Simultaneous Quantification of Chloramphenicol, Thiamphenicol, Florfenicol, and Florfenicol Amine in Animal and Aquaculture Products Using Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry

The accumulation of antimicrobial residues in edible animal products and aquaculture products could pose health concerns to unsuspecting consumers. Hence, this study aimed to develop a validated method for simultaneous quantification of chloramphenicol (CAP), thiamphenicol (TAP), florfenicol (FF), and florfenicol amine (FFA) in beef, pork, chicken, shrimp, eel, and flatfish using a quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) extraction method coupled with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Primary-secondary amine (PSA) and MgSO4 were used for sample purification. The analytes were separated on a reversed-phase analytical column. The coefficients of determination for the linear matrix-matched calibration curves were ≥0.9941. Recovery rates ranged between 64.26 and 116.51% for the four analytes with relative standard deviations (RSDs) ≤ 18.05%. The calculated limits of detection (LODs) and limits of quantification (LOQs) were 0.005–3.1 and 0.02–10.4 μg/kg, respectively. The developed method was successfully applied for monitoring samples obtained from local markets in Seoul, Republic of Korea. The target residues were not detected in any tested matrix. The designed method was versatile, sensitive, and proved suitable for quantifying residues in animal-derived products.

Evaluation of the composition of essential fatty acids in the tissues of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) grown in closed water supply units

Recently, the task of artificial cultivation of especially valuable fish species in aquaculture has become more and more urgent. The value of salmon fish, and in particular rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum, 1792) available for breeding, is largely determined by the high content of biologically active essential and polyunsaturated fatty acids of the group ω-6 and ω-3, necessary for vital activity and not synthesized by the human body. Since the natural stocks of many popular fatty fish have decreased, farmed fish can help meet consumer demand for this product. Based on this, the assessment of the content of the main ω-6 and ω-3 fatty acids in the fat of rainbow trout grown in closed-loop water supply installations (USV) was made. The fat was extracted from the fish by thermal method with further distillation by supercritical fluid extraction on the SFT-150 unit. The ratio of fatty acids in the fish oil sample was determined using the Chromatek-Kristall-5000 M hardware and software complex. The results obtained were compared with the standard for salmon fish oil “Aquaculture products” and “Wild fish”. It is established that trout cultivated in the UZV in the Penza region, in terms of the content of the main essential fatty acids, is not inferior to the quality indicators of the standard in terms of the requirements for salmon fish of “Aquaculture products”. In fish, all essential fatty acids are present in sufficient quantities, the ratio of ω-6 to ω-3 is 2.6:1, which indicates a high nutritional value of the product and allows it to be used in human food to provide the body with essential fatty acids, as well as a raw material for obtaining therapeutic and preventive products.

Clusters are the basis for the sustainable development of industrial mariculture in the Russian Federation. Part 1. Trends in the development of world fisheries and aquaculture

Global problems and trends in the development of world fisheries and aquaculture are considered. The reasons and factors of the extensive development of the world industrial fisheries and the sustainable development of the production of world aquaculture products are shown. The contribution of fisheries and aquaculture to the GDP of the national economy of the countries is noted. Russia needs to actively develop industrial mariculture, based on the existing significant scientific and practical groundwork and the formation of regional clusters.

PEMBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT MELALUI DIVERSIFIKASI PRODUK OLAHAN IKAN LELE DI DESA CURUG, GUNUNG SINDUR, KABUPATEN BOGOR

Community service involves groups of fish cultivators and PKK women in Curug Village, Gunung Sindur District, Bogor Regency. Curug Village is one of the villages included in the Minapolitan Development Area for Freshwater Fish Cultivation, Bogor Regency. The problems faced by partners are that the utilization of fish harvests into processed products, especially catfish, has not been maximized, and the partners' ignorance about themdiversification of processed catfish products. The purpose of this activity is to assist partners in exploiting the potential of aquaculture products into processed catfish products. Methods of implementing activities include socialization or counseling, training and mentoring. This partner village development activity contributes and benefits partners in the application of appropriate technology and the development of catfish cultivation yields into processed products as an effort to increase the independence and welfare of rural communities.Pengabdian kepada masyarakat melibatkan kelompok pembudidaya ikan dan ibu PKK Desa Curug, Kecamatan Gunung Sindur, Kabupaten Bogor. Desa Curug merupakan salah satu desa yang termasuk wilayah Pengembangan Kawasan Minapolitan Budidaya Ikan Air Tawar Kabupaten Bogor. Permasalahan yang dihadapi mitra adalah belum maksimalnya pemanfaatan hasil panen ikan menjadi produk olahan terutama ikan lele, dan masih adanya ketidaktahuan mitra tentang diversifikasi produk olahan ikan lele. Tujuan dari kegiatan ini adalah membantu mitradalam pemanfaatan potensi hasil budidaya menjadi produk olahan ikan lele. Metode pelaksanaan kegiatan meliputi sosialisasi atau penyuluhan, pelatihan dan pendampingan. Kegiatan pengembangan desa mitra ini memberikan kontribusi dan manfaat kepada mitra dalam penerapan teknologi tepat guna dan pengembangan hasil panen budidaya ikan lele menjadi produk olahan sebagai upaya meningkatkan kemandirian dan kesejahteraan masyarakat desa.

Features of Growing Live Food Artemia salina in Aquaculture

The problem of providing Russians with safe high quality aquaculture products remains essential. It is necessary to achieve the objective of developing the production of live food to cultivate baby fish in Russia, as well as in the Irkutsk region. The aim of the article is to study and introduce the technology of obtaining Artemia salina nauplii. An analysis of contemporary literature on biology, as far as the issues of aquaculture are concerned, proves the necessity of selecting a technology of cultivating nauplii to feed fish at certain age stages. The article summarizes the data on the habitat of Artemia salina in the Russian Federation. The data on the larval stage of the object of the research are specified. Scientific foundations of technological aspects with regard to hatching of hydrobionts Artemia salina larvae are presented. Environmental optimum conditions for swim-up of Artemia depending on the degree of water salinity, oxygen saturation and luminance during the incubation period of small crustaceans are specified. The reasons for giving live food to baby fish are substantiated.

Dietary Exposure to Additives and Sorbed Contaminants from Ingested Microplastic Particles Through the Consumption of Fisheries and Aquaculture Products

Microplastics and nanoplastics may be found in the gastrointestinal tract of some aquatic animals and could potentially be ingested by humans if consumed whole. Information on the toxicity of plastic particles, as well as co-contaminants such as plastic additives, remains scarce. This represents a serious challenge to perform realistic risk assessments. An exposure assessment of selected plastic additives and co-contaminants of known toxicity associated with microplastics was carried out for shellfish in this study, which builds on an exposure assessment of microplastic additives and a limited number of associated contaminants in mussels conducted by the FAO in 2017. This study evaluates possible impacts to food safety by examining a diverse additives and associated sorbed contaminants. The results suggest that the levels of certain microplastic additives and sorbed co-contaminants in target animals (shrimp, prawns, clams, oysters, and mussels) do not pose a food safety threat to consumers. To get to further conclusions, an exposure assessment from the whole diet should be carried out and the toxicity of some of the most common polymers and plastic additives, as well as their mixtures, needs to be carefully evaluated.

Prospects for the development of aquaculture in the southern regions of Russia

The article presents an analysis of the prospects for the development of aquaculture in the southern regions of Russia. It is shown that the volume of aquaculture in the southern regions of the country in 2020 amounted to more than 78.6 thousand tons, which is 24% of the all-Russian. The Southern Federal District is one of the three leaders in the production of aquaculture products, its volume amounted to 81.4 thousand tons in 2019 and 70.2 thousand tons in 2020. About 90.6% of aquaculture products were received in the Rostov and Astrakhan regions, Krasnodar Krai. The volume of commercial production in the Republic of Crimea has increased significantly (by 23%). Pasture aquaculture, pond and industrial fish farming, recreational aquaculture, and mariculture are promising areas in the federal District. There is a great variety of growing objects, these are both traditional species for the region and the country — carp, herbivorous, sturgeon, and pike, common and channel catfish, walleye, perch, pilengas, paddlefish, buffalo. In addition, shellfish farms are actively developing on the coast of Crimea. The prospects of interaction between fundamental, branch, university science and enterprises of the real sector of the economy are shown. In order to achieve sustainable development of the country’s aquaculture, it is necessary to strengthen state support measures, especially for small businesses and fish farming. At the same time, support should be provided not only at the state, but also at the regional level.

Contribution of fishery and aquaculture products to Turkish foreign trade: An evaluation by a hybrid multi-criteria decision-making method

Fisheries and aquaculture industry, which provides a continuous and high-return market advantage to potential countries, is also one of the priority industries for Turkey. Although Turkey has important advantages with its geographic position and bio-diversity, the industry's contribution to foreign trade is not at an acceptable level. Accordingly, it is important to evaluate the capture fishery and aquaculture products, which provide the best contribution to the foreign trade of Turkey. Thus, the present paper aims to provide foreign trade executives with an intuition about the most appropriate products to invest in and contributing products to Turkish foreign trade within the scope of market strategies. Entropy-WASPAS, which is a hybrid multi-criteria decision-making method, is used for evaluating the contribution of fishery and aquaculture products to Turkish foreign trade. This model includes both criteria (production, import quantity, import value, export quantity, export value) and alternatives (trout, sea bream, sea bass, sprat, atlantic bonito, anchovy, horse mackerel, pilchard, sea snail, prawn, cuttle fish, mussel). Entropy is used to determine the criteria weights, and WASPAS is applied for ranking the fishery and aquaculture products. According to the results, export value is the most important criteria while Sea Bream is found as the most significant product for Turkey’s foreign trade.

Isolation, identification and molecular characterization of Aeromonas spp. from farmed loach (Misgurnus anguillicaudatus)

Gram-negative Aeromonas bacteria is known to contaminate aquaculture products and retains the ability to infect wide range of host including fishes, shrimps and humans. This study is designed to evaluate the presence of Aeromonas in healthy loaches (Misgurnus anguillicaudatus) collected from the markets in Hainan and Guangdong provinces of China. Based on the molecular sequencing and phylogenetic analysis with single 16S rRNA and concatenated genes (gyrA and ropD), 104 isolates were identified as Aeromonas species followed by further classification to A. veronii (83.65%), A. jandaei (9.62%), A. hydrophila (3.85%) and A. allosaccharophila(2.88%). More than half of the isolates displayed hemolytic activity of 87.5% and were able to form moderate biofilm (78.26%). Fourteen antibiotics from ten representative classes were screened that demonstrated complete resistance to ampicillin, 89.4% and 68.3% to lincomycin and nalidixic acid. Moreover, a notable detection and prevalence was found in screening of ten virulence-related and nine resistance genes. To our knowledge, it is the first report of its kind demonstrating potential threat of the commercial loaches carrying Aeromonas to human health. These findings will assist professionals working in clinical settings to optimize their prescription accordingly and researchers to access the impacts of Aeromonas resistance on human health.