Constipation-relieving effect of L-arabinose

Purpose: To investigate the mitigating effect of L-arabinose on constipation in a mouse model of experimental constipation.Methods: Kunming mice were used as experimental animals to establish a constipation model. Intestinal propulsion, first defecation time, number of defecation pellets, and the weight of defecation pellets in 5 h were measured. L-Arabinose was given at 3 dose levels, viz, low dose (0.5 g/kg/day),medium dose (0.75 g/kg/day), and high dose (2.5 g/kg/day), and their effects on constipation were compared with that of the model control group.Results: Compared with the model control group, there were significant differences in ink propulsion (F= 22.67, p < 0.05); time taken for first black stool to appear (F = 19.51, p < 0.05), number of fecal pellets (F = 12.22, p < 0.05), and fecal weight (F = 5, p < 0.05) in the L-arabinose groups.Conclusion: L-Arabinose relieves constipation symptoms in an experimental mouse model of constipation. Therefore, L-arabinose may be useful in the management of patients with constipation, but further studies in humans are required to ascertain this. Keywords: L-Arabinose, Fecal pellets/grains, Constipation, Stool, Intestinal propulsion

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Curative Effect and Mechanism of Guiren Runchang Granules on Morphine-Induced Slow Transit Constipation in Mice

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2020/5493192 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Yihan Sun ◽

Chengqiu Yan ◽

Shifeng Jin ◽

Chong Shi ◽

Jingming Zhao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immunohistochemical Analysis ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Control Group ◽

High Dose ◽

Slow Transit Constipation ◽

Model Control ◽

Model Control Group ◽

Slow Transit ◽

Transit Constipation ◽

Medium Dose

Recent studies have identified the curative effects of traditional Chinese medicine for constipation. The mechanism of action of Guiren Runchang granules (GRGs) in the treatment of slow transit constipation (STC) was evaluated in this study. Here, we assessed the efficacy of GRG by comparing the differences in fecal characteristics, stool weight, and intestinal transit rate (ITR) among 6 groups (n = 12/group), which were administered three concentrations of GRG, mosapride, and saline. The influence of GRG on the SCF/c-kit pathway, AQP4, and serum motilin of mice was assessed through ELISA, western blot, and immunohistochemical analysis. The dry weight of mouse feces at 24 hr and ITR in the MD (medium-dose GRG; 9.44 g/kg/d) and HD (high-dose GRG; 18.88 g/kg/d) groups was higher than that in the MC (model control) group. The serum motilin of morphine-induced mice level was lower in the MC group than in the NC (normal control) group, and this condition was improved in the HD group. The HD group expressed significantly higher levels of SCF and c-kit protein but lower levels of AQP4 and simultaneously presented more SCF-positive and c-kit-positive cells. However, no differences in the serum SCF level were found among the six groups. Certain concentrations of GRG are effective in STC mice, the potential mechanism of which may be associated with repairing the SCF/c-kit pathway and reducing the expression of AQP4 in the colon. GRG improved the serum motilin level but had no influence on the serum SCF level.

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Antitumor activity of tanshinone and its nanoparticles on U14 cervical carcinoma-bearing mice

Nanobiomedicine ◽

10.1177/1849543516673446 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 3 ◽

pp. 184954351667344

Author(s):

Ya Di ◽

Qingjie Meng ◽

Hongwei Yang ◽

Kun Li ◽

Liyan Cao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Superoxide Dismutase ◽

Cervical Carcinoma ◽

Antitumor Effect ◽

Salvia Miltiorrhiza ◽

Control Group ◽

High Dose ◽

Tumor Inhibition ◽

Malondialdehyde Content ◽

Model Control ◽

Model Control Group

In this study, tanshinone was extracted from Salvia miltiorrhiza. To improve the utilization and the dissolution of the drug, the tanshinone extractions were prepared at a pharmaceutical nanoscale and in the nanometer range of 100–200 nm. Then, the rate of tumor inhibition and the activity of antioxidant system and the thymus/spleen indices were investigated to find the antitumor effect of nanoparticles of tanshinone in cervical carcinoma-bearing mice. Our data suggest that tanshinone inhibits cervical tumor growth and the rates of tumor inhibition of all drug groups were more than 45%. The highest rate was 70.88% in the high dose of nanoscale tanshinone group. The activities of superoxide dismutase were higher in drug groups than in the model control group, and the concentrations of malondialdehyde were significantly lower. These findings suggested that tanshinone enhance the superoxide dismutase activity of the mice and decrease the malondialdehyde content. It may be one of the mechanisms of antitumor effect of tanshinone. The thymus index and spleen index were higher than normal control or model control. These data suggested that tanshinone also enhanced the immune system of mice.

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Effects of uranium depletion on 1α-hydroxylase in kidney of rats

Human & Experimental Toxicology ◽

10.1177/0960327110379251 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 30 (7) ◽

pp. 786-790 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Minfen Yan ◽

Gaoren Zhong ◽

Linfeng Gao ◽

Xiqiao Xia ◽

Lihua Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Active Form ◽

Underlying Mechanism ◽

Biologically Active ◽

Control Group ◽

High Dose ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Blank Control Group ◽

Sprague Dawley Rats ◽

Dose Levels ◽

Medium Dose

This study was designed to evaluate the effects of depleted uranium (DU) on 1α-hydroxylase in the kidney of rats and to delinerate the mechanism of damage to kidneys and bones by DU. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were surgically implanted with DU fragments at three dose levels (0.1 g, 0.2 g and 0.3 g). After 3, 6 or 12 months, the concentration of 1α,25(OH)2D3 in the kidney was measured by radioimmunoassay. The activity of 1α-hydroxylase was shown by the production of 1α,25(OH)2D3 after incubation. The results showed that the 1α-hydroxylase activity in the kidney was decreased after 3 months (27.2% at the medium dose DU group, p < 0.05; 33.4% at the high dose DU group, p < 0.01). In contrast, at 6 months and 12 months after implantation of DU, the activity of renal 1α-hydroxylase in DU-treated animals was not decreased significantly in comparison with the controls (p > 0.05). On the other hand, the activity of renal 1α-hydroxylase was decreased by 33.1% (p < 0.05) and 34.4% (p < 0.01) in blank control groups at 6 and 12 months, respectively, when compared with the blank control group at 3 months. In conclusion, this study showed that chronic DU exposure could induce renal damages and inhibit the synthesis of biologically active form of vitamin D, which may be the underlying mechanism of bone metabolic disorder caused by renal injury after DU exposure.

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Pulmonary changes during acute experimental murine manson schistosomiasis

Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical ◽

10.1590/s0037-86822009000100002 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 42 (1) ◽

pp. 5-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Samaly dos Santos Souza ◽

Joaquim Pereira de Souza Neto ◽

Zilton A. Andrade

Keyword(s):

Mouse Model ◽

Acute Phase ◽

Inflammatory Mediators ◽

The Other ◽

Control Group ◽

Inflammatory Lesions ◽

Experimental Mouse Model ◽

Infected Control Group ◽

Experimental Mouse ◽

Pulmonary Changes

Dry cough, dyspnea and manifestations of bronchial asthma have recently been observed in patients with acute schistosomiasis. To investigate the type and pathogenesis of these conditions, an experimental mouse model for acute schistosomiasis was used. Forty mice were divided into four groups of ten each: three infected groups and a non-infected control group. The animals were examined 7, 28-35 and 40 days after exposure to cercariae. During the acute phase of the infection (28-35 days), a process of multifocal interstitial pneumonitis involving the peribronchial, peribronchiolar and subpleural tissues was found. This process was not seen during the other phases of the infection. Indirect immunofluorescence failed to demonstrate the presence of schistosomal antigens in the acute-phase lesions. The pneumonitis was attributed to products (inflammatory mediators) from acute-phase periovular necrotic-inflammatory lesions in the liver that were transported to the lungs by the bloodstream.

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Intestinal anti-inflammatory activity of Ulva ohnoi oil in DSS-induced experimental mouse model

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-94475-z ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

JeongEun Kang ◽

JiSun Park ◽

Jung-Kil Seo ◽

WonHyung Choi ◽

SooCheol Choi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mouse Model ◽

Large Scale ◽

Physiological Activity ◽

Animal Experiments ◽

Green Tide ◽

Control Group ◽

Experimental Mouse Model ◽

Experimental Mouse ◽

Ulva Ohnoi ◽

Anti Inflammatory

AbstractThis study was conducted to examine the physiological activity of Ulva ohnoi, some of which may be used for food or natural products but could disturbing coastal ecosystems due to large scale green-tide, to check values of U. ohnoi oil through experimental results. U. ohnoi oil was extracted from bulk of Ulva biomass to confirm its antioxidant and antibacterial activity, and the efficacy of U. ohnoi oil in the state of inflammation was confirmed through animal experiments. To confirm the anti-inflammatory effect, a mouse model induced with DSS was used. As a result of measuring NO using plasma after induction of inflammation, the amount of NO produced in the U. ohnoi oil group was decreased compared to the control group. Expression of inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β was decreased compared to the control group. As a result of observing H&E staining, lower crypt loss and inflammatory cell infiltration were found in the U. ohnoi oil group compared to the control group. Consequently, U. ohnoi oil appears to have great anti-inflammatory properties.

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Immunoregulatory function of Dictyophora echinovolvata spore polysaccharides in immunocompromised mice induced by cyclophosphamide

Open Life Sciences ◽

10.1515/biol-2021-0055 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 620-629

Author(s):

Chenqiang Lin ◽

Hui Zhang ◽

Longjun Chen ◽

Yu Fang ◽

Jichen Chen

Keyword(s):

Lymphocyte Transformation ◽

Positive Control ◽

Control Group ◽

High Dose ◽

Humoral And Cellular Immunity ◽

Model Control ◽

Healthy Female ◽

Group A ◽

Immunocompromised Mice ◽

Immune Imbalance

Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the Dictyophora echinovolvata spore polysaccharides (DESP) affect the immunity in immunocompromised mice induced by cyclophosphamide (CTX). The healthy female Kunming mice were randomly divided into six groups, including a normal control (NC) group, a positive control group, a model control (MC) group, and three groups treated with low-, intermediate-, and high-dose polysaccharide, respectively. A series of immunoregulatory properties were determined, including humoral and cellular immunity, immune function, and immune factors of mononuclear macrophages. Compared with NC and MC groups, treatment with DESP significantly increased the spleen index and decreased the thymus index; increased the serum concentrations of immunoglobulin (Ig)A, IgG, IgM, hemolysin, IL-1β, and IL-2; delayed the allergic reaction; and improved the splenic lymphocyte transformation ability; and enhanced the phagocytosis of macrophages and the ability to secrete IL-6, TNF-α, caspase-1, and NO with DESP supplementation. These results indicated that DESP might have a good regulatory effect on CTX-induced immunodeficiency in mice, adjust the body’s immune imbalance, and improve the symptoms of low immunity.

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