Occurrence of Giardia Cysts in Mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) Destined for Human Consumption

2005 ◽  
Vol 68 (8) ◽  
pp. 1702-1705 ◽  
Author(s):  
HIPÓLITO GÓMEZ-COUSO ◽  
FERNANDO MÉNDEZ-HERMIDA ◽  
JOSÉ ANTONIO CASTRO-HERMIDA ◽  
ELVIRA ARES-MAZÁS
Keyword(s):  
Mytilus Galloprovincialis ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Direct Immunofluorescence ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Microbiological Contamination ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Immunofluorescence Antibody Test ◽  
Immunofluorescence Antibody ◽  
Giardia Cysts

Between January and June 2004, a total of 200 nondepurated mussel samples of the Galician coast (northwest Spain) were examined for Giardia cysts with a direct immunofluorescence antibody test. Giardia cysts were found in mussels from all of the estuaries studied, with an overall rate of contamination of 41.5%. There was relation between the presence of Giardia cysts, the microbiological contamination (expressed as most probable number of Escherichia coli) detected in the samples, and the harvesting area. This is the first work that describes the presence of Giardia cysts in mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) destined for human consumption.

scholarly journals Giardia sp. and Cryptosporidium sp. in Iberian Wolf

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 1579
Author(s):  
A.L. PEREIRA ◽  
T. L. MATEUS ◽  
L. LLANEZ ◽  
S. D. DUARTE
Keyword(s):  
Canis Lupus ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Direct Immunofluorescence ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
First Report ◽  
Immunofluorescence Antibody Test ◽  
Immunofluorescence Antibody ◽  
Canis Lupus Signatus ◽  
Iberian Wolf

A subsample consisting of fifty fecal samples from wild Iberian Wolf (Canis lupus signatus), from the northwest of Spain were collected in the field. The samples were analyzed for cysts of Giardia sp. and oocysts of Cryptosporidium sp. using a direct immunofluorescence antibody test (IFA). Giardia sp. and Cryptosporidium sp. were found in 20.0 % of the samples examined. Simple infections were more frequent (90.0 %) with seven (14.0 %) positive for Giardia sp. and two (4.0 %) positive for Cryptosporidium sp. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report of occurrence of Cryptosporidium sp. in Iberian Wolf.

scholarly journals Application of different techniques to detect Toxoplasma gondii in slaughtered sheep for human consumption

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 416-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annelise Castanha Barreto Tenório Nunes ◽  
Edna Maria Vieira da Silva ◽  
José Aelson de Oliveira ◽  
Elise Myuki Yamasaki ◽  
Pomy de Cássia Peixoto Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Cerebral Tissue ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Kappa Test ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Immunofluorescence Antibody Test ◽  
Perivascular Cuff ◽  
Immunofluorescence Antibody

Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate occurrence of Toxoplasma gondii in sheep slaughtered in the state of Alagoas, Brazil, by means of different diagnosis techniques. Serum samples and tissues from 100 slaughtered sheep were used. To detect antibodies, the indirect immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT) was used, and tissues from seropositive animals (cut-off ≥1:64) were submitted to Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and immunohistochemistry (IHC). To assess the concordance between the direct techniques, the kappa test was used. In the IFAT, it was observed that 14% (14/100) of the ovine samples were serum-positive. In the PCR, 21.43% (3/14) of the animals were positive and in IHC, it was observed that 7.14% (1/14) were positively stained for T. gondii in cerebral tissue. Histopathologically, the predominant finding was the presence of mononuclear cell infiltrate in the heart and a perivascular cuff in the cerebrum and cerebellum. The concordance between the direct diagnosis techniques was moderate (k=0.44). Thus, it is important to use different direct techniques in diagnosing toxoplasmosis in naturally infected sheep.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in dogs of riverside communities of Mato Grosso Pantanal, Brazil

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 531-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Yuki Rodrigues ◽  
Arleana do Bom Parto Ferreira de Almeida ◽  
Eveline da Cruz Boa Sorte ◽  
Naiani Domingos Gasparetto ◽  
Felipe Augusto Constantino Seabra da Cruz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Worldwide Distribution ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
Immunofluorescence Antibody Test ◽  
Immunofluorescence Antibody

Abstract Toxoplasma gondii is an intracellular protozoan with worldwide distribution and dogs act as sentinels of human infection. This search aimed to determine the occurrence of antibodies against T. gondii in dogs of the communities on the Cuiabá River, Mato Grosso and variables associated with infection. The dogs of the riverside communities in Cuiabá River, which includes Barranco Alto, Praia do Poço, Engenho Velho, Varginha, Bom Sucesso, Passagem da Conceição and São Gonçalo Beira Rio, were evaluated for the presence of T. gondii antibodies by indirect immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT). The prevalence and factors associated with infection were calculated by chi-squared test (χ2) or Fisher’s exact test, and univariate and multiple analysis. Of the 248 dogs surveyed, 107 (43.1%) were seropositive for T. gondii. The seroprevalence ranged from 25.6% to 64.3%. There was no statistically significant difference between the communities studied (p > 0.05). As for the associated factors, the only statistically significant factor was that of dogs living with cats (p = 0.02), with approximately twice the risk of acquiring infection. In conclusion, the seroprevalence in dogs of riverside communities in the Baixada Cuiabana demonstrated that high rates of infection, being the factor associated with infection, contact with domestic cats.

scholarly journals Efficacy of a solar still in destroying virus and indicator bacteria in water for human consumption

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Felipe Tiago do Nascimento ◽  
Carlos Augusto do Nascimento ◽  
Fernando Rosado Spilki ◽  
Rodrigo Staggemeier ◽  
Cláudio Marcos Lauer Júnior
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Human Adenovirus ◽  
Adenovirus Type ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Water Disinfection ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Solar Still ◽  
Probable Number

Natural water distillation can destroy and/or inactivate microorganisms that are sensitive to heat and ultraviolet radiation (UV). This method is currently used to provide fresh water in ships and in the desalination of brackish water. For the development of this research, a pilot-scale solar still was built and installed in the southern region of Brazil, in order to assess its efficiency in water disinfection, which was based on the most probable number (MPN) of total coliforms and  Escherichia coli, in addition to the DNA copy number of human adenovirus type 5 (HAdV-5) in raw, undistilled samples and in treated distilled water. Results showed that the distillation process removed 100% of total coliform and Escherichia coli and 4.5 log (99.997%) of HAdV-5, which meets the microbiological standards for drinking water according to national Brazilian regulations, as well as USEPA and HEALTH CANADA requirements.

scholarly journals Low prevalence of infection by Sarcocystis neurona in horses from the State of Alagoas, Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 298-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Regina Fonseca de Araújo Valença ◽  
Müller Ribeiro-Andrade ◽  
Gastón Moré ◽  
Pedro Paulo Feitosa de Albuquerque ◽  
José Wilton Pinheiro Júnior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Sarcocystis Neurona ◽  
Animal Management ◽  
Serological Status ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
Low Exposure ◽  
Low Prevalence ◽  
Immunofluorescence Antibody Test ◽  
Immunofluorescence Antibody

Abstract The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of infection by Sarcocystis neurona in horses and identify potential risk factors. Were analyzed 427 samples from 36 farms in 21 municipalities in the Alagoas State, Brazil. Presence of anti-S. neurona antibodies was diagnosed by indirect immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT) and was confirmed using the immunoblot test. Risk factors were assessed through investigative questionnaires on animal management on the farms. The prevalence of anti-S.neurona antibodies was 2.8% (confidence interval, CI: 1.5-4.9%) from IFAT and 1.6% (CI:0.8-3.34%) from immunoblot, and there were positive horses on 16.6% of the studied farms. None of the variables studied presented associations with serological status for S. neurona. This is the first report on infection by S. neurona in horses reared in Alagoas, Brazil showing a low exposure to S. neurona in this region, but with significant numbers of foci.

scholarly journals An indirect immunofluorescence antibody test employing whole eggs as the antigen for the diagnosis of abdominal angiostrongyliasis

2011 ◽  
Vol 106 (4) ◽  
pp. 390-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Abrahams-Sandi ◽  
Paolo Mesén-Ramírez ◽  
Dimelsa Suarez-Chacón ◽  
Katherine Fernández-Quesada
Keyword(s):  
Indirect Immunofluorescence ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Immunofluorescence Antibody Test ◽  
Immunofluorescence Antibody

scholarly journals Assessment of Watercare Efficacy on Treatment of Water for Human Consumption in Makurdi Metropolis Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
E M Mbaawuaga ◽  
W C Agber ◽  
M W Kar
Keyword(s):  
Water Samples ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Treated Water ◽  
Significant Difference

Assessment of the efficacy of Water-Care in the treatment of water to safe health level was carried out on water samples from different water sources within six populated communities of Makurdi Metropolis. Thirty six (36) water samples were collected and treated with WaterCare based on the product manufacturer’s instructions. Treated water stored for 30 minutes and 24 hours were tested for coliforms using Multiple Tube Fermentation technique. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used with the Tukey Honestly Significant Difference (HSD) for multiple comparisons of the data variables. Most probable Number (MPN) of coliforms /100mL of sampled water ranged from 43 to >1,100cfu/100ml. Mean MPN of treated water for30 minutes and 24 hours interval was 37.7±33.0cfu/100ml and 16.17±14.8cfu/100ml respectively. Improved/deep sources such as boreholes show 3cfu/100ml and 0cfu/100ml respectively for 30 minutes and 24 hours treatment while unimproved/shallow sources such as wells show ≤120 cfu/100ml and ≤53 cfu/100ml respectively for 30 minutes and 24 hour interval. A significant difference between treated samples and the untreated was observed (F = 6.321, P = 0.005). Tukey multiple comparison test revealed that MPN index/100ml in the water samples was significantly lower (P =0.015, P =0.009) after treating for 30 minutes and 24 hour time interval respectively as compared to untreated water. But there was no significant difference between the 30 minute and 24 hour time interval (P =0.970). The study found that, drinking water sources in Makurdi Township were heavily contaminated, and that 30 minutes and 24 hours’ time interval was not a sufficient time for total elimination of bacteria contaminants after treatment with WaterCare. Future research should ascertain the actual treatment time for inactivation of all bacteria in water treated with WaterCare.

scholarly journals Sensory Evaluation of grape yogurt with added calcium and zinc

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 125
Author(s):  
Ivani De Carvalho ◽  
Marinês De Souza ◽  
Ornella Maria Porcu
Keyword(s):  
Purchase Intention ◽  
Aerobic Bacteria ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
High Solids ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Intent To Purchase ◽  
Hedonic Scale ◽  
Yeasts And Molds

<p>Yogurt is a product widely recommended due to its sensory, nutritional and probiotic characteristics. It is made of milk containing high solids, lactic acid culture and sugar and can also be enriched. The objectives were to develop a grape yogurt with added calcium and zinc, and evaluate its microbiological and sensory characteristics and verify the consumer&rsquo;s acceptance and intent to purchase this product. A formulation of yoghurt enriched with calcium and zinc was elaborated. The microbiological analysis (most probable number (MPN) of coliforms at 35&nbsp;&ordm;C and 45&nbsp;&ordm;C (thermotolerant) Total count of mesophilic aerobic bacteria, <em>Staphylococcus</em> spp., yeasts and molds) indicated that the product was in agreement with existing national legislation for the identity and quality standards. The overall acceptance was conducted with 100 untrained panelists using a 9-point Hedonic Scale (1 - dislike extremely, 9 - like extremely), averaging more than 70.00 % to the questions of taste, flavor, color, sweetness, consistency and overall assessment. As to purchase intention, it was found that 77.00 % of consumers would buy grape yogurt with added calcium and zinc indicating that the formulation is feasible and acceptable for human consumption.</p><p>&nbsp;</p><p>DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14685/rebrapa.v1i2.28</p>

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