MANSOUR MIRTADZADINI
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Inter Simple Sequence Repeat ◽  
Issr Markers ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Genetic Affinity ◽  
Intermediate Phenotypes ◽  
Subspecies Level ◽  
Capparis Spinosa ◽  
Simple Sequence

Multivariate morphometric approach (using PCA mix and CDA) and Inter-Simple Sequence Repeat Markers (ISSR) were used to characterize the patterns of morphological and genetic relationships of Capparis spinosa group in Iran. The morphological data analyses revealed that this complex could be divided into three main groups. C. spinosa subsp. cartilaginea and C. spinosa subsp. spinosa var. mucronifolia were reliably delineated by morphological data, but C. spinosa subsp. spinosa var. parviflora, C. spinosa subsp. spinosa var. herbacea, C. spinosa subsp. spinosa var. canescens, C. spinosa subsp. spinosa var. aegyptia and their intermediate phenotypes were overlapped. The results of ISSR data were different from morphological analyses and var. parviflora exhibited a close genetic affinity to var. mucronifolia rather than the other varieties of sub. spinosa. The results of this study revealed that subsp. cartilaginea should be recognized at species level. In case of var. parviflora, we propose subspecies level for this variety. Further investigation is needed to reveal the taxonomic status of var. mucronifolia.

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