A Novel Stability Study of Simvastatin Generic Tablet in Public Pharmacy Facilities of Purwakarta District, Indonesia

Drug stability is one of the most important criteria for producing safe, excellent and effective products. Some environmental factors that influence drug stability are light, temperature, and humidity. Simvastatin is a cholesterol-lowering drug that is known to be sensitive to high temperature and humidity. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of 6 months of real-time storage conditions on the stability of generic simvastatin tablets in public pharmacy facilities. This study used simulation method with 4 brands of simvastatin generic tablets with two different strengths (10 mg and 20 mg). In the process, the sample was conditioned in 6 different regions for 6 months. The results of temperature and humidity monitoring showed 2 locations at ≤ 25 ° C, 4 locations had a temperature of ≥ 25 °C and all locations had humidity > 65 %. The drug was evaluated for physical and chemical quality parameters at months 0, 3, and 6. After being stored for 6 months, the tablets showed a decrease in disintegration time and an increase in the friability, showing lack of durability. Similarly, there was a decrease in the content concentration in the tablets but fortunately the level was still within the accepted specification range (90 – 110 %). However, there was one tablet that did not meet the dissolution test requirements after the storage duration (Q ≤ 75 % at 30 minutes). The results of the stress test showed that simvastatin degraded in all conditions. This stress test confirmed the extreme instability of simvastatin. Poor storage conditions can reduce the quality of generic simvastatin tablets, thus a well-controlled environment is vital in pharmacy facilities.

Motor oil spectral analysis for engine life-time prediction

Technical diagnostics of the internal combustion engines, transmissions and other high-loaded units is a process regulated by technical requirements. However, depending on the intensity of operation and maintenance regulations, it is possible to change the technical and operational parameters of machine parts and mechanisms, as a result of frictional interaction of surfaces, temperature, ingress of aggressive chemical compounds and abrasive contaminants, as well as low physical and chemical quality indicators. The substantiation of the technology of spectral motor oil analysis to determine wear products is given in the paper. Determining the masses of metals in the motor oil during wear allows to predict the residual life of the engine and assess both the quality of the oil and the quality of the fuel.

Western Sudan Arabi camel hides attributes and leather quality characteristics

This study was aimed to evaluate camel hide attributes and leather quality characteristics of Western Sudan Arabi camel. Thirty pieces of fresh camel hides from three subtypes of Western Sudan Arabi camel ecotype (10 pieces from each of Kababish, Meidob, and Hawawir subtypes) were collected, cured, and tanned. Physical and chemical quality parameters were assessed. The data were analyzed using the Complete Randomized Block design. The results revealed that Significant differences (P≤0.05) were detected among Western Sudan Arabi camel subtypes fresh hides thickness and weight. Kababish hide thickness and weight were recorded the highest value of 0.155±0.4 cm and 11.7±1.3 Kg respectively in comparison to Meidob (0.145±0.3 cm and 8.6±1.2 Kg) and Hawawir (0.143±0.4 cm and 7.7±2.2 Kg). Kababish hides thickness value was above the minimum Sudanese standard threshold specification for cattle leather quality. While Meidob and Hawawir hide thickness values were blew the minimum Sudanese standard threshold specification for cattle leather quality. Physical quality parameters; elongation, tensile strength, resistance to grain cracking, breaking load, and tear strength; were in the Sudanese standard threshold specification for cattle leather physical quality of 100%, 200 Kg/cm2, 7N/cm, 8 N/cm, and 100 Kg/cm2respectively. Whilst flexibility parameter was below the Sudanese standard threshold specification for cattle leather quality. Chemical quality parameters were in the Sudanese standards threshold specification for cattle leather chemical quality of 18%, 4.5%, 2.5%, and 11% for moisture, Ash, chrome oxide, and fat contents respectively.

Evaluation of air quality in office rooms (case study: the rector’s office building of Syiah Kuala University)

The Rector’s Office Building of Syiah Kuala University is the administrative headquarters at Syiah Kuala University which has a high density schedule. Employees in the building, work for 8 hours a day in the building. Staying in a room for an extended period of time can lead to disease, particularly Sick Building Syndrome (SBS). Poor air quality as a result of air pollution and poor air exchange is the primary cause of SBS. Therefore, it is important to evaluate the air quality in the room to prevent SBS. This research was conducted with a quantitative approach by measuring the physical and chemical quality of the indoor air. The study was conducted on two sample rooms, namely the administration room and the student affairs office. The method of collecting data is descriptive by evaluating based on the regulations of the minister of health and SNI. Air quality is also seen based on the results of room simulations using ANSYS 2019 R3. Based on the results of field measurements, the air quality in the room is not good. Thus, 60% of the employees in the Administration Room and 64.71% of the employees in the Student Affairs Office were infected with SBS.

The use of water spinach plants (Ipomoea aquatica Forsk.) for phytoremediation of hospital waste

Water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica Forsk.) has the ability to accumulate pollutants so that it can be useful for wastewater treatment processes. The purpose of this study was to determine the phytoremediation technique in hospital wastewater using kale in improving the quality of hospital wastewater and to determine the level of accumulation of Pb and Cr metals in plants. The study used a completely randomized design with four treatments, namely treatment 0 days (without treatment), 2 days, 4 days and 6 days. Parameters include the physical and chemical quality of the waste as well as the content of Pb and Cr in the waste and plants. To determine the effect of phytoremediation on the quality of household waste and metal content, ANOVA analysis and further testing with the BNT test level of 5% were used. Phytoremediation with kale was able to reduce the temperature of the waste on the 4th day of treatment and dissolved oxygen on the 4th treatment and increase the pH. The accumulation of Pb and Cr on each day is different. The highest accumulation of Pb and Cr occurred on day 6, namely 0.1587 mg/L for Pb metal and 0.2167 mg/L for Cr metal. Kale plants are very possible to be used in the phytoremediation process.

Kualitas Tepung Ikan di Pesisir Pantai Kabupaten Merauke Sebagai Bahan Pakan

Catch fish that are not used as food can be processed into fish flour. The purpose of this study was to analyze fish meal from several types of fish found on the coast of Merauke RegencyThis test is carried out to see the physical and chemical quality.. From the research results of this study obtained the physical quality of fish meal can be which is categorized, both in mixing feed food and storage namely: the average density of 0.58 gr / cm3, surface area 53.88 cm2, pH 6.25, threshold power 1.15 m / sec and stack angle 27.260C, average ash content of 6.31%, protein 65.46%, fat 5.46%, crude fiber 0 and water content an average of 6.32%, These results indicate the quality of fish meal is included in standard I based on the quality of SNI 2013 as feed material. Eight (8) types of fish meal that have low economic value and potential to be developed as feed ingredients include Kaca fish (Kurtus gulliveri, Pasir fish (Platycephalus endrachtensis), Bete-Bete fish (Rhinoprenes pentanemus), Duri Herkules fish (Arius sp), and Duri putih fish (Arius leptaspis).

Development of Sorghum Genotypes for Improved Yield and Resistance to Grain Mold Using Population Breeding Approach

The infection caused by grain mold in rainy season grown sorghum deteriorates the physical and chemical quality of the grain, which causes a reduction in grain size, blackening, and making them unfit for human consumption. Therefore, the breeding for grain mold resistance has become a necessity. Pedigree breeding has been widely used across the globe to tackle the problem of grain mold. In the present study, a population breeding approach was employed to develop genotypes resistant to grain mold. The complex genotype × environment interactions (GEIs) make the task of identifying stable grain mold-resistant lines with good grain yield (GY) challenging. In this study, the performance of the 33 population breeding derivatives selected from the four-location evaluation of 150 genotypes in 2017 was in turn evaluated over four locations during the rainy season of 2018. The Genotype plus genotype-by-environment interaction (GGE) biplot analysis was used to analyze a significant GEI observed for GY, grain mold resistance, and all other associated traits. For GY, the location explained a higher proportion of variation (51.7%) while genotype (G) × location (L) contributed to 21.9% and the genotype contributed to 11.2% of the total variation. For grain mold resistance, G × L contributed to a higher proportion of variation (30.7%). A graphical biplot approach helped in identifying promising genotypes for GY and grain mold resistance. Among the test locations, Dharwad was an ideal location for both GY and grain mold resistance. The test locations were partitioned into three clusters for GY and two clusters for grain mold resistance through a “which-won-where” study. Best genotypes in each of these clusters were selected. The breeding for a specific cluster is suggested. Genotype-by-trait biplots indicated that GY is influenced by flowering time, 100-grain weight (HGW), and plant height (PH), whereas grain mold resistance is influenced by glume coverage and PH. Because GY and grain mold score were independent of each other, there is a scope to improve both yield and resistance together.

KUALITAS FISIKA KIMIA SUSU SAPI DI KABUPATEN JEMBER DAN PENGEMBANGANNYA DALAM BUKU NON TEKS

Abstrak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kualitas fisika dan kimia susu sapi yang diproduksi di Kabupaten Jember dan memberikan edukasi yang tepat bagi masyarakat terkait prosedur penilaian kelayakan susu yang akan dikonsumsi melalui buku non-teks. Analisis kualitas fisika susu sapi yang dilakukan meliputi uji didih, uji alkohol, dan uji berat jenis sedangkan analisis kualitas kimia susu sapi yang dilakukan meliputi uji pH dan uji kadar lemak. Pengembangan buku non-teks dilakukan dengan menggunakan model pengembangan R2D2 (Reflective, Recursive, Design, and Development). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa sampel susu sapi dari industri susu A dan industri susu B memiliki kualitas fisika dan kimia yang sesuai dengan standar kualitas susu yang aman untuk dikonsumsi menurut SNI dan Codex. Hasil rata-rata validasi produk buku non-teks yang dikembangkan sebesar 94.84 persen dari ketiga validator. Dengan demikian produk buku non-teks tersebut sangat layak digunakan sebagai buku non-teks, khususnya buku non-teks untuk pengayaan pengetahuan.Abstract. This study aims to determine the physical and chemical quality of cow's milk produced in Jember and provide an appropriate education for the community regarding the procedure for assessing the feasibility of milk to be consumed through non-text books. The analysis of the physical quality of cow's milk includes boiling test, alcohol test, and specific gravity test, while the chemical quality analysis of cow's milk includes pH test and fat content test. The development of non-text books is carried out using the R2D2 (Reflective, Recursive, Design, and Development) development model. Based on the results of the study, it is known that samples of cow's milk from dairy industry A and milk industry B have physical and chemical qualities that are in accordance with milk quality standards that are safe for consumption according to SNI and Codex. The average result of the validation of non-textbook products developed was 94.84 percent from the three validators. Thus, the non-textbook product is very suitable to be used as a non-textbook, especially non-text books for knowledge enrichment.

PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL QUALITY CHARACTERISTICS OF CORN TORTILLAS WITH SUBSTITUTE PURPLE SWEET POTATO FLOUR

This study aimed to test the physical and chemical quality characteristics of corn tortillas with substitute purple sweet potato flour. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) and LSD test if there was a significant effect. The tests carried out included organoleptic tests, air content analysis, ash content analysis, color analysis and texture analysis. The results showed that the best formulation of tortillas chips was a P4 treatment with the addition of 75% purple sweet potato flour: 25% corn, with a texture value of 4.267, taste 4.75 and aroma 4.56 and for the best color treatment found in the addition of P3 had a value of 4.31. The best treatment in the chemical analysis is the P4 treatment had a color value of -10.93, moisture content of 8.94 and ash content of 2.57. For texture analysis test the highest treatment was P2 treatment with the addition of 25% purple sweet potato flour: 75% corn with a value of 1139.15.