Magnitude of Intestinal Parasitosis and Associated Factors in Rural School Children, Northwest Ethiopia

BACKGROUND: Intestinal parasitoses are among the most commonly encountered infections among school children in poor regions of the world. Up to 600 million school children are living in areas where there is high transmission of parasitic worms. Intestinal parasitic infection has been found to have a great effect on nutritional and cognitive status, school absenteeism and dropouts among school age children. This study aimed at determining the prevalence of intestinal parasites infections and associated factors among children in a rural primary school, Northwest Ethiopia.METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in May 2016 among Gob Gob Primary School children. The study participants were provided with labeled stool cups to give stool specimen. The stool samples were processed via direct wet mount and formal-ether concentration techniques. A structured questionnaire was used to collect demographic data and data on factors associated with intestinal parasitic infection through face-to-face interview.RESULTS: Out of the 273 school children, 84(30.8%) were infected with at least one parasite species. Higher proportion of intestinal parasitic infection was recorded for boys (38.9%), the age group 6-10 years (38.9%), children with untrimmed finger nails (36.4%) and among those whose drinking water was from a stream (56.1%). The predominant species identified were A. lumburicoides 28(33.3%), H. nana 12(14%), E. histolytica/dispar 11(13%), G. lamblia 9(11%), hookworms 7(8.3%), Taenia spp 6(7%), E. vermicularis 6(7%), T.trichuria 4(4.8%) and S. stericoralis 1(1.2%).CONCLUSION: This study showed that intestinal parasites were prevalent among the school children in focus. Ascaris lumbricoides was the predominant species.

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Detection of Hookworm (Necator Americanus) and Other Intestinal Parasitic Infection among Primary School Children in Sokoto Metropolis

South Asian Journal of Research in Microbiology ◽

10.9734/sajrm/2021/v10i130219 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 13-24

Author(s):

K. Mohammed ◽

E. Emeagubor ◽

M. U. Iduh ◽

M. K. Garba ◽

S. U. Nataala ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Primary School ◽

School Children ◽

Prevalence Rate ◽

Intestinal Parasites ◽

Parasitic Infection ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Primary School Children ◽

Parasitic Infections ◽

Intestinal Parasitic Infection ◽

The Government

Background: Hookworm is an intestinal parasite of human and is one of the major public health burdens in developing countries, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa. It is estimated that about 3.5 billion people globally and 450 million people are thought to be ill as a result of such infections, the majority being children. Aims: The study aimed to determine the prevalence of Hookworm and other intestinal parasitic infection among primary school children Study Design: This was a cross-sectional, descriptive study Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted in among patients attending Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Teaching Hospital, Sokoto, Sokoto state, between March to November, 2017. Methodology: A total of 224 participants were enrolled for the study. Standard parasitological examination was carried out on stool samples using microscopy followed by formal ether concentration methods Results: Finding revealed, an overall prevalence of 4.5% out of 224 samples examined recorded for both Hookworm and other intestinal parasitic infection. There was high prevalence rate of Hookworm and other intestinal parasitic infection among males (5.3%) than females (3.6%).29 (12%) were positive for intestinal parasitic infections. Males recorded higher prevalence than the females with 19 (11.9%) and 10 (11.8%) respectively Conclusion: The total low prevalence rate of Hookworm and other intestinal parasitic infection may be as a result of improved standard of living and awareness of the Hookworm and other intestinal parasites in the study area. The government, non-governmental agencies and private individuals should help in the provision of social amenities to ensure total eradication of these diseases. The teaching of health education in both private schools should be encouraged by the government which will go a long way in reducing prevalence and intensity of Hookworm infections among the study community.

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Intestinal Parasitic Infection and Its Associated Factors Among Primary School Students in Ethiopia; a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

10.21203/rs.3.rs-55595/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Moges Agazhe Assemie ◽

Pammla Petrucka ◽

Daniel Shitu ◽

Yidersail Hune ◽

Ayele Mamo Abebe ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Primary School ◽

School Children ◽

Associated Factors ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Parasitic Infection ◽

Primary School Children ◽

Health Concern ◽

Intestinal Parasitic Infection ◽

Pooled Prevalence

Abstract Background: Intestinal parasitic infection (IPI) remains a major public health concern affecting both children and adolescents in Ethiopia. However, little attention has been given to intestinal parasitic infection within primary school children. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis was done to determine pooled prevalence and associated factors of intestinal parasitic infection in this target group.Method: We systematically retrieved available articles on the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection in primary school children in Ethiopia. PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, and Science Direct between September 1 and December 27, 2019. Two authors independently extracted all relevant data using a standardized Microsoft™ Excel data extraction form. Heterogeneity among included studies was assessed with the Higgins I2 tests. The pooled estimates and associated factors of primary school children’s intestinal parasitic infection were assessed with a random-effects model using Stata/se Version 14.Result: We have retrieved 30 eligible articles with pooled sample size of 14,445 primary school children with response rate of 97.8%. Entamoeba spp (16.11%), Ascaris lumbricoides (13.98%), Hookworm (12.51%) and Giardia lamblia (9.98%) were among the top four causes of intestinal parasitic infection among primary school children. The pooled prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection was found to be 46.09 (95% CI: 38.50, 53.68). Heterogeneity was assessed by doing subgroup analysis by study province/region, with the highest prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection being 66.6 % (95% CI: 55.5, 77.7) in Tigray region, followed by Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples’ Region at 50.8% (95% CI: 33.1, 68.5). Latrine availability (OR=4.39: 2.50,7.73), fingernail hygiene (OR= 2.37: 1.67, 3.35), place of defecation (OR=1.67:1.64,4.36), maternal education (OR=2.02: 1.18,3.47), residence (OR= 1.88: 1.46, 2.41), habit of wearing shoes (OR= 2.66: 1.79, 3.96), source of drinking water (OR=1.99: 1.42,2.76), hands washing practices (OR= 3.45:1.85,6.47), and habit of washing fruits and vegetables (OR=1.59:1.01,2.49) were found to be significantly associated with intestinal parasitic infection. Conclusions: The prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection was high (46%) in the study population. Therefore, this finding warrants the need to design school children hygiene and sanitation service and expand school children deworming programs to decrease intestinal parasitic infections and improve academic performance in the country. In addition, attention should be given to promoting personal hygiene, latrine utilization, wearing shoes, avoiding eating raw food, and creating awareness for those mothers who lack formal education. Moreover, the researchers try to conduct research on province/regions which have no prior research.

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Prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection and its associated factors among primary school students in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis

PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases ◽

10.1371/journal.pntd.0009379 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (4) ◽

pp. e0009379

Author(s):

Moges Agazhe Assemie ◽

Daniel Shitu ◽

Yidersail Hune ◽

Pammla Petrucka ◽

Ayele Mamo Abebe ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Primary School ◽

School Children ◽

Associated Factors ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Parasitic Infection ◽

Primary School Children ◽

Health Concern ◽

Intestinal Parasitic Infection ◽

Pooled Prevalence

Introduction Intestinal parasitic infection are a major public health concern affecting both children and adolescents in Ethiopia. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine pooled prevalence and associated factors of intestinal parasitic infection in this target group. Method We systematically retrieved available articles on the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection following database searches using PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and Science Direct between March 1 and May 27, 2020. Two authors independently extracted all relevant data using a standardized Microsoft Excel data extraction form. Heterogeneity among included studies was assessed with the Higgins I2 tests. The pooled estimates and associated factors were assessed with a random-effects model using Stata/se Version 14. Result We retrieved 30 eligible articles with a pooled sample size of 14,445 primary school children with response rate of 97.8%. Entamoeba spp (16.11%), Ascaris lumbricoides (13.98%), hookworm (12.51%) and Giardia lamblia (9.98%) are the top causes of intestinal parasitic infection among primary school children in Ethiopia. The pooled prevalence for at least one intestinal parasitic infection was 46.09 (95% CI: 38.50, 53.68). Heterogeneity was assessed by doing subgroup analysis by study province/region. Thus, the highest prevalence of 66.6% (95% CI: 55.5, 77.7) occurred in Tigray region, which was followed by Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples’ Region at 50.8% (95% CI: 33.1, 68.5). No latrine availability (OR = 4.39: 2.50,7.73), no fingernail hygiene (OR = 2.37: 1.67, 3.35), open defecation (OR = 1.67:1.64,4.36), no formal maternal education (OR = 2.02: 1.18,3.47), rural residence (OR = 1.88: 1.46, 2.41), no habit of wearing shoes (OR = 2.66: 1.79, 3.96), non-pipe source of drinking water (OR = 1.99: 1.42,2.76), no regular hand washing practices (OR = 3.45:1.85,6.47), and no habit of washing fruits and vegetables (OR = 1.59:1.01,2.49) were associated with parasitic infection. Conclusions The prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection was high (46%). Attention should be given to promoting personal hygiene, latrine utilization, wearing shoes, avoiding eating raw food, creating awareness for those mothers who lack formal education. Moreover, future research ideally will expand on the topic by conducting research in regions which have no prior research.

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Parasitic Infection and Associated Factors among the Primary School Children in Motta Town, Western Amhara, Ethiopia

American Journal of Public Health Research ◽

10.12691/ajphr-2-6-6 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2 (6) ◽

pp. 248-254 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Mulusew Andualem Asemahagn

Keyword(s):

Primary School ◽

School Children ◽

Associated Factors ◽

Parasitic Infection ◽

Primary School Children

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Prevalence of the common intestinal parasitic infections and predisposing factors among the asymptomatic primary school children in Finoteselam town, West Gojam Zone, Amhara region (Ethiopia).

World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews ◽

10.30574/wjarr.2020.8.2.0210 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 173-188

Author(s):

Maru Wassie Yenene ◽

Abayneh Unasho Gandile

Keyword(s):

Primary School ◽

School Children ◽

Intestinal Parasites ◽

Parasitic Infection ◽

Age Groups ◽

Predisposing Factors ◽

Primary School Children ◽

Parasitic Infections ◽

Intestinal Parasitic Infections ◽

And Control

Background: Intestinal parasitic infections (IPIs) have been still quite common in developing countries including Ethiopia, particularly in children with low socio-economic and poor living conditions. Previous studies in Ethiopia have shown high burden of intestinal parasitic infections among the primary school children. The effective prevention and control of parasitic infections require research work based on the identification of intestinal parasites including associated predisposing factors. Objective: The aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of common intestinal parasitic infections and predisposing factors among the asymptomatic primary school children. Methods: A school based cross- sectional study was conducted from September, 2019- January, 2020 and a total of 422 asymptomatic primary school children were involved in the study. Specimens of the stool samples were examined using the standard parasite and ova method. Direct microscopy using saline and iodine wet mount preparation was used to examine the presence of eggs and larvae of helminthes and trophozoites and cysts of protozoan parasites and formalin ether concentration method was used for quality assurance. Structured questionnaires were also used to collect quantitative data on socio-demographic characteristics and predisposing factors. Analysis of the data was made manually using the thematic framework method including descriptive statistics. Results: Among the 422 students (aged 5-14 years) participated in the study, 245(58%) were positive for one or more intestinal parasites. Of the total infected participants, 192(45.5%) were single infections and 53(12.6%) were double infections identified. Seven types of intestinal parasitic infections were identified in the present study. The most prevalent parasite was Giardia lamblia 95(22.5%) followed by hook worm 58(13.7%). Age groups 5-9 years old were more infected, 173 (70.6%) than age groups 10-14 years old 72(29.4%). This result also showed parasitic infections were associated with predisposing factors related to infectious cycles. Concluding Remarks and Recommendations: The present study revealed that there was a high prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection among students in the targeted primary schools. Therefore, all stakeholders should give attention to raise awareness about the prevention and control mechanisms of intestinal parasitic infections. Moreover, the health services of the local government should develop a habit of mass public health education and deworming intervention to improve the level of parasitic infection and environmental hygiene in the study area.

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Enteric Parasitic Infections among School Children at Rupandehi, Nepal

Journal of Universal College of Medical Sciences ◽

10.3126/jucms.v4i2.19089 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 30-34

Author(s):

Rita Khanal ◽

Sweety Upadhaya ◽

Pramila Lamichhane ◽

Subash Lal Karn ◽

Sandeep Pokhrel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

School Children ◽

Intestinal Parasites ◽

Demographic Data ◽

Parasitic Infection ◽

Primary School Children ◽

Stool Examination ◽

Parasitic Infections ◽

Age Group ◽

Government School ◽

Intestinal Parasitosis

INTRODUCTION: Soil-transmitted helminths (STHs), are the common intestinal parasites among school age children in Nepal. Periodic epidemiological studies and transmission dynamics in parasitic infections will provide accurate understanding. The aim of this study is to find out the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections among primary school children at Rupandehi district Nepal.MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a school based cross-sectional descriptive study including 217 students studying at primary level in two Government School in Rupandehi. The demographic data and anthropometric data was collected. Routine Stool examination was done and concentration techniques were used for maximum recovery of parasites.RESULTS: The prevalence of parasitic infection was 60% (130/217). Statistically significant association was found between parasitic infection and source of drinking water (p<0.05) A. lumbricoides was most common followed by Taenia spp, Hymenolepsis nana and others. Parasitic infection was highest 70% (21/30) in age group 13-15 years and lowest i.e. 38.1% (8/21) in age group 4-6 years. The mean height and weight of children was found to be 1.28 m and 26.5 kg respectively. Among total children 90.8% (197/217) of the children were malnourished (BMI<18.5 kg/m2) and among infected children 90% (117/130) were malnourished.CONCLUSION: The intestinal parasitosis was found comparatively higher in school children in this region. Higher rate of infection was found in malnourished children.Journal of Universal College of Medical Sciences (2016) Vol.04 No.02 Issue 14, page: 30-34

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Prevalence and Risk Factors Associated with Intestinal Parasitic Infection among Primary School Children in Dera District, Northwest Ethiopia

Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology ◽

10.1155/2021/5517564 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-15

Author(s):

Dires Tegen ◽

Destaw Damtie

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Primary School ◽

School Children ◽

Parasitic Infection ◽

Northwest Ethiopia ◽

Primary School Children ◽

Parasitic Infections ◽

Intestinal Parasitic Infection ◽

Factors Associated ◽

School Based

Background. Globally, over 600 million school children are living with intestinal parasites. The prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections (IPIs) among school children in Ethiopia and the Amhara region is 52% and 51%, respectively. The present study aimed to determine the prevalence and associated risk factors of IPIs among primary school children in Dera district, Northwest Ethiopia. Methods. A school-based cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2019 to February 2020. The study used a structured pretested questionnaire and stool tests to obtain epidemiological and disease data. Data were analyzed using appropriate univariate and multivariable logistic regression methods by statistical package for social science (SPSS) version 25.0. Results. Of the 382 students who were examined for IPIs, 238 (62.3%) (61.8% males, 62.8% females) were positive for one or more IPIs. One hundred thirty-six (35.6%), 98 (25.7%), and 4 (1.05%) were single, double, and triple infections, respectively. Out of the nine species of IPIs detected, Entamoeba sp. was the predominant species (29.6%) followed by hookworm (21.7%), Schistosoma mansoni (11.3%), Taenia sp. (9.2%), Giardia lamblia (5.2%), and Ascaris lumbricoides, Hymenolepis nana, and Enterobius vermicularis (4.2%) each, and Trichuris trichiura (0.5%). Family size greater than five (AOR = 1.8; 95% CI: 1.004, 3.13), open field school waste disposal (AOR = 15.88; 95% CI: 1.91, 132.1), and lack of knowledge about intestinal parasitic infection (AOR = 1.8; 95% CI: 1.1, 3.2) were the independent risk factors associated with the overall prevalence of IPIs. Conclusions. The prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection was high in the Dera district. Health education, extending school-based deworming, and mass treatments are recommended.

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