Characterization of the Immune Response in Subjects with Self-Healing Cutaneous Leishmaniasis

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 273-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edgar M. Carvalho ◽  
Heonir Rocha ◽  
Roque P. Almeida ◽  
Helio Lessa ◽  
Dalmo Correia Filho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Self Healing

scholarly journals Development of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis after Leishmania Skin Test

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo R. Machado ◽  
Augusto M. Carvalho ◽  
Gustavo U. Machado ◽  
Marina L. Dantas ◽  
Sérgio Arruda
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Skin Test ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Self Healing ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Cutaneous Ulcer ◽  
The Right

Thirty-year-old female with a previous history of a cutaneous ulcer suspicious of leishmaniasis 20 years ago presented with a new complaint of a depressed papular lesion8×7 mm in the right lower extremity. The lesion was of 10-day duration. Because early cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) lesions may have a non-ulcerated appearance, a Leishmania skin test (LST) was performed on the forearm with a strong positive result (38×32 mm). After 8 days, the lesion in the leg, which was diagnosed as folliculitis, completely healed. However, a typical CL ulcer (26×24 mm) developed at the LST site. Histopathology of the new lesion did not identifiy parasites, but the findings were consistent with a diagnosis of CL. Further analysis identified amastigotes by immunohistochemical stain. Mononuclear cells harvested from the patient were stimulated with Leishmania antigen and showed high levels of production of both tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ): 2,943 pg/mL and 2,313 pg/mL, respectively. After 40 days of treatment with antimony and pentoxifylline, the ulcer resolved. The development of CL at the LST site suggests a strong Th1 immune response, and it is anin vivodocumentation of the role of the host immune response in the pathology of CL. It teaches us that LST should be cautiously, if at all, used in patients with self-healing CL ulcers.

scholarly journals Mechanisms of Immunopathogenesis in Cutaneous Leishmaniasis And Post Kala-azar Dermal Leishmaniasis (PKDL)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Greta Volpedo ◽  
Thalia Pacheco-Fernandez ◽  
Erin A. Holcomb ◽  
Natalie Cipriano ◽  
Blake Cox ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Self Healing ◽  
Mucocutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Kala Azar ◽  
Degrees Of Severity

Leishmaniasis is a neglected tropical disease that affects 12 million people worldwide. The disease has high morbidity and mortality rates and is prevalent in over 80 countries, leaving more than 300 million people at risk of infection. Of all of the manifestations of this disease, cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is the most common form and it presents as ulcerating skin lesions that can self-heal or become chronic, leading to disfiguring scars. This review focuses on the different pathologies and disease manifestations of CL, as well as their varying degrees of severity. In particular, this review will discuss self-healing localized cutaneous leishmaniasis (LCL), leishmaniasis recidivans (LR), mucocutaneous leishmaniasis (MCL), anergic diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis (ADCL), disseminated leishmaniasis (DL), and Post Kala-azar Dermal Leishmaniasis (PKDL), which is a cutaneous manifestation observed in some visceral leishmaniasis (VL) patients after successful treatment. The different clinical manifestations of CL are determined by a variety of factors including the species of the parasites and the host’s immune response. Specifically, the balance between the pro and anti-inflammatory mediators plays a vital role in the clinical presentation and outcome of the disease. Depending upon the immune response, Leishmania infection can also transition from one form of the disease to another. In this review, different forms of cutaneous Leishmania infections and their immunology are described.

scholarly journals Characterization of Steel Slag Filler and Its Effect on Aging Resistance of Asphalt Mastic with Various Aging Methods

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 869
Author(s):  
Minghua Wei ◽  
Shaopeng Wu ◽  
Haiqin Xu ◽  
Hechuan Li ◽  
Chao Yang
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Surface Characterization ◽  
Steel Slag ◽  
Self Healing ◽  
Limestone Filler ◽  
Asphalt Mastic ◽  
Pore Characterization ◽  
Asphalt Mastics ◽  
Healing Property

Steel slag is the by-product of the steelmaking industry, the negative influences of which prompt more investigation into the recycling methods of steel slag. The purpose of this study is to characterize steel slag filler and study its feasibility of replacing limestone filler in asphalt concrete by evaluating the resistance of asphalt mastic under various aging methods. Firstly, steel slag filler, limestone filler, virgin asphalt, steel slag filler asphalt mastic and limestone filler asphalt mastic were prepared. Subsequently, particle size distribution, surface characterization and pore characterization of the fillers were evaluated. Finally, rheological property, self-healing property and chemical functional groups of the asphalt mastics with various aging methods were tested via dynamic shear rheometer and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer. The results show that there are similar particle size distributions, however, different surface characterization and pore characterization in the fillers. The analysis to asphalt mastics demonstrates how the addition of steel slag filler contributes to the resistance of asphalt mastic under the environment of acid and alkaline but is harmful under UV radiation especially. In addition, the pore structure in steel slag filler should be a potential explanation for the changing resistance of the asphalt mastics. In conclusion, steel slag filler is suggested to replace limestone filler under the environment of acid and alkaline, and environmental factor should be taken into consideration when steel slag filler is applied to replace natural fillers in asphalt mastic.

scholarly journals Physicochemical Characterization Cascade of Nanoadjuvant–Antigen Systems for Improving Vaccines

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 544
Author(s):  
Giuditta Guerrini ◽  
Antonio Vivi ◽  
Sabrina Gioria ◽  
Jessica Ponti ◽  
Davide Magrì ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Protein Structure ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Physicochemical Characterization ◽  
Protein Antigen ◽  
Efficacy And Safety

Adjuvants have been used for decades to enhance the immune response to vaccines, in particular for the subunit-based adjuvants. Physicochemical properties of the adjuvant-protein antigen complexes, such as size, morphology, protein structure and binding, influence the overall efficacy and safety of the vaccine. Here we show how to perform an accurate physicochemical characterization of the nanoaluminum–ovalbumin complex. Using a combination of existing techniques, we developed a multi-staged characterization strategy based on measurements of increased complexity. This characterization cascade has the advantage of being very flexible and easily adaptable to any adjuvant-protein antigen combinations. It will contribute to control the quality of antigen–adjuvant complexes and immunological outcomes, ultimately leading to improved vaccines.

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