scholarly journals Evolution of Electricity Metering Technologies in Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-165
Author(s):  
F.M. Dahunsi ◽  
O.R. Olakunle ◽  
A.O. Melodi
Keyword(s):  
Distribution System ◽  
Electricity Distribution ◽  
Distribution Grid ◽  
Customer Interaction ◽  
High Line ◽  
Smart Distribution Grid ◽  
Regulatory Commission ◽  
Government Reforms ◽  
Energy Theft ◽  
User Friendly

Advancement in technology has continuously driven the evolution of metering devices and infrastructure in the world and has resulted in more accurate and user-friendly devices equipped with customer interaction interfaces. The evolution of metering technology in Nigeria arose with the unbundling of the National Electric Power Authority (NEPA) but have not progressed smoothly and successfully despite the implementation of various reforms and policies in the Nigerian electricity industry. The persisting problems in the electricity distribution system such as energy theft, vandalism, energy wastage, high line losses can be overcome by the deployment of appropriate metering infrastructure. In the second quarter of 2020, the Nigerian Electricity Regulatory Commission revealed that the total registered customers and total metered customers are 10,516,090 and 4,234,759 respectively leaving a metering gap of 59.73%; after 124 years of commercial electricity availability in Nigeria. This paper discusses Nigeria's metering history and the challenges encountered in the transition of policies, technologies and government reforms. The paper also proposes the way forward to a successful transitioning into a smart distribution grid.

Overview of Distribution Automation

2014 ◽  
Vol 552 ◽  
pp. 183-186
Author(s):  
Xue Song Zhou ◽  
Ya Fei Yuan ◽  
You Jie Ma
Keyword(s):  
Power Distribution ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Distribution Automation ◽  
Automation System ◽  
Distribution Grid ◽  
Feeder Automation ◽  
Distribution Management ◽  
Smart Distribution Grid ◽  
And Control

A distribution system consists of all sorts of power distribution equipment, communication system and control equipment. It works according to certain rules to meet the demand of users by the high quality of electric energy . Distribution Automation (DA) can realize the automation of system operation and management to provide customers with stable, reliable electricity and obtain maximum benefits .This paper generally introduces the concept, function, developing future of Distribution Automation System. Distribution Automation includes feeder automation, automatic distribution management and user automation, and this paper introduces the basic situation and problems of them. Finally, it is concluded that Distribution Automation is the inevitable trend of Distribution System,and will be gradually developing in the direction of smart distribution grid.

The Current Research on Distribution Automation System

2015 ◽  
Vol 727-728 ◽  
pp. 835-838
Author(s):  
You Jie Ma ◽  
De Xiang Wang ◽  
Xue Song Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Power Distribution ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Distribution Automation ◽  
Automation System ◽  
Distribution Grid ◽  
Feeder Automation ◽  
Distribution Management ◽  
Smart Distribution Grid ◽  
And Control

A distribution system consists of all sorts of power distribution equipment, communication system and control equipment. It works according to certain rules to meet the demand of users by the high quality of electric energy. Distribution Automation(DA) can realize the automation of system operation and management to provide customers with stable, reliable electricity and obtain maximum benefits .This paper generally introduces the concept, function, developing future of Distribution Automation System. Distribution Automation includes feeder automation, automatic distribution management and user automation, and this paper introduces the basic situation and problems of them. Finally, it is concluded that Distribution Automation is the inevitable trend of Distribution System，and will be gradually developing in the direction of smart distribution grid.

scholarly journals A Two-Step State Estimation Algorithm for Hybrid AC-DC Distribution Grids

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 1967
Author(s):  
Gaurav Kumar Roy ◽  
Marco Pau ◽  
Ferdinanda Ponci ◽  
Antonello Monti
Keyword(s):  
State Estimation ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Estimation Algorithm ◽  
The State ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Distribution Grid ◽  
Dc Distribution ◽  
Attractive Option ◽  
Distribution Grids

Direct Current (DC) grids are considered an attractive option for integrating high shares of renewable energy sources in the electrical distribution grid. Hence, in the future, Alternating Current (AC) and DC systems could be interconnected to form hybrid AC-DC distribution grids. This paper presents a two-step state estimation formulation for the monitoring of hybrid AC-DC grids. In the first step, state estimation is executed independently for the AC and DC areas of the distribution system. The second step refines the estimation results by exchanging boundary quantities at the AC-DC converters. To this purpose, the modulation index and phase angle control of the AC-DC converters are integrated into the second step of the proposed state estimation formulation. This allows providing additional inputs to the state estimation algorithm, which eventually leads to improve the accuracy of the state estimation results. Simulations on a sample AC-DC distribution grid are performed to highlight the benefits resulting from the integration of these converter control parameters for the estimation of both the AC and DC grid quantities.

Pipeline Instrumentation: The British Gas National Transmission System

1987 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-25
Author(s):  
P Gilbert
Keyword(s):  
Distribution System ◽  
Transmission System ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Pipeline System ◽  
Operating Pressure ◽  
Distribution Grid ◽  
History Of Development ◽  
History Of ◽  
Instrument Engineer ◽  
Transmission And Distribution

The transmission and distribution system operated by British Gas plc is the largest integrated pipeline system in Europe. The whole system comprises a national transmission system which carries gas from five terminals to the twelve gas regions. Each region in turn carries the gas through a regional transmission system into a distribution grid and thence onto its customers. The national, regional and distribution system all present the instrument engineer with different technical challenges because of the way in which they have been built and are operated, however, it is simplest to characterise them by their process conditions. The operating pressure is highest in the national transmission system being up to 75 bar, in the regional transmission system the pressure is usually less than 37 bar, and in the distribution grid it is less than 7 bar. In general, the pipe diameters decrease from the national system downwards, and the measured flowrates are lowest in the distribution grids. This paper is concerned only with instrumentation on the national transmission system. The discussion will cover current technology which is typical of that being installed at present, and concentrates on the more commonly found instrumentation. The paper begins with a brief history of development of the national transmission system and a description of how it is operated. This is followed by a discussion on the application of computers to the control of unmanned installations. A section concerning the measurement of pressure and its application to the control of the system comes next. The main part of the paper contains an analysis of high accuracy flowmetering and the paper concludes with some comments on developments in instrumentation and their application to changing operation of the national transmission system.

Multi-Mode Communication Distribution Network Supervisory Terminal Unit Based on Embedded Systems

2013 ◽  
Vol 341-342 ◽  
pp. 1229-1234
Author(s):  
Guang Yang ◽  
Li Ping Su ◽  
Ru Lin Zhao ◽  
Jun Sheng Wu
Keyword(s):  
Embedded Systems ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Distribution Grid ◽  
Local Data ◽  
Terminal Unit ◽  
Grid Construction ◽  
Smart Distribution Grid ◽  
Multi Mode

Distribution network supervisory terminal unit is widely used in the smart distribution grid construction. To solve the problem that the means of communication is short, a multi-mode communication distribution network supervisory terminal is proposed which can be contactless operated and can collect and transfer local data remotely.

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