Potential Transmission of Foot-and-Mouth Disease in Whey Constituents1

1978 ◽  
Vol 41 (8) ◽  
pp. 631-633 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. BLACKWELL
Keyword(s):  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Fmd Virus ◽  
Sweet Whey ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
Acid Whey ◽  
Camembert Cheese ◽  
Β Lactoglobulin

Whey and whey constituents were prepared from the milk of cows infected with foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) virus. The virus was detected in the sweet whey by-product of Cheddar and Camembert cheese but was not detected in the acid whey by-product of casein manufacture. Whey constituents, α-lactalbumin, β-lactoglobulin, and lactose, produced from sweet whey were noninfectious when inoculated into cattle. These products do not appear as likely candidates for the transmission of FMD.

Ovarian activity in crossbred Thai native does during naturally occurring foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) virus infection

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Phubet Satsook ◽  
Sukanya Rattanatabtimtong ◽  
Lak Piasai ◽  
Patcharapa Towiboon ◽  
Chalermchart Somgird ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Ovarian Activity ◽  
Fmd Virus ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Foot And Mouth

scholarly journals Variation among strains of type A foot-and-mouth disease virus in the Eastern Mediterranean region 1964–1972

1975 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 387-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann E. M. Arrowsmith
Keyword(s):  
Disease Virus ◽  
Mediterranean Region ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean Region ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Type A ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Fmd Virus ◽  
Mouth Disease Virus ◽  
Foot And Mouth

SUMMARYVariants of type A FMD virus from the Eastern Mediterranean region over the years 1964–72 have been shown to belong to a group distinct from the Western European strains as represented by A5 Westerwald. This group appears to derive from the A22 strain first recognized in 1964 and indicates the possibility of new strains supplanting old in the field.

scholarly journals Viral dynamics and immune responses to foot-and-mouth disease virus in African buffalo (Syncerus caffer).

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Perez-Martin ◽  
Brianna Beechler ◽  
Katherine Scott ◽  
Lin-Mari de Klerk-Lorist ◽  
Fuquan Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Acute Phase ◽  
Post Infection ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
African Buffalo ◽  
Syncerus Caffer ◽  
Viral Loads ◽  
Fmd Virus ◽  
Foot And Mouth

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is one of the most important livestock diseases restricting international trade. While it is clear that African buffalo (Syncerus caffer) act as the main wildlife reservoir, viral and immune response dynamics during FMD virus acute infection have not been described before in this species. We used experimental needle inoculation and contact infections with three Southern African Territories serotypes to assess clinical, virological and immunological dynamics for thirty days post infection. Clinical FMD in the needle inoculated buffaloes was mild and characterised by pyrexia. Despite the absence of generalised vesicles, all contact animals were readily infected with their respective serotypes within the first 2-9 days after being mixed with needle challenged buffaloes. Irrespective of the route of infection or serotype there were positive associations between the viral loads in blood and the induction of host innate pro-inflammatory cytokines and acute phase proteins. Viral loads in blood and tonsils were tightly correlated during the acute phase of the infection, however, viraemia significantly declined after a peak at 4 days post infection (dpi), which correlated with the presence of detectable neutralising antibodies. In contrast, infectious virus was isolated in the tonsils until the last sampling point (30 dpi) in most animals. The pattern of virus detection in serum and tonsil swabs was similar for all three serotypes in the direct challenged and contact challenged animals. We have demonstrated for the first time, that African buffalo are indeed systemically affected by FMD virus and clinical FMD in buffalo is characterized by a transient pyrexia. Despite the lack of FMD lesions, infection of African buffalo was characterised by high viral loads in blood and oropharynx, rapid and strong host innate and adaptive immune responses and high transmissibility.

scholarly journals Sero-epidemiology of Foot-and-Mouth Disease in Darfur area, Western Sudan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wefag Alfouz ◽  
Yazeed A/Raouf ◽  
Nussiba Ahmed ◽  
Alsadig E. Hamid ◽  
Nussieba A. Osman
Keyword(s):  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Nile Valley ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Pastoral System ◽  
Fmd Virus ◽  
The North ◽  
Serotype O ◽  
Foot And Mouth

Abstract A total of 367 bovine sera positive to antibodies against non-structural proteins (NSPs) of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) virus were screened for serotype O, A and SAT2 antibodies using the virus neutralization test (VNT). Sera had been collected in 2016 from North (228) and South (139) Darfur States in Western Sudan, where high and low circulation of FMD virus, respectively, prevailed. Tested sera represented the positive-NSPs lot in a random sample of 669 sera collected from both States. According to standard statistical methods, calculations for serial testing (NSPs ELISA and VNT) were applied to estimate prevalence rates of serotype specific antibodies in the two States. In each State, around 20% of NSPs positive sera failed typing. Prevalence's detected were 49%±5% (O), 27%±5% (A) and 14%±4% (SAT2) in North Darfur State and 27%±5% (O), 17%±4% (A) and 8.0%±3% (SAT2) in South Darfur State. In both States, prevalence rates were significantly higher for serotype O, followed by A then SAT2; the same order that was known in most parts of Sudan. Consistently, estimated prevalence's were statistically significantly higher (P < 0.05) in North Darfur than in South Darfur State. Apart from serotype SAT2, detected prevalence rates were lower or similar to those inside the country in previous occasions. Frequency and pattern of distribution of serotype O prevalence were consistent with its suggested pattern of circulation from the Nile valley to other parts in Sudan and significant within the country's circulation. Alternatively, serotype SAT2 prevalence and distribution in Darfur area were suggestive of sporadic occurrence. However, slightly higher prevalence rates of SAT2 antibodies in Darfur than in neighbouring Kordofan areas in 2013 reflected the wide dissemination of SAT2 (http://www.wrlfmd.org) in Sudan in early 2014. Risk of FMD in Darfur seemed to be associated with the movement of animals to the North in the wet season as part of the pastoral system, and with movement related to trade into urban centers more than with pastoralism across the Western borders. Generally, the result presented little evidence to suggest presence of FMD primary endemic foci in Darfur area.

scholarly journals Detection of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) virus in healthy cattle and buffalo at Southeast Asian slaughterhouses

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly Buckle ◽  
Rudolfo Bueno ◽  
Andrew McFadden ◽  
Mary van Andel ◽  
Richard Spence ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Southeast Asian ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Fmd Virus ◽  
Healthy Cattle ◽  
Foot And Mouth

scholarly journals Phylogeographic analysis and identification of factors impacting the diffusion of Foot-and-Mouth disease virus in Africa

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Duchatel ◽  
Mark Bronsvoort ◽  
Samantha Lycett
Keyword(s):  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Eastern Africa ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Disease Epidemiology ◽  
Fmd Virus ◽  
Serotype O ◽  
Mouth Disease Virus ◽  
Foot And Mouth

ABSTRACTFoot and mouth disease (FMD) is endemic in sub-Saharan Africa and can lead to important and continuous economic losses for affected countries. Due to the complexity of the disease epidemiology and the lack of data there is a need to use inferential computational approaches to fill the gaps in our understanding of the circulation of FMD virus on this continent. Using a phylogeographic approach we reconstructed the circulation of FMD virus serotypes A, O and SAT2 in Africa and evaluated the influence of potential environmental and anthropological predictors of virus diffusion. Our results show that over the last hundred year the continental circulation of the tree serotypes was mainly driven by livestock trade. Whilst our analyses show that the serotypes A and O were introduced in Africa trough livestock trades, the SAT2 serotype probably originates from African wildlife population. The circulation of serotype O in eastern Africa is impacted by both indirect transmission through persistence in the environment and anthropological activities such as cattle movements.

scholarly journals Detection of Bovine Antibodies against a Conserved Capsid Epitope as the Basis of a Novel Universal Serological Test for Foot-and-Mouth Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. Asfor ◽  
N. Howe ◽  
S. Grazioli ◽  
S. Berryman ◽  
K. Parekh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Serological Test ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Nonstructural Proteins ◽  
Fmd Virus ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
Serological Surveillance ◽  
The Individual

ABSTRACT Diagnostic tests for foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) include the detection of antibodies against either the viral nonstructural proteins or the capsid. The detection of antibodies against the structural proteins (SP) of the capsid can be used to monitor seroconversion in both infected and vaccinated animals. However, SP tests need to be tailored to the individual FMD virus (FMDV) serotype and their sensitivity may be affected by antigenic variability within each serotype and mismatching between test reagents. As a consequence, FMD reference laboratories are required to maintain multiple type-specific SP assays and reagents. A universal SP test would simplify frontline diagnostics and facilitate large-scale serological surveillance and postvaccination monitoring. In this study, a highly conserved region in the N terminus of FMDV capsid protein VP2 (VP2N) was characterized using a panel of intertype-reactive monoclonal antibodies. This revealed a universal epitope in VP2N which could be used as a peptide antigen to detect FMDV-specific antibodies against all types of the virus. A VP2-peptide enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (VP2-ELISA) was optimized using experimental and reference antisera from immunized, convalescent, and naïve animals (n = 172). The VP2-ELISA is universal and simple and provided sensitive (99%) and specific (93%) detection of antibodies to all FMDV strains used in this study. We anticipate that this SP test could have utility for serosurveillance during virus incursions in FMD-free countries and as an additional screening tool to assess FMD virus circulation in countries where the disease is endemic.

Seroprevalence of serotype O of foot-and-mouth disease virus in vaccinated pigs and cattle in Ho Chi Minh City

2020 ◽  
pp. 21-25
Author(s):  
Chi Mai Duong
Keyword(s):  
Disease Virus ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Ho Chi Minh City ◽  
Post Vaccination ◽  
Fmd Virus ◽  
Serotype O ◽  
Mouth Disease Virus ◽  
Foot And Mouth

The aim of this study was to assess the seroprevalence against serotype O FMD (foot and mouth disease) virus in vaccinated pigs and cattle in Ho Chi Minh City, as a basis to serve the prevention of FMD epidemics in these animals. A total of 535 pigs and 366cattle sera were tested by using the Elisa kit for the detection of serotype O FMD antibody (Pirbright, UK). Results of this study showed that most pig farms had the proportions of positive animals for antibodies against FMDV serotype O which met the requirements of Decision no. 07/2016/ Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, except Xuan Thoi Thuong, Thai My and Phu My Hung. All sows had high levels of antibodies against serotype O FMD virus. There were no significant differences in the ratios of positive pigs for antibodies against FMDV serotype O among types of pig and age groups. However, there were significant differences in the seroprevalence of vaccinated pigs across herd sizes and days post-vaccination. Meanwhile, the overall seroprevalence of vaccinated cattle against FMDV at individual-level was over 80.00%. No statistical differences were found in the seroprevalence of vaccinated cattle against type OFMDV among regions, types of cattle, herd sizes, age groups and days post-vaccination. In conclusion, pigs raised in farms of Xuan Thoi Thuong, Thai My and Phu My Hung communes should be revaccinated with FMD vaccine to prevent the risk of pigs being infected with FMD virus and reduce the amount of virus produced by an infected animal.

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