scholarly journals Gut microbiota-derived metabolites are novel targets for improving insulin resistance

2022 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-69
Author(s):  
Rosana MC Bastos ◽  
Érika B Rangel
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Novel Targets

Folate and vitamin B-12 deficiencies additively impaired memory function and disturbed the gut microbiota in amyloid-β infused rats

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunmin Park ◽  
Sunna Kang ◽  
Da Sol Kim
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Insulin Signaling ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Memory Function ◽  
Amyloid Β ◽  
Impaired Memory ◽  
Ca1 Region ◽  
Folate And Vitamin B12

Abstract. Folate and vitamin B12(V-B12) deficiencies are associated with metabolic diseases that may impair memory function. We hypothesized that folate and V-B12 may differently alter mild cognitive impairment, glucose metabolism, and inflammation by modulating the gut microbiome in rats with Alzheimer’s disease (AD)-like dementia. The hypothesis was examined in hippocampal amyloid-β infused rats, and its mechanism was explored. Rats that received an amyloid-β(25–35) infusion into the CA1 region of the hippocampus were fed either control(2.5 mg folate plus 25 μg V-B12/kg diet; AD-CON, n = 10), no folate(0 folate plus 25 μg V-B12/kg diet; AD-FA, n = 10), no V-B12(2.5 mg folate plus 0 μg V-B12/kg diet; AD-V-B12, n = 10), or no folate plus no V-B12(0 mg folate plus 0 μg V-B12/kg diet; AD-FAB12, n = 10) in high-fat diets for 8 weeks. AD-FA and AD-VB12 exacerbated bone mineral loss in the lumbar spine and femur whereas AD-FA lowered lean body mass in the hip compared to AD-CON(P < 0.05). Only AD-FAB12 exacerbated memory impairment by 1.3 and 1.4 folds, respectively, as measured by passive avoidance and water maze tests, compared to AD-CON(P < 0.01). Hippocampal insulin signaling and neuroinflammation were attenuated in AD-CON compared to Non-AD-CON. AD-FAB12 impaired the signaling (pAkt→pGSK-3β) and serum TNF-α and IL-1β levels the most among all groups. AD-CON decreased glucose tolerance by increasing insulin resistance compared to Non-AD-CON. AD-VB12 and AD-FAB12 increased insulin resistance by 1.2 and 1.3 folds, respectively, compared to the AD-CON. AD-CON and Non-AD-CON had a separate communities of gut microbiota. The relative counts of Bacteroidia were lower and those of Clostridia were higher in AD-CON than Non-AD-CON. AD-FA, but not V-B12, separated the gut microbiome community compared to AD-CON and AD-VB12(P = 0.009). In conclusion, folate and B-12 deficiencies impaired memory function by impairing hippocampal insulin signaling and gut microbiota in AD rats.

scholarly journals Grifola frondosa GF5000 improves insulin resistance by modulation the composition of gut microbiota in diabetic rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 77 ◽  
pp. 104313
Author(s):  
Chun Xiao ◽  
Chunwei Jiao ◽  
Yizhen Xie ◽  
Linhui Ye ◽  
Qianqing Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Grifola Frondosa

scholarly journals Feeding diversified protein sources exacerbates hepatic insulin resistance via increased gut microbial branched-chain fatty acids and mTORC1 signaling in obese mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Béatrice S.-Y. Choi ◽  
Noëmie Daniel ◽  
Vanessa P. Houde ◽  
Adia Ouellette ◽  
Bruno Marcotte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Protein Source ◽  
Hepatic Insulin Resistance ◽  
Branched Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Mtorc1 Signaling ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
Mixed Protein ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

AbstractAnimal models of human diseases are classically fed purified diets that contain casein as the unique protein source. We show that provision of a mixed protein source mirroring that found in the western diet exacerbates diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance by potentiating hepatic mTORC1/S6K1 signaling as compared to casein alone. These effects involve alterations in gut microbiota as shown by fecal microbiota transplantation studies. The detrimental impact of the mixed protein source is also linked with early changes in microbial production of branched-chain fatty acids (BCFA) and elevated plasma and hepatic acylcarnitines, indicative of aberrant mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation. We further show that the BCFA, isobutyric and isovaleric acid, increase glucose production and activate mTORC1/S6K1 in hepatocytes. Our findings demonstrate that alteration of dietary protein source exerts a rapid and robust impact on gut microbiota and BCFA with significant consequences for the development of obesity and insulin resistance.

scholarly journals Organophosphorus pesticide chlorpyrifos intake promotes obesity and insulin resistance through impacting gut and gut microbiota

Microbiome ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiran Liang ◽  
Jing Zhan ◽  
Donghui Liu ◽  
Mai Luo ◽  
Jiajun Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Organophosphorus Pesticide

Black rice anthocyanins alleviate hyperlipidemia, liver steatosis and insulin resistance by regulating lipid metabolism and gut microbiota in obese mice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haizhao Song ◽  
Xinchun Shen ◽  
Yang Zhou ◽  
Xiaodong Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Hepatic Steatosis ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Liver Steatosis ◽  
Obese Mice ◽  
Black Rice ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Diet Induced Obesity

Supplementation of black rice anthocyanins (BRAN) alleviated high fat diet-induced obesity, insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis by improvement of lipid metabolism and modification of the gut microbiota.

scholarly journals Preventive Effects of Kaempferol on High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity Complications in C57BL/6 Mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Tieqiao Wang ◽  
Qiaomin Wu ◽  
Tingqi Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Serum Cholesterol ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Liver Weight ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Fat ◽  
High Blood Glucose

Kaempferol is a dietary flavanol that regulates cellular lipid and glucose metabolism. Its mechanism of action in preventing hepatic steatosis and obesity-related disorders has yet to be clarified. The purpose of this research was to examine kaempferol’s antiobesity effects in high-fat diet- (HFD-) fed mice and to investigate its impact on their gut microbiota. Using a completely randomized design, 30 mice were equally assigned to a control group, receiving a low-fat diet, an HFD group, receiving a high-fat diet, and an HFD+kaempferol group, receiving a high-fat diet and kaempferol doses of 200 mg/kg in the diet. After eight weeks, the HFD mice displayed substantial body and liver weight gain and high blood glucose and serum cholesterol levels. However, treatment with kaempferol moderated body and liver weight gain and elevation of blood glucose and serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels. Examination of 16S ribosomal RNA showed that HFD mice exhibited decreased microbial diversity, but kaempferol treatment maintained it to nearly the same levels as those in the control group. In conclusion, kaempferol can protect against obesity and insulin resistance in mice on a high-fat diet, partly through regulating their gut microbiota and moderating the decrease in insulin resistance.

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