Analysis of Chloramphenicol and Two Metabolites in Crab and Shrimp Following Waterborne Exposure

2018 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 677-683
Author(s):  
EDWARD L. E. JESTER ◽  
JARED I. LOADER ◽  
HAROLD A. FLORES QUINTANA ◽  
KATHLEEN R. EL SAID ◽  
RONALD A. BENNER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Parent Drug ◽  
The United States ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Drug Molecule ◽  
Waterborne Exposure ◽  
Aquaculture Products ◽  
Current Detection

ABSTRACT The use of chloramphenicol (CAP) in aquaculture products is banned in many countries, including the United States, due to human health issues. Very few depletion and metabolism studies of CAP in seafood have been performed. Current detection methods for CAP residues in food are directed toward the parent drug molecule, but rapid elimination following treatment suggests the need for an alternative marker residue. We identified, characterized, and determined the persistence of two CAP metabolites, CAP-base (CAP-B) and CAP-alcohol (CAP-OH), in crab and shrimp. Interday recoveries of CAP, CAP-B, and CAP-OH in muscle fortified (n = 9) at levels of 0.15 to 0.60 ng/g ranged from 95 to 127% and 101 to 119% for crab and shrimp, respectively, with repeatability ranging from 4 to 19%. The limit of detection for CAP and metabolites in crab and shrimp ranged from 0.05 to 0.11 ng/g. We also monitored the depletion of CAP, CAP-B, and CAP-OH in crab following waterborne exposures. To our knowledge, we present the first CAP depletion and metabolite study following waterborne exposure in crabs, with the aim of identifying alternative marker residues.

Epidemiology of Technology Use and Mental Health in the United States

2020 ◽  
pp. 41-56
Author(s):  
Seth W. Whiting ◽  
Rani A. Hoff
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
United States ◽  
Technology Use ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Role Playing ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mass Scale ◽  
Online Gambling ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Mental Health Issues

Advancements in technologies and their mass-scale adoption throughout the United States create rapid changes in how people interact with the environment and each other and how they live and work. As technologies become commonplace in society through increased availability and affordability, several problems may emerge, including disparate use among groups, which creates divides in attainment of the beneficial aspects of a technology’s use and coinciding mental health issues. This chapter briefly overviews new technologies and associated emerging applications in information communication technologies, social media networks, video games and massively multiplayer online role-playing games, and online gambling, then examines the prevalence of use among the general population and its subgroups and further discusses potential links between mental health issues associated with each technology and implications of overuse.

Policies, Laws, Regulations, Contracts, and Procedures

2019 ◽  
pp. 29-37
Author(s):  
Mark E. Frisse ◽  
Karl E. Misulis
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Care Delivery ◽  
The United States ◽  
Clinical Informatics ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Clinical Systems ◽  
Laws And Regulations

Healthcare in the United States is heavily regulated; a host of often-confusing policies, laws, and regulations impact care delivery and care reimbursement. Because of the breadth of society’s health issues; the diversity of personal, religious, philosophical, or societal goals; and the conflicts that arise among concerned stakeholders, policies or their execution through procedures are almost always controversial. Policies are positions, statements, and courses of action that reflect an organization’s goals and values and are the products of government, business, or other authorities. Collectively, the arguably undue complexity of these regulatory efforts place enormous burdens on both those who develop clinical systems and those who must use them. Clinical informatics professionals must understand these complexities and seek ways of simplifying care and administrative processes.

Microbiological Safety of Dried Spices

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 409-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua B. Gurtler ◽  
Susanne E. Keller
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Foodborne Pathogens ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
The United States ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Product Recalls ◽  
Foodborne Outbreaks ◽  
Imported Food ◽  
Multiple Product ◽  
Pathogen Populations

Spices in the desiccated state provide an environment that allows the survival of many foodborne pathogens. Currently, the incidence of pathogen-positive spices imported into the United States is 1.9 times higher than for any other imported food. Correspondingly, imported spices have been associated with numerous foodborne outbreaks and multiple product recalls. Despite the association with recalls and outbreaks, the actual pathogen populations in spices, when found, are frequently extremely small. In addition to pathogenic bacterial species, toxigenic molds have been frequently recovered from spices, and aflatoxins have been found in as many as 58% of the spices sampled. The presence of toxigenic molds is especially problematic to the immunocompromised or those on immunosuppressive therapy and has been linked to gut aspergillosis. Numerous detection methods, including both traditional and advanced DNA regimes, are being tested to optimize recovery of pathogens from spices. Further, a number of new inactivation intervention methods to decontaminate spices are examined and discussed.

Cascading effects of childhood abuse on physical health issues in later adulthood through trait anxiety and poor daily sleep quality

2020 ◽  
pp. 135910532090987
Author(s):  
Eunjin Lee Tracy ◽  
Cory T Tracy ◽  
Jichan J Kim ◽  
Rumei Yang ◽  
Eunjung Kim
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Life Span ◽  
Childhood Abuse ◽  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
The United States ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Health Consequences ◽  
Cascading Effects

The purpose of this study was to investigate the mediating roles of trait anxiety and daily sleep quality between childhood abuse and physical health issues later in adulthood by utilizing the Midlife in the United States Study ( n = 281; Mage = 56.38 in wave 2 and Mage = 62.57 in wave 3). Individuals who reported a higher level of childhood abuse reported a higher level of trait anxiety and a lower level of daily sleep quality, leading to an increase in physical health issues. The results highlight the cascading effects of childhood abuse on serious health consequences over the life span.

scholarly journals Social Media and Men’s Health: A Content Analysis of Twitter Conversations During the 2013 Movember Campaigns in the United States, Canada, and the United Kingdom

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1627-1641 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline A. Bravo ◽  
Laurie Hoffman-Goetz
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Content Analysis ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
The United States ◽  
Men’S Health ◽  
Men's Health ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Health Related

The Movember Foundation raises awareness and funds for men’s health issues such as prostate and testicular cancers in conjunction with a moustache contest. The 2013 Movember campaigns in the United States, Canada, and the United Kingdom shared the same goal of creating conversations about men’s health that lead to increased awareness and understanding of the health risks men face. Our objective was to explore Twitter conversations to identify whether the 2013 Movember campaigns sparked global conversations about prostate cancer, testicular cancer, and other men’s health issues. We conducted a content analysis of 12,666 tweets posted during the 2013 Movember campaigns in the United States, Canada, and the United Kingdom (4,222 tweets from each country) to investigate whether tweets were health-related or non-health-related and to determine what topics dominated conversations. Few tweets ( n = 84, 0.7% of 12,666 tweets) provided content-rich or actionable health information that would lead to awareness and understanding of men’s health risks. While moustache growing and grooming was the most popular topic in U.S. tweets, conversations about community engagement were most common in Canadian and U.K. tweets. Significantly more tweets co-opted the Movember campaign to market products or contests in the United States than Canada and the United Kingdom ( p < .05). Findings from this content analysis of Twitter suggest that the 2013 Movember campaigns in the United States, Canada, and the United Kingdom sparked few conversations about prostate and testicular cancers that could potentially lead to greater awareness and understanding of important men’s health issues.

scholarly journals Mental health issues experienced by jail inmates in Texas: An overview of diagnostic problems

2020 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 169-182
Author(s):  
Jurg Gerber ◽  
Ahram Cho
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
Correctional Facilities ◽  
Mental Health Training ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Jail Inmates ◽  
Health Training ◽  
Mental Health Issues

Mental health issues experienced by jail inmates in Texas: An overview of diagnostic problemsThe main purpose of the article is to show selected aspects of prisoners’ mental health in the United States using the example of the state of Texas. The article indicates the nature and scope of needs in the area of inmates’ mental health in various correctional units and shows some aspects of the diagnosis problems. The authors analyze the reasons for the transfer of responsibility for mental health of prisoners sentenced to the administration of correctional facilities, especially jails. The article also shows the needs of the Prison Administration regarding convicts’ mental health training and classification systems for prisoners in Texas.

scholarly journals Integrating PCR-free amplification and synergistic sensing for ultrasensitive and rapid CRISPR/Cas12a-based SARS-CoV-2 antigen detection

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiangxiang Zhao ◽  
Zhengduo Wang ◽  
Bowen Yang ◽  
Zilong Li ◽  
Yaojun Tong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
De Novo ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Antigen Detection ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Medical Diagnoses ◽  
Nucleic Acid Analysis ◽  
Amplification Strategy ◽  
Strategy Integration ◽  
Current Detection

Antigen detection provides particularly valuable information for medical diagnoses; however, the current detection methods are less sensitive and accurate than nucleic acid analysis. The combination of CRISPR/Cas12a and aptamers provides a new detection paradigm, but sensitive sensing and stable amplification in antigen detection remain challenging. Here, we present a PCR-free multiple trigger dsDNA tandem-based signal amplification strategy and a de novo designed dual aptamer synergistic sensing strategy. Integration of these two strategies endowed the CRISPR/Cas12a and aptamer-based method with ultra-sensitive, fast, and stable antigen detection. In a demonstration of this method, the limit of detection was at the single virus level (0.17 fM, approximately two copies/μL) in SARS-CoV-2 antigen nucleocapsid protein analysis of saliva or serum samples. The entire procedure required only 20 minutes. Given our system's simplicity and modular setup, we believe that it could be adapted reasonably easily for general applications in CRISPR/Cas12a-aptamer-based detection.

Online Well-Being Focused Curriculums

2017 ◽  
pp. 1415-1429
Author(s):  
Michelle Lee D'Abundo ◽  
Stephen L. Firsing III ◽  
Cara Lynn Sidman
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Quality Of Life ◽  
United States ◽  
Medical Model ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Health Behavior Change ◽  
The United States ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Health Related

Education and health are among the most salient issues facing Americans today. The field of public health has moved away from a physical health medical model to a more well-being focused quality-of-life perspective. K-20 curriculums in the United States need to reflect this ideological shift. In this chapter, content-focused curriculums with process-focused health behavior change-oriented learning are proposed as a strategy to promote well-being. Other issues that need to be addressed in the current education system are that the delivery of health-related curriculums is often inconsistent and taught by untrained personnel. Well-being-focused curriculums delivered online can provide consistency to improve the quality of health courses. This innovative approach has the potential to improve educational and health outcomes for K-20 curriculums while addressing public health issues by promoting well-being and quality-of-life for children and adults throughout the United States.

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