The Description of an Efficient Trap for Monitoring Drosophila suzukii Parasitoids in Organic Soft Fruit Crops, and a New Record of Ganaspis brasiliensis (Ihering) (Hymenoptera: Figitidae) from Michoacan, Mexico

2021 ◽  
Vol 123 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Alberto Toledo-Hernández ◽  
Fernando Martínez ◽  
María De Lourdes Ramírez-Ahuja ◽  
Arturo Sánchez ◽  
Douglas Rodríguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Record ◽  
Fruit Crops ◽  
Drosophila Suzukii ◽  
Soft Fruit

Biological Activity of Bacillus thuringiensis in Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae)

2016 ◽  
Vol 109 (3) ◽  
pp. 1071-1078 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Cossentine ◽  
M Robertson ◽  
D Xu
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
North America ◽  
Invasive Pest ◽  
Fruit Crops ◽  
Drosophila Suzukii ◽  
First Instar ◽  
Soft Fruit ◽  
Pupal Mortality ◽  
Adult Drosophila

Abstract Whole-culture extracts of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner strains were assayed against larval and adult Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura), an important invasive pest of many thin-skinned soft fruit crops in North America. Of the 22 serovars tested versus larval D. suzukii , strains of Bacillus thuringiensis var. thuringiensis , kurstaki , thompsoni , bolivia , and pakistani caused high (75 to 100%) first-instar mortalities. Pupal mortality, measured as a failure of adults to emerge, varied with serovar. The first D. suzukii instar was the most susceptible of the three larval instars to B. thuringiensis var. kurstaki HD-1. Larval D. suzukii are shielded from crop treatments, as they develop under the skin of infested fruit, and adults would be a more vulnerable target for an efficacious strain of B. thuringiensis . Only one of the 21 B. thuringiensis serovars, var. thuringiensis , prepared as oral suspensions in sucrose for adult D. suzukii ingestion resulted in significant, albeit low mortality within 7 d. It is not a candidate for use in pest management, as it produces β -exotoxin that is toxic to vertebrates.

The Presence and Accessibility of Competitive Resources Affect Trapping Efficiency of Spotted-Wing Drosophila (Diptera: Drosophilidae)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandeep Singh ◽  
Juan Huang ◽  
Matthew J Grieshop
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Spotted Wing Drosophila ◽  
Trapping Efficiency ◽  
Fruit Crops ◽  
Drosophila Suzukii ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Yeast Cultures ◽  
Soft Fruit ◽  
Vinegar Fly

Abstract Spotted-wing drosophila (Drosophila suzukii, (Matsumura)) is an invasive vinegar fly that has become a serious threat to soft fruit crops. Monitoring for this pest is typically performed using drowning traps baited with live yeast cultures or fermentation volatile blends. Trapping programs using these compounds provide highly variable results across production systems, geographic regions, and growing seasons. Trap competition with fruit is one hypothesis for this inconsistency. This study evaluated the trapping efficiency of yeast and wine baits in the presence and absence of small quantities of host fruits in two binary-choice laboratory experiments. The first experiment evaluated trap capture in clear 946-ml traps with easily accessible water, apple pomace, blueberry, raspberry, strawberry, cherry, or grape as competitive influences. The second experiment evaluated the same competitors, but they were made less accessible. Recapture of flies in arenas containing competitive fruit was reduced by 64–88% when fruit was ‘accessible’ and from 0 to 51% when it was ‘inaccessible’ compared with arenas containing a water competitor. All fruit types provided statistically similar levels of trap interference. In the first experiment, yeast captured more flies compared with wine, whereas in the second experiment, wine captured more flies than yeast. Our results support the hypothesis that the presence of fruit or other reproductive resources will reduce trap captures and that this reduction is likely mediated by the relative accessibility of the fruit versus the trap. Thus, attempts to develop population estimates based on traps should incorporate fruit availability/accessibility.

The attractant, but not the trap design, affects the capture of Drosophila suzukii in berry crops

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Samuel Cruz-Esteban ◽  
Edith Garay-Serrano ◽  
Christian Rodríguez ◽  
Julio C. Rojas
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Cues ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Invasive Pest ◽  
Fruit Crops ◽  
Drosophila Suzukii ◽  
Trap Design ◽  
Apple Cider ◽  
Berry Crops ◽  
Soft Fruit ◽  
Determining Factor

Abstract Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) (Diptera: Drosophilidae) is recognized as an invasive pest in Europe and North America. In Mexico, it is one of the main insect pests of soft-skinned fruits such as blueberries, strawberries, raspberries, blackberries, plums, and guava. Previous studies have shown that D. suzukii uses visual and chemical cues during host plant searching. This knowledge has been used to develop traps and attractants for monitoring D. suzukii. In this study, five trap designs were evaluated to monitor D. suzukii under field conditions. Traps were baited with SuzukiiTrap®, Z-Kinol, an attractant based on acetoin and methionol, or apple cider vinegar (ACV) enriched with 10% ethanol (EtOH) with the synergistic action of carbon dioxide (CO2). Our results suggested that the attractant was the determining factor in capturing D. suzukii, while trap design seemed to play a modest role. We found that traps baited with Z-Kinol captured the highest number of D. suzukii compared to that caught by traps baited with SuzukiiTrap®, or ACV + EtOH + CO2. The highest catch numbers occurred in blackberry, followed by strawberry, raspberry, and blueberry. Traps captured more females than males. The results obtained may be useful for monitoring D. suzukii populations in Mexico and elsewhere, particularly in states where soft fruit crops are a component of agricultural activities.

scholarly journals The use of light spectrum blocking films to reduce populations of Drosophila suzukii Matsumura in fruit crops

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle T. Fountain ◽  
Amir Badiee ◽  
Sebastian Hemer ◽  
Alvaro Delgado ◽  
Michael Mangan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategies ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Biological Data ◽  
Insect Vision ◽  
Invasive Pest ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Fruit Crops ◽  
Light Spectrum ◽  
Drosophila Suzukii ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Spotted wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii, is a serious invasive pest impacting the production of multiple fruit crops, including soft and stone fruits such as strawberries, raspberries and cherries. Effective control is challenging and reliant on integrated pest management which includes the use of an ever decreasing number of approved insecticides. New means to reduce the impact of this pest that can be integrated into control strategies are urgently required. In many production regions, including the UK, soft fruit are typically grown inside tunnels clad with polyethylene based materials. These can be modified to filter specific wavebands of light. We investigated whether targeted spectral modifications to cladding materials that disrupt insect vision could reduce the incidence of D. suzukii. We present a novel approach that starts from a neuroscientific investigation of insect sensory systems and ends with infield testing of new cladding materials inspired by the biological data. We show D. suzukii are predominantly sensitive to wavelengths below 405 nm (ultraviolet) and above 565 nm (orange & red) and that targeted blocking of lower wavebands (up to 430 nm) using light restricting materials reduces pest populations up to 73% in field trials.

Monitoring of Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae) in Okanagan Valley vineyards, British Columbia, Canada, and assessment of damage to table and wine grapes (Vitaceae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 152 (4) ◽  
pp. 415-431
Author(s):  
Susanna Acheampong ◽  
Etienne Lord ◽  
D. Thomas Lowery
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Wine Grape ◽  
Drosophila Suzukii ◽  
Wine Grapes ◽  
Apple Cider ◽  
Table Grapes ◽  
Soft Fruit ◽  
Grape Cultivars ◽  
Okanagan Valley

AbstractSpotted-wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii, (Matsumura) (Diptera: Drosophilidae), has become a serious pest of soft fruit in the Okanagan Valley of British Columbia, Canada since its detection in 2009. The study was conducted to determine the distribution of D. suzukii and damage levels in grapes. Apple cider vinegar-baited traps placed in table and wine grape (Vitis vinifera Linnaeus; Vitaceae) vineyards during 2011–2013 demonstrated that D. suzukii was numerous in all sites, with earliest emergence and highest numbers recorded in 2013. Drosophila suzukii were reared from intact and damaged table grapes and damaged wine grapes collected from the field, but not from intact wine grapes. Drosophila suzukii were reared in low numbers in 2011 from intact fruit of 11 wine grape cultivars exposed artificially in the laboratory. Susceptibility of intact wine grapes under laboratory conditions in 2011 when sour rot was widespread might relate in part to undetected infections of berries due to weather conditions. Identification of Drosophila Fallén species revealed that D. suzukii comprised a small portion of the total. Our results demonstrate that healthy wine grapes in the Okanagan Valley of British Columbia are largely undamaged by D. suzukii, while certain table grape cultivars should be protected from attack.

scholarly journals Pruning of small fruit crops can affect habitat suitability for Drosophila suzukii

2020 ◽  
Vol 294 ◽  
pp. 106860
Author(s):  
Torsten Schöneberg ◽  
Arielle Arsenault-Benoit ◽  
Christopher M. Taylor ◽  
Bryan R. Butler ◽  
Daniel T. Dalton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Suitability ◽  
Fruit Crops ◽  
Drosophila Suzukii ◽  
Small Fruit

scholarly journals Evaluation of Exclusion Netting for Spotted-Wing Drosophila (Diptera: Drosophilidae) Management in Minnesota Wine Grapes

2019 ◽  
Vol 112 (5) ◽  
pp. 2287-2294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominique N Ebbenga ◽  
Eric C Burkness ◽  
William D Hutchison
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Spotted Wing Drosophila ◽  
Wine Grape ◽  
Fruit Crops ◽  
Drosophila Suzukii ◽  
Wine Grapes ◽  
High Fecundity ◽  
Untreated Check ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Spotted-wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura), an economically damaging invasive species of numerous fruit crops, was first detected in Minnesota in 2012. High fecundity, and short generation times facilitated a rapid rise in the global pest status of D. suzukii, particularly in North America and Europe. To date, the majority of crop injury research has focused on fruit crops such as blueberries, raspberries, and cherries. However, little is known regarding the impact of D. suzukii on the wine grape industry in the upper Midwest region of the United States. Field trials were conducted in Minnesota during the summers of 2017–2018 to examine season-long phenology of D. suzukii in wine grape vineyards and wineries, and to assess the efficacy of exclusion netting for control of D. suzukii. Four treatments were evaluated, 1) open plot check (control), 2) open plot treated with an insecticide, 3) exclusion netting, and 4) exclusion netting, with artificial infestations of D. suzukii adults. Exclusion netting was applied at véraison and removed at harvest. On each sample date, 20 berries (10 intact and 10 injured) were collected from each plot for dissection. The number of larvae and adults were recorded for each berry to determine infestation levels. As shown by mean larval infestations and injured berries across treatments, exclusion netting provided a significant reduction in the level of D. suzukii infested berries when compared with the untreated check. These results indicate that exclusion netting could provide an effective alternative management strategy for D. suzukii in wine grapes.

scholarly journals Design and deployment of semiochemical traps for capturing Anthonomus rubi Herbst (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and Lygus rugulipennis Poppius (Hetereoptera: Miridae) in soft fruit crops

2017 ◽  
Vol 99 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle T. Fountain ◽  
Catherine Baroffio ◽  
Anna-Karin Borg-Karlson ◽  
Phil Brain ◽  
Jerry V. Cross ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Crops ◽  
Lygus Rugulipennis ◽  
Anthonomus Rubi ◽  
Soft Fruit

scholarly journals First record of Spotted-wing drosophila Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae) in Martín García Island wildlife refuge, Argentina

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 53-57
Author(s):  
Lautaro E. Bennardo ◽  
Lucas E. Kreiman ◽  
Luciano M. Gandini ◽  
Johnma J. Rondón ◽  
Lucía Turdera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Plants ◽  
First Record ◽  
Small Population ◽  
Spotted Wing Drosophila ◽  
Fruit Crops ◽  
Drosophila Suzukii ◽  
Wildlife Refuge ◽  
Baited Traps ◽  
Fruit Orchards ◽  
Live Yeast

Here we report on the first peculiar detection of the spotted-winged drosophila, Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) on Martín García Island, a wildlife refuge located in the Río de la Plata estuary, Argentina. Flies were collected using banana baited traps fermented with live yeast, in sandy areas with abundant presence of cactus in the interior of the island. The absence of cultivated host plants, e.g., fruit crops, and the small population of humans inhabiting the island make the presence of D. suzukii in this wildlife refuge unexpected. Previous detection of this fly in South America happened mostly within commercial fruit orchards and/or neighboring fields.

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