Livelihood functions of fisher households under a cold-water production environment of Kashmir, Jammu and Kashmir, India

This study comprehensively investigated the livelihood security scenario of fisher households (FHs) employing the CARE framework with little modifications, in Kashmir, India. Primary data for this study was collected from selected FHs, and a regression function was fitted to quantify the determinants of livelihood security. The findings revealed that fishing has been their dominant livelihood option. The landholding owned by the households was meagre enough to carry out farming or domesticate animals on commercial lines. Poor capital endowments place them at less livelihood security level; however, the respondents with diversified income have a relatively higher index value for livelihood. The regression estimates indicated that barring social and natural capital, all forms of capital have a significant role to play in securing their livelihood. Poor livelihood security, coupled with less income flow, has made their survival vulnerable to various distresses and health disorders, including the prevalence of Infant & Maternal Mortality. Their dietary intake was undesirably less than their dietary recommendations. The COVID-19 pandemic was perceived as a shock to their livelihood security. Further, public investment, which is pertinent for the growth of the fisheries sector, has shown a discouraging trend. The study concluded with a few policy suggestions for securing the livelihood of the fisher community.

A STUDY ON THE LIVELIHOOD SECURITY OF MIGRANT CHILDREN YADGIR DISTRICT, KARNATAKA STATE

Migration shapes children and the world. It is accomplished by boosting individuals who may be more acceptant of transformation and variation and who are less observant and much more exposed and recognizing of the others, and those who have the most hurdles to overcome, like learning a foreign language, adapting to changing culture, and establishing more global connections. Based upon the origin and the social assistance provided by a host nation, children from migrant families had diverse experiences in life and possibilities. The academic achievement of migrant children and their psychological condition, social inclusion, and family responsibilities are all boosted by parental participation and action. Furthermore, it is essential for the migrant children parents should motivate their children to accept the current culture and acquire a new language, thereby maintaining their practices and culture at family. While migrant children go over the migration process, they confront various problems. The biggest issue affecting their well-being is changing surroundings, which has also become a barrier to intellectual growth and childhood happy memories. This study aims to explore the survival strategies and livelihood of migrant children. Also, it illustrates and evaluates the forces that drive children’s migration and their experiences and feelings as they try to adjust to their new surroundings. This study examines migrant workers’ household capital status and risk and the impact on their children. The conceptual framework is presented to understand migrant children’s livelihood security. Keywords: Capital, Household risks, Migrant Chil