Microbial, Physical, and Chemical Quality of Packaged Ice in Florida†

1999 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
pp. 526-531 ◽  
Author(s):  
RONALD H. SCHMIDT ◽  
GARY E. RODRICK
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Water Hardness ◽  
The State ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Label Information ◽  
Physical And Chemical Quality ◽  
Aerobic Plate Count ◽  
Yeasts And Molds ◽  
Physical And Chemical

In a statewide survey, ice samples purchased at retail were evaluated for labeling information and microbiological, chemical, and physical quality. Only 11% of bags from on-premises manual facilities, compared to 79% for off-premises mechanical facilities, had appropriate label information. One ice sample exceeded the state regulatory limit for aerobic plate count (APC) (<500 CFU/ml). Yeasts and molds were detected in 12% of the samples. No Listeria monocytogenes were found in any of the samples. Coliform counts exceeding the state regulatory limit (<1/100 ml) were observed in 13.5% of manual, on-premises facilities compared to 3.6% of samples from mechanical, off-premises facilities. No significant differences were detected between samples from on- and off-premises facilities with regard to chemical composition (e.g., aluminum, ammonium, boron, barium, calcium, cadmium, chloride, copper, iron, lead, magnesium, manganese, nickel, nitrate, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, silicon, and zinc), electrical conductivity, or pH. All samples analyzed were in compliance with appropriate Environmental Protection Agency drinking water standards. In general, all ice samples were acceptable in terms of water hardness values. Approximately 33% of samples from off-premises facilities and 62% of the on-premises samples had detectable particulate matter. None of the off-premises samples, compared to 8% of the on-premises samples, had particulate matter in the “pronounced” category.

scholarly journals Indicator Organisms for Safety and Quality—Uses and Methods for Detection: Minireview

2003 ◽  
Vol 86 (6) ◽  
pp. 1208-1217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary L Tortorello
Keyword(s):  
Quality Indicators ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Regulatory Agencies ◽  
Consumer Acceptability ◽  
Indicator Organisms ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Microbiological Testing ◽  
Risk Of Exposure ◽  
Aerobic Plate Count ◽  
Yeasts And Molds

Abstract Indicator organisms have been used for nearly a century to assess the microbiological status of water and foods. Beginning with their use in water sanitation programs, their applications have been extended over the years to other products, and they have become important components of the microbiological testing programs of both industry and regulatory agencies. Functionally, they may be viewed as safety or quality indicators. Safety indicators suggest the presence of conditions associated with increased risk of exposure to a pathogen. Quality indicators assess conditions of importance to product manufacture or consumer acceptability. This minireview summarizes the history, use, and analytical methods for the most commonly used indicator organisms, including the aerobic plate count, yeasts and molds, the coliform groups, Escherichia coli, Enterobacteriaceae, and Listeria.

Microbial Hazards Associated with Bean Sprouting

1982 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wallace H Andrews ◽  
Philip B Mislivec ◽  
Clyde R Wilson ◽  
Verneal R Bruce ◽  
Paul L Poelma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Alternaria Species ◽  
Aerobic Plate Count ◽  
Yeasts And Molds ◽  
Mold Count ◽  
Total Yeast

Abstract The behavior of microorganisms was studied in mung beans and alfalfa seeds before and after germination in modified, commercially available bean-sprouting kits. The microorganisms were enumerated by the aerobic plate count (APC) and by total yeast and mold count procedures. Salmonella species were artificially inoculated into selected samples and were enumerated by the most probable number (MPN) method. After germination of the beans or seeds into mature sprouts, significant increases were noted in APCs and in MPN values of Salmonella species. Although counts of yeasts and molds did not increase significantly after germination, these samples showed an increase in toxic Aspergillus flavus and potentially toxic Alternaria species. The presence of toxic Penicillium cyclopium molds also increased substantially in 5 samples of a single brand of mung beans. Analysis of selected sprout samples, however, showed no presence of aflatoxin.

scholarly journals The Effect of Dietary Dry Distilled Rose Petals or Dihydroquercetin Supplementation on the Oxidative Stability and Quality of Lamb Muscles and Fat

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 4280-4293
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stability ◽  
Color Difference ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Longissimus Dorsi ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Rose Petals ◽  
Aerobic Plate Count ◽  
Yeasts And Molds ◽  
Higher Doses

The study's objective was to determine the changes in oxidative stability of m. Longissimus dorsi, m. Semimembranosus and perirenal adipose tissue from lambs fed a diet supplemented by 7.5 mg dihydroquercetin/kg life wight/d or 545 mg dry distilled rose petals (DDRP)/kg life wight/d.The experiments were performed with 30 male lambs aged 65 days. They were divided into three groups of 10 animals fed 50 days ad libitum: the control group (with ground alfalfa + granulated compound feed) and two experimental ones (with the same diet + phytonutrients). Samples stored 7 days at 0-4°C were examined. After 7 d of storage in both muscles, the addition of 545 mg DDRP/kg life wight/d contributed to the reduction of α-aminoacidic nitrogen with approximately 0.5 mg Leu/g and the FFA with 0.5-2%. The addition of 7.5 mg dihydroquercetin contributed to the reduction of TBARS with 0.14-0.21 mg MDA/kg, the total color difference, and a slight increase in the share of the MUFA more pronounced in m. Longissimus dorsi. The reduction of aerobic plate count and total yeasts and molds count were determined too. Further studies with higher doses of phytonutrient’s supplementation are needed to determine if it will provoke a more pronounced oxidative stability.

The effect of dietary dry distilled rose petals or dihydroquercetin supplementation on the oxidative stability and quality of lamb muscles and fat.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Desislava B. Vlahova-Vangelova ◽  
Desislav K. Balev ◽  
Nikolay D. Kolev ◽  
Margarita N. Terziyska ◽  
Stefan G. Dragoev
Keyword(s):  
Color Difference ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Longissimus Dorsi ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Rose Petals ◽  
Aerobic Plate Count ◽  
Yeasts And Molds

Abstract The objective of this study was to determine the changes in the quality of m. Longissimus dorsi and m. Semimembranosus and perirenal adipose tissue from lambs fed a diet supplemented by 7.5 mg dihydroquercetin/kg/day or 545 mg dry distilled rose petals (DDRP)/kg/d. The experiments were performed with 30 male lambs aged 65 days. They were divided into three groups of 10 animals fed 50 days ad libitum: control group (with ground alfalfa + granulated compound feed) and two experimental ones (with the same diet + phytonutrients). Samples stored for 1 and 7 days at 2 ± 2°C were examined. After 7 d of storage, the addition of 545 mg DDRP/kg/d contributed to a decrease in pH by 2-6% in both types of tissues and reduced the accumulation of α-aminoacidic nitrogen by 7-14% and TBARS by more than 20% in both muscles tested. The lambs' diet supplementation with both phytonutrients led to a reduction in the aerobic plate count and total combined yeasts and molds count. The addition of dihydroquercetin was found to be responsible for the reduction of FFA and the total color difference as well as for approx. a 5% increasing the amount of monounsaturated fatty acids. This influence is more pronounced in m. Longissimus dorsi. Further studies are needed to determine whether the application of higher doses of DDRP and dihydroquercetin as dietary supplements in lambs will provoke a more pronounced inhibitory effect on lipid oxidation and the fatty acid composition of lamb and fats.

scholarly journals Effect of Gamma Irradiation on Microbial Quality of Minimally Processed Product in Tunisia: A Case of Ready to Eat Salad

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahmani F ◽  
◽  
Yahya M ◽  
Jebri S ◽  
Amri I ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Irradiation ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Irradiation Effect ◽  
Minimally Processed ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Peeling Process ◽  
Aerobic Plate Count ◽  
Yeasts And Molds ◽  
Staphylococcus Spp

The use of gamma irradiation in food safety management as a tool to improve the microbiological quality of food products. Minimally processed product may contain a large number of spoilage microorganisms that constitute a potential health risk. In this study, raw carrot samples and fresh-cut products after each processing steps: water chlorination, peeling process and citric acid treatment were analyzed for the total aerobic plate count, Staphylococcus spp., yeasts and molds. Ready to eat products were also analyzed for these selective pathogens. The freshly packaged carrot salads were irradiated at various doses (0.5, 1.0, 2.0 kGy) and analyzed during 15 days storage period. The obtained results showed that raw carrots were highly contaminated by total aerobic plate count (7.23 Log10/25g), Staphylococcus spp. (3.77 Log10/25g), yeasts (5.62 Log10/25g) and molds (5.54 Log10/25g). Washing treatment and peeling process, were able to reduce the concentration of total aerobic plate count by 2.23 Log10 and to remove Staphylococcus spp. and molds. The mean concentrations of total aerobic plate count, Staphylococcus spp. yeasts and molds were 4.87, 2.08, 7.47 and 2 Log10/25g respectively for packaged salads. These results suggest that the contamination of carrot salads might occur through chain transformation. Regarding gamma irradiation effect, an optimal dose of 2kGy offered a pathogen-free, hygienic product in comparison with controls. Furthermore it increased shelf-life by 4 to 9 days at refrigeration temperature. The validity of the processing treatment at 2kGy was challenged by artificially inoculating Staphylococcus aureus in the product.

Microbial Stability and Fate of Salmonella Enteritidis in Halva, a Low-Moisture Confection

1998 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. KOTZEKIDOU
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Prolonged Storage ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Microbial Stability ◽  
Aerobic Plate Count ◽  
Yeasts And Molds ◽  
Lipolytic Microorganisms

A traditional low-moisture confectionery, halva, was studied with respect to microbial stability over prolonged storage. It was kept under refrigeration or at room temperature in air-sealed or vacuum packaging in moisture-proof material. Microbial stability of commercial samples was evaluated with regard to the following groups of microorganisms: aerobic plate count, Enterobacteriaceae, enterococci, sulfite-reducing clostridia, aerobic mesophilic and thermophilic sporeformers, staphylococci, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella spp., lipolytic microorganisms, yeasts and molds. In all samples tested the above microorganisms were in acceptable levels, while sulfite-reducing clostridia, Salmonella spp., and molds were not detected. The potential for survival of Salmonella Enteritidis in the product was evaluated by artificial contamination. Inoculum surviving after the immediate significant decrease was still recovered after 8 months of storage. The reduction of salmonellae during storage cannot be predicted on the basis of the aw alone.

scholarly journals 275 VAPOR PHASE HYDROGEN PEROXIDE TREATMENT OF WALNUT NUTMEATS (Juglans regia L.) FOR CONTROL OF MICROORGANISMS

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 469d-469
Author(s):  
Gilbert F. Simmons ◽  
Joseph L. Smilanick ◽  
Nuria Denis-Arrue ◽  
Dennis A Margosan ◽  
Shama John
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Vapor Phase ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Juglans Regia ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Plate Count Agar ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide Treatment ◽  
Aseptic Packaging ◽  
Aerobic Plate Count ◽  
Yeasts And Molds

A new vapor phase hydrogen peroxide (VPHP) technology that uses relatively dry hydrogen peroxide pulses is a promising method for the disinfection of surface-borne bacteria, yeasts, and molds on walnut nutmeats. The number of colony forming units per gram (cfu/g) on untreated nutmeats was compared to those VPHP treated. Three culture media; dichloran rose bengal chloramphenicol agar base (DRBC, Oxoid), aerobic plate count agar (APC, Oxoid), and potato dextrose agar (PDA, Sigma), were utilized to evaluate cfu/g. Similar numbers of cfu/g of product were observed on APC and PDA. The more selective DRBC had lower cfu/g. Microorganisms washed from untreated walnut nutmeats purchased at retail outlets ranged between 17,000-29,000 cfu/g depending upon the culture medium used. The number of cfu/lg on nutmeats after VPHP treatments was reduced to 500-1400, a 95% reduction. VPHP may offer an alternative to propylene oxide fumigation. The moisture content of nutmeats was not significantly altered by VPHP. The Food and Drug Administration lists hydrogen peroxide as a “generally recognized as safe substance” (GRAS). Hydrogen peroxide is already produced in a food grade for aseptic packaging.

scholarly journals The Physical, Chemical, Organoleptic and Microbiological Quality of Meat and Meat products: A Case Study in Gazipur District

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sadia Hossain ◽  
Rahagir Salekeen ◽  
Md. Hiron Khan ◽  
Nasrin Nahar Begum ◽  
Md. Shamim Akhter
Keyword(s):  
Formalin Test ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Hardness Test ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Standard Plate Count ◽  
Standard Plate ◽  
Physical And Chemical Quality ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Temperature Test

Meat samples from Gazipur district, Bangladesh were subjected to physical and chemical quality tests consisted of temperature test, acidity (pH) test, water activity (Aw) test, total ash contents test and formalin test. For microbiological quality determination, standard plate count (SPC) and coliform count were performed while for organoleptic tests; odor, color, texture, appearance tests were conducted. In addition, the water used in the meat plant was subjected to organoleptic, physical and chemical quality tests: Odor, color, appearance, pH test, TDS test, iron test and hardness test. The results of temperature test, acidity (pH) test, water activity (Aw ) test, total ash contents test, formalin test were -3 C, 7.6, 0.75, 0.7, nil, respectively. Standard plate count (SPC) and coliform count tests showed the result less than 30 cfu/ml, < 10 cfu/ml, respectively. Organoleptic tests results highlighting odor, color, texture and appearance were, as a whole, satisfactory. The quality parameters of the water used in the meat plant were acceptable: p H test- 6.6, TDS test- 60ppm, iron test- 0.1 and hardness test- 45. Considering all the parameters, it can be concluded that the meat and meat products were of good quality and safe enough for the consumers.

Back to the Future: Reducing Atmospheric Particulate Matter Levels to Improve Human Health

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Spyros Pandis
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Atmospheric Aerosols ◽  
Atmospheric Chemistry ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Atmospheric Particulate Matter ◽  
Anthropogenic Emissions ◽  
The Us ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Predictive Understanding ◽  
Physical And Chemical

&lt;p&gt;The human development of our planet has a variety of negative impacts on the composition of its atmosphere at every scale &amp;#8211; locally, regionally, and even globally. One of these dramatic changes has been the increase in the mass concentrations of sub-micrometer particles by one to sometimes two orders of magnitude over populated areas in the Northern Hemisphere. These atmospheric aerosols can cause serious health problems, reduce visibility, contribute to acidic deposition and material damage, but are also cooling the planet by reflecting sunlight back to space. Atmospheric chemistry occurs within a fabric of complicated atmospheric dynamics and physics. This interplay often results in nonlinear and often counterintuitive changes of the system when anthropogenic emissions change. A major goal of our research has been to gain a predictive understanding of the physical and chemical processes that govern the dynamics, size, and chemical composition of atmospheric aerosols.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;To illustrate the advances in the experimental techniques and theoretical tools in atmospheric aerosol science, we will go back to the beginning of the 21&lt;sup&gt;st&lt;/sup&gt; century and we will revisit the design a particulate matter control strategy for the Eastern US based on the data, knowledge, and tools available at that time. We will then look at the effects of the parts of this control strategy that have been materialized and their effects on public health using the current understanding. Finally, we will look forward in ways of further improving air quality in the US and Europe.&lt;/p&gt;

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