scholarly journals Population Movement as a Risk Factor for Malaria Infection in High-Altitude Villages of Tahtay–Maychew District, Tigray, Northern Ethiopia: A Case–Control Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 97 (3) ◽  
pp. 726-732 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mebrahtom Haile ◽  
Hailemariam Lemma ◽  
Yemane Weldu
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
High Altitude ◽  
Malaria Infection ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Population Movement ◽  
Northern Ethiopia ◽  
Control Study

scholarly journals Malaria Outbreak –in Hitsats Refugee Camp, Tigray Region, Ethiopia- 2017, A Case-Control Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mekonen Gebrekidan Gebremichael ◽  
Samuel Gebresilassie Aregay ◽  
Kissanet Wedearegay Tesfay ◽  
Getahun Embaye Kebede ◽  
Alefech Gezihagn Adissu
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Malaria Infection ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Refugee Camp ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Refugee Camps ◽  
Malaria Outbreak ◽  
Control Study ◽  
At Home

Abstract Background: Over 80% of current refugee camps worldwide are located in malaria-endemic areas and malaria accounts for up to 50% of all deaths among refugees. In 2016, 3,152 malaria cases were reported from Hitsats Refugee Camp located in northern Ethiopia. A malaria outbreak was reported from Hitsats Refugee Camp (Population=8498) on June 19th, 2017. We investigated to describe the epidemiology, identify risk factors, and implement control measures.Methods: We defined a malaria case as any person a resident of Hitsats Refugee camp with fever or fever with headache, rigor, back pain, chills, sweats, myalgia, nausea, and vomiting, or confirmed microscopically or by Rapid Diagnostic Test to have malaria parasites from June 6th to July 3rd, 2017. We identified cases by reviewing the refugee clinic records and conducted a 1:1 case-control study from July 3rd to 14th, 2017. Cases were selected randomly using the patient registration book and recruited neighborhood controls who have no signs and symptoms of malaria and tested negative for Plasmodium species during the outbreak period from the same camp. We collected socio-demographic, behavioral, and risk factor information using a pre-tested structured questionnaire. Data were entered and analyzed using Epi-Info version 7.2.2. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify independent factors associated with malaria infection. Result: We identified 4,911 malaria cases with no death. Of those cases, 3,290 (67%) were males, and 4,322 (88%) were aged ≥5years. The overall attack rate (AR) was 58% (4911/8498) and was highest among <5years (84%) and was 55% among people ≥5years. Seventy-eight malaria cases and 78 controls were interviewed. The presence of patient/s with similar signs and symptoms at home (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) =3.5, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) =1.6-7.8) was an independent risk factor associated with malaria. Owning insecticide-treated mosquito nets (ITNs) (AOR=0.17; 95%CI=0.07-0.4) and using personal protective equipment (PPE) to prevent mosquito bites when staying outdoors (AOR=0.18; 95%CI=0.08-0.4) were disease protective factors.Conclusion: The presence of patient/s with similar signs and symptoms at home, lack of ITN ownership and not using PPE were variables associated with malaria infection. Prevention strategies that target ITN distribution and the use of PPE to prevent mosquito bites may mitigate and prevent further outbreaks of malaria in refugee camps.

scholarly journals SAT0077 CARDIOVASCULAR RISK ASSESSMENT WITH CAROTID ULTRASONOGRAPHY IN ADDITION TO THE TRADITIONAL CARDIOVASCULAR RISK FACTORS IN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS PATIENTS: A CASE CONTROL STUDY

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 973-973
Author(s):  
R. Gonzalez Mazario ◽  
J. J. Fragio-Gil ◽  
P. Martinez Calabuig ◽  
E. Grau García ◽  
M. De la Rubia Navarro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Disease Duration ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Carotid Ultrasonography ◽  
Control Study

Background:Cardiovascular disease (CV) is the most frequent cause of death in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. It is well known that RA acts as an independent cardiovascular risk factor.Objectives:To assess the CV risk in RA patients using carotid ultrasonography (US) additionally to the traditional CV risk factors.Methods:A prospective transversal case control study was performed, including adult RA patients who fulfilled ACR/EULAR 2010 criteria and healthy controls matched according to CV risk factors. Population over 75 years old, patients with established CV disease and/or chronic kidney failure (from III stage) were excluded. The US evaluator was blinded to the case/control condition and evaluated the presence of plaques and the intima-media thickness. Statistical analysis was performed with R (3.6.1 version) and included a multivariate variance analysis (MANOVA) and a negative binomial regression adjusted by confounding factors (age, sex and CV risk factors).Results:A total of 200 cases and 111 healthy controls were included in the study. Demographical, clinical and US data are exposed in table 1. Not any difference was detected in terms of CV risk factors between the cases and controls. In both groups a relationship between age, BMI and high blood pressure was detected (p<0.001).Table 1.Table 2.RA basal characteristicsDisease duration (years)16,98 (11,38)Erosions (X-Ray of hands/feet)163 (81,5%)Seropositive (RF/anti-CCP)146 (73%)Extra-articular symptoms44 (22%)Intersticial difusse lung disease10 (5%)Rheumatoid nodules14 (7%)Prednisone use103 (51,5%)Median dose of Prednisone last year (mg)2,34 (2,84)sDMARDsMethotrexate104 (52%)Leflunomide29 (14,5%)Hydroxycloroquine9 (4,5%)bDMARDs89 (44,5%) TNFi41 (20,5%) Abatacept15 (7,5%) IL6i22 (11%) RTX11 (5,5%)JAKi26 (13%) Baricitinib11 (5,5%) Tofacitinib15 (7,5%)DAS 28-ESR3,1 (2,3, 3,9)SDAI7,85 (4,04, 13,41)HAQ0,88 (0,22, 1,5)RF (U/mL)51 (15, 164,25)Anti-CCP (U/mL)173 (22, 340)Patients showed higher intima-media (both right and left) thickness compared to controls (p<0.006). Moreover it was also related to the disease duration and DAS28 score (p<0.001). A higher plaque account was noted in cases(p<0.004) and it was also related to the disease duration (p<0.001).Conclusion:RA implies a higher CV risk. Traditional CV risk factors explains only partially the global risk. These findings support that RA acts as an independent cardiovascular risk factor.Disclosure of Interests:None declared

scholarly journals Association of smoking with coronary artery disease in Nepalese populations: a case control study

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 677-685
Author(s):  
Til Bahadur Basnet ◽  
Cheng Xu ◽  
Manthar Ali Mallah ◽  
Wiwik Indayati ◽  
Cheng Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Psychosocial Risk ◽  
Psychosocial Risk Factor ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
Control Study

Abstract There are well-known traditional risk factors for coronary artery disease (CAD). Among them, smoking is one of the most prominent and modifiable risk factors. This study aims to determine the magnitude of smoking as a risk factor for CAD in the Nepalese population. A hospital-based age- and sex-matched case–control study was carried out with a total of 612 respondents. Bivariate analysis showed that the risk of developing CAD in ex-smokers and current smokers was higher (odds ratio (OR): 1.81 (confidence interval (CI): 1.21–2.7) and OR: 5.2 (CI: 3.4–7.97)), with p-values less than 0.004 and &lt;0.00001, respectively, compared to the risk in never smokers. From stratified socio-demographic, cardio-metabolic, behavioural and psychosocial risk factor analysis, smoking was found to be associated with CAD in almost all subgroups. In the subsequent multivariate analysis, adjustment for socio-demographic, cardio-metabolic and psychosocial risk factors showed a steady increase in risk. However, further adjustment for behavioural risk factors (alcohol use and physical activity) showed that the risk was attenuated by 59% in current smokers. After adjusting for the covariates, current smokers and ex-smokers had an increased risk of CAD (OR: 6.64, 95% CI: 3.64–12.12, p &lt; 0.00001; OR: 1.89, 95% CI: 1.08–3.31, p &lt; 0.012, respectively) compared with non-smokers. In conclusion, smoking was found to increase the risk of CAD in the Nepalese population.

Smoking of hand-rolled cigarettes as a risk factor for small cell lung cancer in men: a case-control study from Uruguay

Lung Cancer ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 11 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 191-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo De Stéfani ◽  
Luis Fierro ◽  
María T. Larrinaga ◽  
Julio C. Balbi ◽  
Alvaro Ronco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Small Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Small Cell Lung ◽  
Control Study

scholarly journals Hepatitis B virus pre-S deletion mutations are a risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma: a matched nested case–control study

2008 ◽  
Vol 89 (11) ◽  
pp. 2882-2890 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhong-Liao Fang ◽  
Caroline A. Sabin ◽  
Bai-Qing Dong ◽  
Shao-Chao Wei ◽  
Qin-Yan Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Deletion Mutations ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Nested Case Control ◽  
Control Study

A matched nested case–control study of 33 paired cases and controls was conducted, based on a study cohort in Long An county, Guangxi, China, to determine whether infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) with pre-S deletions is independently associated with the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), without the confounding effects of basal core promoter (BCP) double mutations. The prevalence of pre-S deletions was significantly higher in HCC (45.5 %, 15 of 33) than the controls (18.2 %, 6 of 33) (P<0.01), under the control of the influence of BCP double mutations. Most of the pre-S deletions occurred in, or involved, the 5′ half of the pre-S2 region and the difference between HCC (93.3 %, 14 of 15) and controls (66.7 %, four of six) was significant for this region (P=0.015). There was no significant difference in pre-S deletions between the BCP mutant group and BCP wild-type group (P>0.05), nor was the prevalence of pre-S deletions significantly different between genotypes B and C (P>0.1). These results suggest that pre-S deletions constitute an independent risk factor for HCC and their emergence and effect are independent of BCP mutations. The 5′ terminus of pre-S2 is the favoured site for the deletion mutations, especially in HCC cases. Further prospective studies are required to confirm the role of these mutations in the development of HCC.

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