The Knowledge Base Development for the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines

Web services are an emerging technology that has attracted much attention from both the research and the industry sectors in recent years. The exploitation of Web services as components in Web applications facilitates development and supports application interoperability, regardless of the programming language and platform used. However, existing Web services development standards do not take into account the fact that the provided content and the interactive functionality should be accessible to, and easily operable by, people with disabilities. This chapter presents a platform named myWebAccess, which provides a mechanism for the semi-automated “repair” of Web services' interaction characteristics in order to support the automatic generation of interface elements that conform to the de facto standard of the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines 2.0. myWebAccess enhances interaction quality for specific target user groups, including people with visual and motor disabilities, and supports the use of Web services on diverse platforms (e.g., mobile phones equipped with a browser). The Web developers can build their own design templates and the users of myWebAccess can create a personalized environment containing their favourite services. Thus, they can interact with them through interfaces appropriate to their specific individual characteristics.

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Code in action: Closing the black box of WCAG 2.0, A Latourian reading of Web accessibility

First Monday ◽

10.5210/fm.v20i9.6166 ◽

2015 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

David Kreps ◽

Mhorag Goff

Keyword(s):

Web Accessibility ◽

Web Content ◽

Wcag 2.0 ◽

Wide Range ◽

Heterogeneous Nature ◽

Version 2.0 ◽

Accessibility Guidelines ◽

Content Accessibility ◽

Web Developers ◽

The Web

The focus of much academic work on Web accessibility has been concerned with the lack of implementation of the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines. There seems, as yet, however, to have been little critical reflection on the Guidelines themselves — save perhaps some awareness of the heterogeneous nature of the Web, and the difficulties facing Web developers trying to ensure their work displays true to their intentions across a wide range of different browsers and devices, making use of continually evolving and contested code. Yet, as this paper highlights, the long drawn out process by which version 2.0 of the WCAG came into being hides many skeletons, including aspects of the process of developing standards that bear closer scrutiny, and reveal much when viewed through Latourian eyes. The findings of this paper suggest that the WCAG2.0 are almost irrelevant today — to the detriment of those for whom they were made — and that the process of creating them was at fault.

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Supporting Accessible User Interfaces Using Web Services

Web-Based Services ◽

10.4018/978-1-4666-9466-8.ch065 ◽

2016 ◽

pp. 1477-1495

Author(s):

Georgios Bouloukakis ◽

Ioannis Basdekis ◽

Constantine Stephanidis

Keyword(s):

Web Services ◽

User Interfaces ◽

Web Applications ◽

Automatic Generation ◽

Individual Characteristics ◽

Web Content ◽

Interface Elements ◽

Accessibility Guidelines ◽

Content Accessibility ◽

The Web

Web services are an emerging technology that has attracted much attention from both the research and the industry sectors in recent years. The exploitation of Web services as components in Web applications facilitates development and supports application interoperability, regardless of the programming language and platform used. However, existing Web services development standards do not take into account the fact that the provided content and the interactive functionality should be accessible to, and easily operable by, people with disabilities. This chapter presents a platform named myWebAccess, which provides a mechanism for the semi-automated “repair” of Web services' interaction characteristics in order to support the automatic generation of interface elements that conform to the de facto standard of the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines 2.0. myWebAccess enhances interaction quality for specific target user groups, including people with visual and motor disabilities, and supports the use of Web services on diverse platforms (e.g., mobile phones equipped with a browser). The Web developers can build their own design templates and the users of myWebAccess can create a personalized environment containing their favourite services. Thus, they can interact with them through interfaces appropriate to their specific individual characteristics.

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Examination of the Protection Offered by Current Accessibility Acts and Guidelines to People with Disabilities in Using Information Technology Devices

Electronics ◽

10.3390/electronics9050742 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. 742

Author(s):

Hyun K. Kim ◽

Jaehyun Park

Keyword(s):

Information Technology ◽

People With Disabilities ◽

Web Content ◽

Disabled People ◽

Section 508 ◽

Accessibility Guidelines ◽

Video Accessibility ◽

Product Sales ◽

Content Accessibility ◽

The Web

Today, information technology (IT) products are extensively used in everyday life; however, disabled people still experience difficulties in using them. To ensure the equal use of IT products by people with disabilities, various laws/guidelines/standards have been established. In particular, Section 508 of the Rehabilitation Act, 21st-Century Communications and Video Accessibility Act, the European Accessibility Act, and the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines strongly influence IT product sales and, hence, have been included in the scope of this research. This study analyzed the main accessibility provisions/guidelines from the user experience (UX) perspective and the IT device difficulties that are addressed by the provisions/guidelines. Accordingly, the study used the IT interaction disability concept, which analyzes the comprehensive difficulties associated with the use of an IT device from the perspective of interaction, to map each task–user interface–context factor. Finally, this study suggests the aspects to be considered while establishing accessibility provisions/guidelines. Moreover, it clarifies the provisions and guidelines for IT product designers and developers by analyzing them from the UX perspective.

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The Web Content Accessibility Guidelines 2.0: An Analysis of Industry Self-regulation

International Journal of Law and Information Technology ◽

10.1093/ijlit/eaq015 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 74-93 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

C. Easton

Keyword(s):

Self Regulation ◽

Web Content ◽

Accessibility Guidelines ◽

Content Accessibility ◽

The Web

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Museum Website Accessibility Examined Using Automatic Diagnostic Tools

ICT Tools and Applications for Accessible Tourism - Advances in Hospitality, Tourism, and the Services Industry ◽

10.4018/978-1-7998-6428-8.ch010 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 218-233

Author(s):

Celeste Eusébio ◽

Maria João Carneiro ◽

Leonor Teixeira ◽

Diana Lemos

Keyword(s):

Web Accessibility ◽

Diagnostic Tools ◽

Global Index ◽

Web Content ◽

Wcag 2.0 ◽

Accessibility Guidelines ◽

Museum Websites ◽

Content Accessibility ◽

The Web

This chapter examines the website accessibility of museums located in Portugal (N = 575), based on the web content accessibility guidelines (WCAG 2.0), and on the three type of conformance levels (A, AA, and AAA), using two web diagnostic tools: AccessMonitor and TAW (Test de Accessibilidad Web). The results show that the average accessibility of museum websites is 5.80 on a scale from 1 to 10. However, while according to AccessMonitor, there are 14 websites (2.43% of the total) with a level of accessibility of 10 (excellent web accessibility practices); there are also some websites with a global index lower than 3 (classified as bad practice). The results obtained through TAW show that an average of 58.43 problems were identified in each website analyzed. These results highlight that several improvements should be introduced in the websites of Portuguese museums in order to make information available to all people.

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United by Hope, Divided by Access: Country Mapping of COVID-19 Information Accessibility and Its Consequences on Pandemic Eradication

Frontiers in Medicine ◽

10.3389/fmed.2020.618337 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 ◽

Author(s):

Amiel A. Dror ◽

Nicole G. Morozov ◽

Eli Layous ◽

Matti Mizrachi ◽

Amani Daoud ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Health Authority ◽

Information Dissemination ◽

Web Content ◽

Motor Impairments ◽

Persons With Disabilities ◽

Information Accessibility ◽

Government Websites ◽

Accessibility Guidelines ◽

Content Accessibility ◽

The Web

Many government websites and mobile content are inaccessible for people with vision, hearing, cognitive, and motor impairments. The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted these disparities when health authority website information, critical in providing resources for curbing the spread of the virus, remained inaccessible for numerous disabled populations. The Web Content Accessibility Guidelines provide comparatively universally accepted guidelines for website accessibility. We utilized these parameters to examine the number of countries with or without accessible health authority websites. The resulting data indicate a dearth of countries with websites accessible for persons with disabilities. Methods of information dissemination must take into consideration individuals with disabilities, particularly in times of global health crises.

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Abordagens Metodológicas da Experiência dos Usuários Cegos Aplicadas nas Interações Web em Dispositivos Móveis: Uma Revisão Sistemática da Literatura

10.5753/washes.2018.3470 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Tiago Nogueira ◽

Letycia Duarte ◽

Simone Los ◽

Júllian Luz ◽

Deller Ferreira

Keyword(s):

Mobile Devices ◽

Exponential Growth ◽

Access To Information ◽

Scientific Interest ◽

Web Content ◽

Blind Users ◽

Web Environment ◽

Accessibility Guidelines ◽

Content Accessibility ◽

The Web

With the exponential growth in the scientific interest on assessing the blind users experience in the web environment, it is essential to develop studies that correlate usability features lined up to the accessibility features. At the same time, with technological resources advances and access to information through different devices, there is a gap in the UX investigation in mobile devices, specifically, in the blind users experience. Therefore, this work proposes a systematic literature revision, identifying the main blind users experience methods applied in the mobile devices interaction. Thus, 805 scientific articles were identified through the literature, which approached subjects like usability, blind users experience and mobile devices. Through result extraction, sixteen different applied methods were identified in the blind users experience on mobile devices interaction. It is pointed out the applicability of methods supported by expert reviewers, the observation techniques, trial studies, validation and conformity verification with the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines.

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