scholarly journals Evaluation des méthodes de piégeage des termites au nord du Burkina Faso

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 2556-2566
Author(s):  
Aïchatou Nadia Christelle Dao ◽  
Saidou Nacambo ◽  
Fernand Sankara ◽  
Salimata Pousga ◽  
Kalifa Coulibaly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Traditional Method ◽  
Sun Exposure ◽  
Poultry Feed ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Trapping Methods ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Protein Feed

En Afrique de l’Ouest, les termites sont communément utilisés comme alimentation protéinique pour la volaille. Cette étude avait pour objectif de tester et d’améliorer une méthode traditionnelle de collecte des termites par piégeage avec un récipient renversé, au Nord du Burkina Faso. Des essais ont été menés avec deux genres de termites (Macrotermes et Odontotermes) afin d’évaluer l’effet des saisons, des substrats, des récipients et de l’exposition au soleil sur leur piégeage. Six substrats ont été utilisés avec trois types de récipients (en terre cuite, en fer et en plastique) pour collecter les termites. Les résultats ont montré que le canari en terre cuite est le meilleur récipient pour la collecte des termites. Les meilleurs substrats pour capturer les Macrotermes, ont été les substrats contenant des tiges de sorgho et, pour les Odontotermes, les substrats contenant la bouse de vache. L’exposition des pièges au soleil a eu un effet négatif significatif sur les Odontotermes, mais pas sur les Macrotermes. Ces résultats peuvent aider les aviculteurs à améliorer le piégeage des termites en utilisant le récipient et les substrats les plus adéquats et en protégeant leur piège du soleil.Mots clés : Termites, aliments pour volaille, Macrotermes, Odontotermes, Burkina Faso.   English Title: Evaluation of termite trapping methods in northern Burkina Faso In West Africa, termites are commonly used as a protein feed for poultry. The objective of this study was to test and improve a traditional method of trapping termites with an overturned container in northern Burkina Faso. Trials have been conducted with two termite genera (Macrotermes and Odontotermes) to assess the effect of seasons, substrates, containers and sun exposure on their trapping. Six substrates were used with three types of containers (terracotta, iron and plastic) to collect termites. The results showed that the terracotta container is the best container for collecting termites. The best substrates for Macrotermes were the substrates containing sorghum stalks and, for Odontotermes, the substrates containing cow dung. Exposure of the traps to the sun had a significant negative effect on Odontotermes, but not on Macrotermes. These results can help poultry farmers improve termite trapping by using the most suitable container and substrates and protecting their trap from the sun.Keywords: Termites, poultry feed, Macrotermes, Odontotermes, Burkina Faso.

scholarly journals Traditional methods of harvesting termites used as poultry feed in Burkina Faso

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aïchatou Nadia Christelle Dao ◽  
Fernand Sankara ◽  
Salimata Pousga ◽  
Kalifa Coulibaly ◽  
Jacques Philippe Nacoulma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Poultry Feed ◽  
Termite Mounds ◽  
Termite Species ◽  
Traditional Methods ◽  
Organic Matters ◽  
Trapping Methods ◽  
Harvesting Method ◽  
Poultry Farmers

AbstractTermites are commonly used by smallholder farmers in West Africa to feed their poultry. A survey was carried out among poultry farmers in Burkina Faso to gather knowledge on the traditional methods used to obtain termites for poultry feed, to assess which termite genera are collected with which techniques and evaluate prospects for optimising and improving the collection and trapping methods. Data were collected among 1100 poultry farmers in eight regions of Burkina Faso on the harvesting techniques, the termite species and their local names as well as on the use of residues. After the interviews, termite samples were collected with the farmers and identified in the laboratory. At least five termite species were found. Species of the genera Odontotermes, Trinervitermes and Macrotermes are commonly given to chickens and guinea fowls whereas a Cubitermes species is sometimes used to feed guinea fowls. Two categories of methods are used to obtain termites, the direct collection by breaking termite mounds and the trapping of termites in containers filled with organic matters. The harvesting method varies with the termite genus, the region and the season. Different techniques with various types of containers and organic matters are used in the country and these techniques should be tested and compared to recommend the most efficient ones. The enhancement of termite trapping methods and their integration in poultry feed have the potential to significantly improve traditional poultry farming in Burkina Faso.

scholarly journals Indigenous knowledge and potential of termites as poultry feed in Burkina Faso

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 211-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Sankara ◽  
S. Pousga ◽  
N.C.A. Dao ◽  
D.S.J.C Gbemavo ◽  
V.A. Clottey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Poultry Feed ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Household Surveys ◽  
Termite Species ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Poultry Farmers ◽  
Poultry Nutrition ◽  
Supplementary Feed

The purpose of this study, carried out in eight regions in Burkina Faso, West Africa, was to assess the use and knowledge of termites in poultry nutrition in Burkina Faso and to analyse the factors influencing this use. Household surveys were conducted to collect data on the socio-demographic characteristics of poultry farmers and the use of termites in poultry feed. These surveys involved 1,100 farmers in 32 villages. Poultry farmers mostly raise chicken and guinea fowls and these two species are also those that receive termites as supplementary feed. 78% of the surveyed farmers use termites to feed their poultry, but the rate strongly varied among regions and provinces. Several reasons were given for not using termites, the most common being the unavailability of termites followed by the lack of time and not being aware of the technique. Farmers were aware of termite species they consider as toxic in feeding chicks. Understanding the link between the use and availability of termites in poultry nutrition in West Africa is an important step towards the improvement of poultry production.

scholarly journals Developmentally Regulated Oscillations in the Expression of UV Repair Genes in a Soilborne Plant Pathogen Dictate UV Repair Efficiency and Survival

mBio ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shira Milo-Cochavi ◽  
Sheera Adar ◽  
Shay Covo
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Plant Pathogen ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Sun Exposure ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Repair Gene ◽  
Repair Capacity ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Repair Genes

ABSTRACT The ability to withstand UV damage shapes the ecology of microbes. While mechanisms of UV tolerance were extensively investigated in microorganisms regularly exposed to the sun, far less is known about UV repair of soilborne microorganisms. Fusarium oxysporum is a soilborne fungal plant pathogen that is resistant to UV light. We hypothesized that its UV repair capacity is induced to deal with irregular sun exposure. Unlike the SOS paradigm, our analysis revealed only sporadic increases and even decreases in UV repair gene expression following UVC irradiation or exposure to visible light. Strikingly, a major factor determining the expression of UV repair genes was the developmental status of the fungus. At the early stages of germination, the expression of photolyase increased while the expression of UV endonuclease decreased, and then the trend was reversed. These gene expression oscillations were dependent on cell cycle progression. Consequently, the contribution of photoreactivation to UV repair and survival was stronger at the beginning of germination than later when a filament was established. F. oxysporum germinates following cues from the host. Early on in germination, it is most vulnerable to UV; when the filament is established, the pathogen is protected from the sun because it is already within the host tissue. IMPORTANCE Fusarium oxysporum infects plants through the roots and therefore is not exposed to the sun regularly. However, the ability to survive sun exposure expands the distribution of the population. UV from the sun is toxic and mutagenic, and to survive sun exposure, fungi encode several DNA repair mechanisms. We found that Fusarium oxysporum has a gene expression program that activates photolyase at the first hours of germination when the pathogen is not established in the plant tissue. Later on, the expression of photolyase decreases, and the expression of a light-independent UV repair mechanism increases. We suggest a novel point of view to a very fundamental question of how soilborne microorganisms defend themselves against sudden UV exposure.

Can Farmers of Burkina Faso Use Seasonal Rainfall Forecasts?

2000 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 24-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla Roncoli ◽  
Keith Ingram ◽  
Paul Kirshen
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Seasonal Rainfall ◽  
Seasonal Forecasts ◽  
Recent Event ◽  
Livelihood Security ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Seasonal Rainfall Forecasts

In this article we bring anthropological reflections to bear on a recent event we participated in, whereby farmers and scientists came together to discuss the possibility of applying rainfall seasonal forecasts to improve agricultural production and livelihood security in West Africa. In so doing, We also report on the research findings from the project that organized this encounter and that we have been working with for the last three years. Our intent is to highlight the complexities and challenges inherent in this process of integrating scientific information and farmers' production decisions, while also pointing to practical issues to be considered in implementing such initiatives.

scholarly journals Technologies traditionnelles de transformation des graines de néré (Parkia biglobosa Jacq. R.Br.) en Afrique de l’Ouest : revue des principaux produits dérivés et contraintes de production.

2020 ◽  
Vol 152 ◽  
pp. 15698-15708
Author(s):  
COULIBALY DIAKITE Mariam ◽  
PARKOUDA Charles ◽  
COMPAORE Sidbewendé Clarisse ◽  
SAVADOGO Aly
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Parkia Biglobosa ◽  
Afrique De L’Ouest ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Research Perspectives ◽  
Traditional Technologies ◽  
Locust Bean ◽  
African Locust Bean ◽  
Afrique De L'ouest

Les graines de néré (Parkia biglobosa) sont transformées traditionnellement en Afrique de l’Ouest en des condiments fermentés sous différentes appellations : soumbala au Burkina Faso, nététu au Sénégal, soumbara en Guinée Conakry, dawadawa et iru au Nigéria, afitin, iru et sonru au Bénin. Ces produits sont caractérisés par la variabilité de leur qualité et des contraintes liées à leur production. La présente revue a pour objectif d’analyser les technologies traditionnelles utilisées pour la production de ces condiments fermentés à base de graines de néré et de faire ressortir les contraintes/difficultés de production de ces condiments. Les données ont été collectées à travers les documents physiques consultés (thèses et mémoires) et à partir des articles scientifiques et d’autres documents trouvés en ligne. Il en résulte que les technologies de production traditionnelle des condiments à base de graine de néré en Afrique de l’Ouest, incluent principalement selon les zones et les ethnies, une première cuisson des graines allant de 12-48 h, un décorticage manuel des graines cuites, une seconde cuisson des graines décortiquées et lavées variant de 1-4 h et enfin, une fermentation des cotylédons cuits allant de 24-120 h. Ces technologies ont également en commun, des contraintes majeures de pénibilités du processus de cuisson, du décorticage/lavage, de la consommation importante d’énergie, d’eau et de temps. Les données de cette revue ouvrent ainsi de nouvelles pistes de recherche pour l’amélioration des procédés traditionnels de transformation des graines de néré. Mots clés : Graines de néré, condiment, soumbala, procédé, pénibilité. Coulibaly Diakite et al., J. Appl. Biosci. 2020 Technologies traditionnelles de transformation des graines de néré (Parkia biglobosa Jacq. R.Br.) en Afrique de l’Ouest : revue des principaux produits dérivés et contraintes de production 15699 Traditional technologies for processing African locust bean seeds (Parkia biglobosa Jacq. R.Br.) in West Africa: review on the main derivatives and production constraints. ABSTRACT African locust bean (Parkia biglobosa) seeds are traditionally transformed in West Africa into fermented condiments under different names: soumbala in Burkina Faso, netetu in Senegal, soumbara in Guinea Conakry, dawadawa and iru in Nigeria, afitin, iru and sonru in Benin. These products are characterized by the variability of their quality and the constraints linked to their production. The objective of this study is to analyze the traditional technologies used for the production of these fermented condiments and to highlight the constraints/difficulties associated to their production. The data were collected through the physical documents consulted (theses and dissertations) and from scientific articles and other documents found online. It appear that the traditional technologies used to produce P. biglobosa seeds based-condiments in West Africa, mainly include, according to the zones and ethnic groups, a first cooking of the seeds ranging from 12-48 h, a manual dehulling of the cooked seeds, a second cooking of the dehulled and washed seeds varying from 1-4 h and finally, a fermentation of the cooked cotyledons ranging from 24-120 h. These technologies have in common the major constraints of hardness of the process of cooking and dehulling/washing, significant consumption of energy, water and time. Data from this review opens research perspectives for the improvement of the traditional processing of P. biglobosa seeds. Keywords: P. biglobosa seeds, condiment, soumbala, process.

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