scholarly journals Prevalence of hepatitis B and C virus co-infection in HIV positive patients attending a health institution in southeast Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 579-586
Author(s):  
Ifeyinwa Dorothy Nnakenyi ◽  
Chisom Uchechukwu ◽  
Uloaku Nto-ezimah
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
B Virus

Background: The health of people living with HIV/AIDS becomes progressively worse when co-infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV), resulting in shortened life span. The modes of transmission of HIV, HBV and HCV are similar. Objective: To determine the prevalence of HBV and HCV co-infection in HIV patients. Method: This was a retrospective study of serology test results for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and antibodies to HCV (anti-HCV) of HIV positive patients registered from 2008-2013 (6years) at the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospi- tal. Adult patients with confirmed HIV seropositivity were included. Ethical approval was obtained and confidentiality of the patient information was maintained. Laboratory records were reviewed to obtain HBsAg, anti-HCV, and CD4 T-lymphocyte results. Prevalence was determined by the number of positive results over total number of patients tested. Chi-square test was used to determine relationships and p<0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Results: 4663 HIV patient records were included comprising 3024 (65%) females and 1639 (35%) males. Serology results showed 365/4663 (7.8%) tested HBsAg-positive only; 219/4663 (4.7%) tested anti-HCV-positive only; and 27/4663 (0.58%) tested both HBsAg and anti-HCV-positive. Correlation of age and sex were statistically significant with HBV and HCV (p<0.05) but not CD4 count (p>0.05). Conclusion: HBV co-infection was more prevalent than HCV, and triple infection was also observed. Screening for these viral infections in the HIV population is necessary for early identification to enable appropriate, holistic management of these patients. Keywords: Hepatitis B virus; Hepatitis C virus; HIV; co-infection.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence and Knowledge of Viral Hepatitis and HIV Among People Who Use Drugs Attending Methadone Therapy Clinic in Tanzania: A Cross-sectional Study.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Semvua Kilonzo ◽  
Daniel W. Gunda ◽  
David C. Majinge ◽  
Hyasinta Jaka ◽  
Paulina M. Manyiri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
People Who Use Drugs ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
B Virus

Abstract Background: Methadone therapy clinics have been recently introduced in Tanzania, aiming at reducing risk behaviors and infection rates of viral hepatitis and HIV among people who use drugs. The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence, associated factors and knowledge level of these conditions among people who use drugs attending a methadone clinic in Tanzania.Methods: We enrolled 253 People who using drugs receiving Methadone therapy. Clinical data was retrospectively collected from the medical records and face-to face interviews were conducted to determine the behavioral risk factors and respondents’ knowledge on viral hepatitis and HIV.Results: An overall seroprevalence of viral hepatitis (either hepatitis B surface antigen or anti-hepatitis C virus) was 6.3%, while that of hepatitis B virus mono infection was 3.5% and anti-hepatitis C virus mono infection was 3.5%. Seroprevalence of HIV was 12.6%. Viral hepatitis was strongly predicted by advanced age (>35 years) (p=0.02) and staying at Kirumba area (p=0.004), and HIV infection was predicted by increased age (>37 years) (p=0.04) and female sex (p<0.001). Regarding the knowledge of viral hepatitis, majority of the respondents were unaware of the transmission methods and availability of hepatitis B virus vaccines and only 17% were classified as well informed (provided ≥ 4 correct answers out of 7 questions). Good knowledge was highly predicted by higher education level of the individual (p=0.001).Conclusions: Despite the efforts to curb viral hepatitis and HIV infections through Methadone clinics, infection rates among people who use drugs are still high and the general knowledge on preventive measures is inadequate.

scholarly journals Hepatitis C virus or hepatitis B virus coinfection and lymphoma risk in people living with HIV

AIDS ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 599-608 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Besson ◽  
Nicolas Noel ◽  
Remi Lancar ◽  
Sophie Prevot ◽  
Michele Algarte-Genin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Lymphoma Risk

scholarly journals MicroRNA 130a Regulates both Hepatitis C Virus and Hepatitis B Virus Replication through a Central Metabolic Pathway

2018 ◽  
Vol 92 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoqiong Duan ◽  
Shilin Li ◽  
Jacinta A. Holmes ◽  
Zeng Tu ◽  
Yujia Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Guide Rna ◽  
Hbv Replication ◽  
B Virus

ABSTRACTHepatitis C virus (HCV) infection has been shown to regulate microRNA 130a (miR-130a) in patient biopsy specimens and in cultured cells. We sought to identify miR-130a target genes and to explore the mechanisms by which miR-130a regulates HCV and hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication. We used bioinformatics software, including miRanda, TargetScan, PITA, and RNAhybrid, to predict potential miR-130a target genes. miR-130a and its target genes were overexpressed or were knocked down by use of small interfering RNA (siRNA) or clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/Cas9 guide RNA (gRNA). Selected gene mRNAs and their proteins, together with HCV replication in OR6 cells, HCV JFH1-infected Huh7.5.1 cells, and HCV JFH1-infected primary human hepatocytes (PHHs) and HBV replication in HepAD38 cells, HBV-infected NTCP-Huh7.5.1 cells, and HBV-infected PHHs, were measured by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western blotting, respectively. We selected 116 predicted target genes whose expression was related to viral pathogenesis or immunity for qPCR validation. Of these, the gene encoding pyruvate kinase in liver and red blood cell (PKLR) was confirmed to be regulated by miR-130a overexpression. miR-130a overexpression (via a mimic) knocked down PKLR mRNA and protein levels. A miR-130a inhibitor and gRNA increased PKLR expression, HCV replication, and HBV replication, while miR-130a gRNA and PKLR overexpression increased HCV and HBV replication. Supplemental pyruvate increased HCV and HBV replication and rescued the inhibition of HCV and HBV replication by the miR-130a mimic and PKLR knockdown. We concluded that miR-130a regulates HCV and HBV replication through its targeting of PKLR and subsequent pyruvate production. Our data provide novel insights into key metabolic enzymatic pathway steps regulated by miR-130a, including the steps involving PKLR and pyruvate, which are subverted by HCV and HBV replication.IMPORTANCEWe identified that miR-130a regulates the target genePKLRand its subsequent effect on pyruvate production. Pyruvate is a key intermediate in several metabolic pathways, and we identified that pyruvate plays a key role in regulation of HCV and HBV replication. This previously unrecognized, miRNA-regulated antiviral mechanism has implications for the development of host-directed strategies to interrupt the viral life cycle and prevent establishment of persistent infection for HCV, HBV, and potentially other viral infections.

scholarly journals Clearance of hepatitis B surface antigen and hepatitis C virus antibody in hepatitis B virus carriers.

Kanzo ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 33 (7) ◽  
pp. 511-516
Author(s):  
Kazuo NOTSUMATA ◽  
Tadao YAMAZAKI ◽  
Masayoshi ITO ◽  
Yukihiro SAKURAI ◽  
Satio TAKASU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Surface Antigen ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Virus Antibody ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C Virus Antibody

scholarly journals ACREDITED MOLECULAR METHODS FOR DETECTION OF INFECTIONS CAUSED BY HIV, HEPATITIS B VIRUS AND HEPATITIS C VIRUS

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 917-920
Author(s):  
Belinda Gelmanovska ◽  
Vaso Taleski
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Molecular Diagnostics ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Molecular Methods ◽  
Great Success ◽  
B Virus

Hepatitis B and C, as well as HIV infections are common pathology in present time. According current assessments 350 million are carriers of Hepatitis B virus, 170 million of Hepatitis C virus and over 60 million infected by HIV. Timely detection and prompt diagnosis of these viral infections are of great importance. According assessments, in our country about 1 of 50 persons are infected by Hepatitis B or Hepatitis C. From the beginning of the epidemic in 1987, until 2016 total number of registered of HIV/AIDS is 311 (179 with AIDS and 131 HIV positive). In JZU - University Clinic for Infectious Diseases and Febrile Conditions Skopje, diagnosis of these viral infections are made by accredited molecular diagnostics methods, PCR, at Department for molecular diagnostics using HCV-RNA, HBV-DNA and HIV-RNA. Aims of accreditation of particular procedures in laboratories is protection and advancing of human health, and preventing of spreading of viral infections. With great success, Department for molecular diagnostics as part of the University Clinic For Infectious Diseases and Febrile Conditions Skopje use the System for quality management according standard MKS EN ISO 15189:2013 for medical laboratories. Accredited molecular methods in use for detection of Hepatitis C virus, Hepatitis B virus and HIV are Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and Genotypisation of HCV with method of Reverse hybridization.

scholarly journals Comparative Study of Seropositivity of Mandatory Blood Transfusion Associated Diseases between Voluntary and Replacement Donors

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (04) ◽  
pp. 199-203
Author(s):  
Jagjeewan Ram ◽  
Lubna Khan ◽  
Namrata Nigam ◽  
Aparna Singh
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Blood Transfusion ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Virus Hepatitis ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

BACKGROUND Every blood transfusion is associated with 1 % chance of transfusion associated problems including transfusion transmitted blood-borne infections to its recipient. The major globally prevalent transfusion transmitted infections are human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, syphilis and malaria parasite. We wanted to compare safety of blood among replacement and voluntary donations by comparing the prevalence of transfusion-transmissible infections among them. METHODS All donors were screened by enzyme-linked immunoassay for five transfusion transmissible infectious agents - human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus and syphilis by collecting plasma from the pilot tube attached to the blood bag. Malaria was tested from whole blood sample. RESULTS A total of 24,491 donors was included in the study. Among them 21,090 (86.11 %) were replacement and 3,401 (13.89 %) were voluntary donors. Out of 24,491 donors, 560 (2.29 %) units tested positive. Hepatitis B virus (hepatitis B surface antigen) is found to be the most prevalent transfusion transmitted infection among both replacement donations and voluntary donations. CONCLUSIONS There should be more voluntary donations to achieve safer blood transfusion practices as self-deferral by donors with high risk condition is the most effective way to reduce prevalence of transfusion transmitted infections. KEYWORDS Enzyme-Linked Immunoassay, Hepatitis C Virus, Hepatitis, Replacement Donors, Transfusion Transmitted Infections, Voluntary Donors

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