Microbiological Monitoring for Water-Quality Assessment

The weakest link in the chain of events leading to production of reliable microbiological-monitoring data is a poor or indequate sample. This results primarily from diversity of environmental conditions from which a sample must be collected. In surface waters affinity of microbiological organisms for suspended particles necessitates that sampling procedures be designed to collect a representative sample of the water-sediment mixture. The key problem and the challenge to microbiological monitoring is production of a sterilizable, depth-integrating sampler that will accommodate the disparity of sediment distribution as related to variations in depth and cross-section and the changes in streamflow. Until such a sampler has been designed, tested, and made readily available, the data produced in microbiological-monitoring programs involving surface waters can be considered of questionable accuracy, regardless of the notable advances that are taking place in the state-of-the-art of analytical procedures.

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Water Quality Assessment of Surface Waters and Wastewaters by Traditional and Ecotoxicological Indicators in Ogosta River, Bulgaria

International Journal Bioautomation ◽

10.7546/ijba.2021.25.1.000778 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 25 (1) ◽

pp. 25-40

Author(s):

Galina Yotova ◽

◽

Svetlana Lazarova ◽

Veronika Mihaylova ◽

Tony Venelinov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Surface Waters ◽

Water Samples ◽

Arsenic Concentration ◽

Sample Pretreatment ◽

Water Quality Assessment ◽

Natural Processes ◽

Ecotoxicological Effect ◽

Wastewater Samples ◽

Surface Water Samples

Surface water samples in Ogosta River, Bulgaria and wastewater samples at the inlet and outlet of WWTP–Montana were tested for the traditional parameters and ecotoxicological effect. The river and Dam surface waters comply with category A1 of Directive 75/440/EEC for pH, EC, COD, TSS, NO3–, Cl–, SO42–, B, Ba, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Se, V and Zn; with category A2 for BOD5, NH4+–N and Fe; and with category A3 for TNb and As. The average annual concentrations of Al, Cr (III), Cr (VI) and U are lower than the set limits in the Water Framework Directive. Arsenic concentration in all the samples exceeds the maximum allowed concentration, a results from natural processes. All the levels of the studied parameters in the outlet wastewater samples are lower than the limits, set in Directive 91/271/EEC and in the complex permit of the WWTP. The results of the biotest Phytotoxkit F™ show low ecotoxicity of the water samples. Optimization of the sample pretreatment prior to this ecotoxicological test is analyzed and discussed.

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Chemical pollution imposes limitations to the ecological status of European surface waters

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-020-71537-2 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Leo Posthuma ◽

Michiel C. Zijp ◽

Dick De Zwart ◽

Dik Van de Meent ◽

Lidija Globevnik ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Surface Waters ◽

Water Quality Management ◽

Ecological Status ◽

Water Quality Assessment ◽

Current Approach ◽

Toxicity Tests ◽

Chemical Pollution ◽

Applied Ecology ◽

Good Ecological Status

Abstract Aquatic ecosystems are affected by man-made pressures, often causing combined impacts. The analysis of the impacts of chemical pollution is however commonly separate from that of other pressures and their impacts. This evolved from differences in the data available for applied ecology vis-à-vis applied ecotoxicology, which are field gradients and laboratory toxicity tests, respectively. With this study, we demonstrate that the current approach of chemical impact assessment, consisting of comparing measured concentrations to protective environmental quality standards for individual chemicals, is not optimal. In reply, and preparing for a method that would enable the comprehensive assessment and management of water quality pressures, we evaluate various quantitative chemical pollution pressure metrics for mixtures of chemicals in a case study with 24 priority substances of Europe-wide concern. We demonstrate why current methods are sub-optimal for water quality management prioritization and that chemical pollution currently imposes limitations to the ecological status of European surface waters. We discuss why management efforts may currently fail to restore a good ecological status, given that to date only 0.2% of the compounds in trade are considered in European water quality assessment and management.

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On the issue of the Uzbekistan surface water quality assessment

Water sector of Russia: problems, technologies, management - Методы оценки и механизмы регулирования водопользования в современных условиях ◽

10.35567/1999-4508-2019-5-6 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Drinking Water ◽

Surface Water ◽

Surface Waters ◽

Surface Water Quality ◽

Water Quality Assessment ◽

Soviet Period ◽

Hazard Class ◽

Difficult Situation

The article is devoted to the analysis of the quality of surface water in Uzbekistan. Analyzed their impact on the living conditions and health of the population of the republic. The most difficult situation with drinking water supply and with the growth of diseases caused by the use of poor-quality drinking water falls on the Navoi, Khorezm, Surkhandarya regions and Karakalpakstan. The stated data makes it relevant to conduct research to determine the quality of surface waters and improve the methods of its assessment. The analysis of existing methods for assessing the quality of surface waters. The technique of assessment of the index of pollution of water applied now in Uzbekistan counted in compliance with “Methodical recommendations about the formalized complex evaluation test of the surface and ocean waters about hydro/chemical indexes” was developed in Soviet period and doesn’t meet the modern requirements. The need to improve the methods for assessing the quality of surface waters as compared with that currently used in Uzhydromet is indicated. One of the most promising at present is the “Method of integrated assessment of the degree of contamination of surface waters by hydro/chemical indicators” developed and used in operational practice in Russia. The most informative comprehensive estimat water pollution and the class of water quality. The author proposed methods for assessing the quality of surface waters, the calculation of which is based on the use of a larger amount of initial information and are more reliable than those used. In particular, the proposed methodology for assessing the quality of surface waters, taking into account the hazard class of ingredients.

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Evaluation of Nearshore and Offshore Water Quality Assessment Using UAV Multispectral Imagery

Remote Sensing ◽

10.3390/rs12142258 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (14) ◽

pp. 2258 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ryan McEliece ◽

Shawn Hinz ◽

Jean-Marc Guarini ◽

Jennifer Coston-Guarini

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Surface Waters ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Water Quality Assessment ◽

Coastal Environments ◽

Offshore Water ◽

Chl A ◽

Effective Technology ◽

Best Fit ◽

Reflectance Measurements

A cost-effective technology has emerged which combines multispectral sensors mounted on Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs). This technology has a promising potential for monitoring water quality in coastal environments. Our study aimed at evaluating this technology to infer the spatial distribution of chlorophyll a concentration [Chl-a] (in µg·L−1) and turbidity (FNU) in surface waters. The multispectral sensor measured reflectance at 4 distinct wavelength bands centered on 448 nm, 494 nm, 550 nm and 675 nm, hence providing 4 datasets {R(448), R(494), R(550), R(675)}. We investigated the potential of estimating [Chl-a] and turbidity based on reflectance ratios and indexes calculated from two different wavelength bands. The calibration functions were formulated based on the property that any of the reflectance measurements was linearly correlated to any other one. The calibration was performed from 35 measurements of reflectance, [Chl-a] and turbidity collected in seven sites in the U.K. between May and August 2017. Two calibration functions derived from the index δ=(R(550) − R(448))/(R(550) + R(448)) presented the best fit and explained 78% of the total variance for [Chl-a] and 74% for turbidity measurements, respectively. Calibration functions were then inversed to estimate [Chl-a] and turbidity from reflectance measurements. Finally, we performed a validation test using independent measurements from three sites in France, in July 2017. The resulting maps show a pattern with higher [Chl-a] in lower turbidity areas. However, discrepancies between the observed and re-calculated values and difficulties in validating low turbidity values suggest that site-specific calibrations should be performed at each investigated location.

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Development of a surface water quality assessment system in Hungary

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1994.0228 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 30 (5) ◽

pp. 97-110

Author(s):

Pál Varga ◽

Sándor Kisgyörgy

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Surface Waters ◽

Surface Water Quality ◽

Water Quality Assessment ◽

Water Quality Monitoring ◽

Assessment System ◽

Sampling Points ◽

Quality Categories ◽

Water Uses ◽

New System

Recent Hungarian water quality monitoring system uses 300 sampling points to classify surface waters into three quality categories that are mainly reflecting the viewpoints of different water uses. The suggested new system halved the number of the sampling points, while sampling frequency increased. The new system also includes metals, microbiological indices and organic micropollutants. The almost 70 constituents of the system are grouped into five water quality categories. The assessment is based on the value of 90 % relative frequency. The suggested new system is going to be introduced in practice from 1995 on.

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Freshwater ecosystems

10.1093/oso/9780198767220.003.0012 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Pierre Taberlet ◽

Aurélie Bonin ◽

Lucie Zinger ◽

Eric Coissac

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Invasive Species ◽

Seasonal Variation ◽

Surface Waters ◽

Aquatic Plants ◽

Water Quality Assessment ◽

Freshwater Ecosystems ◽

Biomass Estimation ◽

Freshwater Organisms ◽

Conveyor Belts

Chapter 12 “Freshwater ecosystems” focuses on the study of freshwater organisms via eDNA analysis. It addresses the particularities of the production, persistence, transport, and detectability of eDNA in surface waters. Biomonitoring freshwater ecosystems is imposed by law in more and more countries (e.g., European Council 2000) and the potential of eDNA for this purpose has been identified relatively early. This chapter revisits several studies dealing with eDNA-based analysis of macroinvertebrates (e.g., to track seasonal variation in the ecosystem scale), diatoms (for water quality assessment purposes), aquatic plants (e.g., for invasive species detection), fish, amphibians, and other vertebrates (for species inventories and biomass estimation). Finally, Chapter 12 discusses whether rivers can be good conveyor belts of the biodiversity at the scale of an entire catchment.

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