Assessment of Heavy Metals in Deep Groundwater Resources of the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal

Abstract. The area investigated is located in the province of Brindisi (Italy). It is a generally flat area separated from the nearby carbonatic plateau of the Murgia by quite indistinct and high fault scarps. As regards the geological features, carbonatic basement rocks and post-cretaceous terrains made up of calabrian calcarenites and middle-upper Pleistocenic marine terraced deposits can be distinguished. In the examined area there are two different hydrogeological environments. The first is represented by deep groundwater, the main groundwater resource in Apulia. The second hydrogeological environment, now of lesser importance than the deep aquifer in terms of size and use, is made up of some small shallow groundwater systems situated in post-calabrian sands and located in the eastern area. During some sampling cycles carried out in the studied area, water was withdrawn from both the deep aquifer and from the shallow groundwater. For every sample, the necessary parameters were determined for the physical and chemical characterisation of two different hydrogeological environments. Moreover, some chemical parameters indicating anthropogenic activities were determined. Analysis of the aerial distribution of the measured parameters has shown some main areas subject to different conditions of contamination risk, in accordance with the hydrogeological and geological features of the investigated area. In the south-eastern part of the investigated area, the important action performed by the surface aquifer for protecting the deep groundwater from contamination of anthropogenic origin is clear. On the other hand, in the shallow groundwater, areas of nitrate and nitrite contamination have been identified, which result from the extensive use of fertilizers.

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Applications of Nanoparticles in Heavy Metal Removal for Wastewater Treatment at Brahmani River

Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience ◽

10.1166/jctn.2020.9296 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (9) ◽

pp. 4666-4670

Author(s):

Himanshu Sekhar Rath ◽

Mira Das ◽

Smita Rath ◽

U. N. Dash ◽

Alakananda Tripathy

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Heavy Metal ◽

Metal Removal ◽

Activated Carbons ◽

Low Cost ◽

Groundwater Resources ◽

Heavy Metal Removal ◽

Absorption Capacity ◽

Current Standard ◽

River Stretch

The goal of this research is to determine the current standard of water quality along the Brahmani River stretch in terms of physico-chemical parameters. The River Brahmani receives a substantial amount of industrial waste in the identified study area and is witness to a large amount of human and agricultural activities. Nowadays Ninety percent of Brahmani’s required water is secured with groundwater resources and it is essential to forecast pollutant content in those resources. Hence, this research aimed at using of nanoparticles such as Activated Carbons (ACs) for removal of heavy metal such as nickel and zinc in Brahmani river using the Langmuir approach. Adsorption seems to be the most widely used method for heavy metal recovery due to its low cost, easy installation and the presence of alternative adsorbents. In addition, the process of adsorption can also be made in use to recover heavy metal ions from wastewater. Despite these advantages, adsorption is hard to commercialize. Due to the strong absorption capacity, high number of pores and wide, common area, nanoparticles are treated as the effective method in removal of heavy metals in rivers. Comparative analysis shows that seventy-one percent of heavy metals can be removed using the nanotechnology model.

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Analysis of Sustainable Deep Groundwater Development Scenarios in Huantai County

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.955-959.3040 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 955-959 ◽

pp. 3040-3044

Author(s):

Shi Lei Chen ◽

Xue Yuan Li ◽

Kai Bian ◽

Ying Wang Zhao ◽

Bo Li

Keyword(s):

Groundwater Level ◽

Groundwater Resources ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Status Quo ◽

Domestic Water ◽

Deep Groundwater ◽

Groundwater Exploitation ◽

Development Scenarios ◽

The Status ◽

Exploitation Status

On the basis of the geology and hydrogeology, a three-dimensional numerical groundwater model in the study area was developed to evaluate the deep groundwater resources and avoid the groundwater level declining. According to the long-term water supply plan, water resources characteristics and exploitation status quo of Huantai county, three kinds of groundwater utilization scheme had been designed. The best sustainable groundwater exploitation scheme is determined by using the numerical model to simulate three kinds of mining schemes and analyze the corresponding groundwater flow field. The result shows that maintaining the status quo mining conditions will make the groundwater level decline further. Only reducing industrial exploitation and keeping domestic water mining can improve the conditions, but still difficult to solve the problem. The aim of utilization of deep groundwater can achieve only by reducing disordered water exploitation for production and living.

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The Catchment Area of Kadey in East-Cameroon: Assessment of Arsenic Contamination in Deep Groundwater Resources

Journal of Geology & Geophysics ◽

10.4172/2381-8719.1000250 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 5 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Kouassy Kaledje PS ◽

Ndam Noupayou JR

Keyword(s):

Catchment Area ◽

Groundwater Resources ◽

Arsenic Contamination ◽

Deep Groundwater

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Study on 14C dating analysis of deep groundwater resources on islands

Journal of Environmental Radioactivity ◽

10.1016/j.jenvrad.2019.105994 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 208-209 ◽

pp. 105994

Author(s):

Shyang-Chyuan Fang

Keyword(s):

Groundwater Resources ◽

14C Dating ◽

Deep Groundwater

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Survey and mapping of heavy metals in groundwater resources around the region of the Anzali International Wetland; a dataset

Data in Brief ◽

10.1016/j.dib.2018.03.058 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 18 ◽

pp. 463-469 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Masoud Vatandoost ◽

Dariush Naghipour ◽

Saeed Omidi ◽

Seyed Davoud Ashrafi

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Groundwater Resources ◽

Anzali International Wetland

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Monitoring of heavy metals in vegetables and soil of agricultural fields of Kathmandu Valley

Ecoprint An International Journal of Ecology ◽

10.3126/eco.v12i0.3189 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

B. Sharma ◽

M. K. Chhetri

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Toxic Metal ◽

Agricultural Fields ◽

Kathmandu Valley ◽

Normal Plant ◽

Broad Leaf ◽

The Mean ◽

Red Radish

Evaluation of heavy metals in vegetables and soil of agricultural fie1ds of Kathmandu valley was conducted. Highest accumulations of copper (65.5 mg kg-1;, lead 146.75m g kg-1) and cadmium( 2 mg kg-1) from Shankhamul; nickel (29.25mg kg-1) from Nakhu; cobalt (15.25mg kg-1) and manganese (675 mg kg-1; from Balkhu; chromium (73.75 mg kg-1; from Banasthali, zinc (162 mg kg-1) and iron (75636 mg kg-1; from Khusibun were recorded in soil of agricultural fields. Highest accumulations of Cu, Co and Zn were recorded in spinach and Pb in red radish; Ni, Cr and Fe was recorded in broad leaf mustard and Mn in cress leaf while considering the mean of each vegetables studied. Concentration of non-essential but toxic metal like Pb was higher than the normal plant value (0.1-10mg kg-1) in all the vegetables (except potato) collected from different sampling sites.Key words: Heavy metals; Soil; Vegetablesdoi: 10.3126/eco.v12i0.3189 Ecoprint: An International Journal of Ecology 12: 1-9, 2005

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Water Taxation and Subsidy Analysis Based on Consumer Water Use Behavior and Water Sources Inside the Kathmandu Valley

Water ◽

10.3390/w10121802 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (12) ◽

pp. 1802 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Rajit Ojha ◽

Bhesh Thapa ◽

Sadhana Shrestha ◽

Junko Shindo ◽

Hiroshi Ishidaira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Use ◽

Rainwater Harvesting ◽

Groundwater Resources ◽

Shallow Groundwater ◽

Water Source ◽

Water Sources ◽

Water Price ◽

Kathmandu Valley ◽

Total Expenditure ◽

Groundwater Exploitation

Groundwater is a major alternative water source used to cover the deficit of water supplied by Kathmandu Upatyaka Khanepani Limited (KUKL), the authority responsible for water supply inside Kathmandu Valley. The groundwater price relative to that of KUKL affects priority of usage, and hence, groundwater resources sustainability. Therefore, taxation or subsidies on water sources become necessary based on their implication on environment. In this study, we evaluate volumetric water price, including initial investment, operation and maintenance (O&M) cost for different water sources, and compare it with the water price of KUKL, Kathmandu. The results show that shallow groundwater is cheaper than KUKL’s water. For groundwater sustainability, taxation on shallow groundwater seems necessary. For the recent water use of 97 LPCD (liters per capita per day) the taxation requirement is Nepalese Rupee (NRs.) 320/month (0.35% of total expenditure) if the initial investment for well construction and O&M cost are considered, and NRs. 626 (0.7% of total expenditure) if only O&M cost is considered. On the other hand, rainwater harvesting and recharging, the measures to cope with groundwater exploitation, might need 40% to 50% subsidy for their initial investment.

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