Food Safety Objective Approach for Controlling Clostridium botulinum Growth and Toxin Production in Commercially Sterile Foods

2011 ◽  
Vol 74 (11) ◽  
pp. 1956-1989 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. M. ANDERSON ◽  
J. W. LARKIN ◽  
M. B. COLE ◽  
G. E. SKINNER ◽  
R. C. WHITING ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Food Safety ◽  
Clostridium Botulinum ◽  
Control Measure ◽  
Maximum Level ◽  
Toxin Production ◽  
Microbial Inactivation ◽  
Management Framework ◽  
Risk Management Framework ◽  
The Impact

As existing technologies are refined and novel microbial inactivation technologies are developed, there is a growing need for a metric that can be used to judge equivalent levels of hazard control stringency to ensure food safety of commercially sterile foods. A food safety objective (FSO) is an output-oriented metric that designates the maximum level of a hazard (e.g., the pathogenic microorganism or toxin) tolerated in a food at the end of the food supply chain at the moment of consumption without specifying by which measures the hazard level is controlled. Using a risk-based approach, when the total outcome of controlling initial levels (H0), reducing levels (ΣR), and preventing an increase in levels (ΣI) is less than or equal to the target FSO, the product is considered safe. A cross-disciplinary international consortium of specialists from industry, academia, and government was organized with the objective of developing a document to illustrate the FSO approach for controlling Clostridium botulinum toxin in commercially sterile foods. This article outlines the general principles of an FSO risk management framework for controlling C. botulinum growth and toxin production in commercially sterile foods. Topics include historical approaches to establishing commercial sterility; a perspective on the establishment of an appropriate target FSO; a discussion of control of initial levels, reduction of levels, and prevention of an increase in levels of the hazard; and deterministic and stochastic examples that illustrate the impact that various control measure combinations have on the safety of well-established commercially sterile products and the ways in which variability all levels of control can heavily influence estimates in the FSO risk management framework. This risk-based framework should encourage development of innovative technologies that result in microbial safety levels equivalent to those achieved with traditional processing methods.

scholarly journals Relations of COVID-19 and the Risk Management Framework

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 11854
Author(s):  
Jozef Klucka ◽  
Rudolf Gruenbichler ◽  
Jozef Ristvej
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Management Framework ◽  
The North ◽  
Risk Management Framework ◽  
Internet Resources ◽  
Internal Procedures ◽  
The Impact

The routine approach used in risk management is based on the scheme that within the prevention period an organisation or a state prepares for the expected risks and once the risks occur, resources and internal procedures are implemented to mitigate their negative consequences. The objective of the paper is to analyse risk management and its constraints, its application in COVID-19 period and based on it provide mitigating strategies for specific problems/risks related to COVID-19. The research methods related to the topics are: (a) study of books, newspapers and other internet resources and (b) interviews with COVID-19 managers at district and regional level in the north of Slovakia. The proposals for mitigation strategies are based on the basic assumption relevant for COVID-19 that there are risks with unknown probability and unknown consequences. Therefore, the mitigation strategies are adapted to the current situation, which includes lack of data and know-how, lack of experience, political and economic unrest and social problems. The impact of constraints is based on an ad-hoc or unplanned and clearly structured approach. Problems and risks are identified and mitigation strategies are proposed. The proposed measures (quantitative/qualitative) should be evaluated and via benchmarking the development and efficiency of applied measures monitored and assessed. The output of identified risk-known and –unknown creates a framework for implementation.

scholarly journals A Risk Management Framework for User-Generated Content on Public Display Systems

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Coutinho ◽  
Rui José
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
User Generated Content ◽  
Public Display ◽  
Management Framework ◽  
Risk Management Framework ◽  
The Social ◽  
Risk Management Methodology ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Display Systems ◽  
Selection Of

Digital public displays can represent a powerful medium for personal expression and situated communication. However, before they can actually serve as an effective communication medium, they need to move towards more open models, in which user-generated content can play a more prominent role in their relevance and value proposition. The key challenge, however, is how to share control with users while being able to guarantee that published content matches the social expectations of a place and the goals of the display owner. In this study, we explore a risk management methodology as a comprehensive approach to this issue. We propose a framework that supports the systematic elicitation of the risks involved, their prioritisation, and the selection of the specific combination of moderation techniques that is able to reduce risk to a level that is deemed acceptable, while minimising the moderation effort and the impact on the willingness of users to publish their content. With this overall framework, we expect to help display owners to reason about the moderation needs of their displays and the best mapping between those needs and various moderation techniques.

scholarly journals Risk Management Framework for Handling and Storage of Cargo at Major Ports in Malaysia towards Port Sustainability

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 516 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zuritah A. Kadir ◽  
Roslina Mohammad ◽  
Norazli Othman ◽  
Astuty Amrin ◽  
Mohd Nabil Muhtazaruddin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Control Measure ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Risk Category ◽  
Risk Matrix ◽  
Management Framework ◽  
Risk Management Framework ◽  
Risk Assessment Method ◽  
Risk Reduction Measures

Risk management provides an effective method for ensuring safety and preventing accidents towards achieving port sustainability. This article describes a study of the implementation of a risk management framework for handling of cargo at ports. To achieve the study’s objectives, data was collected using a questionnaire and disseminated to port experts at three major ports in Malaysia. The collected data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software and calculated using risk matrix calculations. Based on the calculations, for port A and port B, 42% of risk falls under risk category II and 58% under risk category III. Meanwhile, for Port C, 31% under risk category II and 69% under risk category III. Risk reduction measures should be implemented within a defined period of time (12 months). Additional risk control measures were proposed accordingly. The novelty of the study was an improvement of risk management framework. The risk management framework was proposed with an introduction of risk frequency into risk rating calculation, risk criteria parameter for risk likelihood and risk severity, new risk matrix dimension and instruments to evaluate the existing control measure factor and new risk categories with five levels which provide more details and sustainable risk assessment method.

Developing and implementing the risk management framework into business processes of Gazprom transgaz Tomsk Ltd., for implementation of the Eastern gas program of PJSC Gazprom

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-77
Author(s):  
V. E. Zaikovsky ◽  
A. V. Karev
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
Management Information System ◽  
Business Processes ◽  
Project Success ◽  
Management Information ◽  
Timely Manner ◽  
Project Approach ◽  
Management Framework ◽  
Risk Management Framework

Project success depends on the ability to respond to risks and make correct decisions in a timely manner. The project approach provides a better framework for implementing a new management system into the company’s business processes. The risk management framework developed by the company comprises a risk management infrastructure, a set of standards, human resources, and a risk management information system. To improve staff compliance, it is necessary to provide training and to communicate the goals of the project effectively. It is also important to develop a motivation system because well trained and motivated staff are able to work more efficiently.

Systems-based accident analysis in the led outdoor activity domain: application and evaluation of a risk management framework

Ergonomics ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 53 (8) ◽  
pp. 927-939 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Salmon ◽  
A. Williamson ◽  
M. Lenné ◽  
E. Mitsopoulos-Rubens ◽  
C.M. Rudin-Brown
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Accident Analysis ◽  
Outdoor Activity ◽  
Management Framework ◽  
Risk Management Framework ◽  
Activity Domain
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