Free-range eggs from a very polluted site in central Italy: levels of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-Dioxins/Furans and Polychlorinated Biphenyls and estimated human dietary exposure

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federica Castellani ◽  
Lamberto Manzoli ◽  
Cecilia Acuti Martellucci ◽  
Maria Elena Flacco ◽  
Maria Luisa Astolfi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polychlorinated Biphenyls ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Dietary Exposure ◽  
Contamination Level ◽  
Free Range ◽  
Weekly Intake ◽  
Tolerable Weekly Intake ◽  
Commission Regulation ◽  
Contamination Levels ◽  
A Site

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the contamination levels of some classes of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in free-range hen eggs and to estimate the related human dietary exposure in a Site of National Interest (SNI), characterized by a serious state of environmental pollution (Bussi sul Tirino area, central Italy). For these purposes, 17 samples of free-range hen eggs collected in home-producing farms located in the SNI territory were analyzed for 17 polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs), 12 dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (dl-PCBs) and 6 non-dioxin-like PCBs (ndl-PCBs). Dietary exposure was assessed assuming a standard consumption of eggs per week. The concentration of ∑PCDD/Fs + dl-PCBs ranged from 0.463 to 8.028 pg TEQ (Toxic Equivalent) g−1 fat, while the mean contamination level of the ∑ndl-PCBs ranged from 0.234 to 7.741 ng TEQ g−1 fat. PCDD/Fs and PCBs contamination levels were lower than maximum values established by the Commission Regulation (EU) 1259/2011, except for one sample. The estimated weekly intake (EWI), calculated in order to evaluate the contribution in terms of the monitored pollutants of the locally produced eggs to the diet, was lower than the tolerable weekly intake (TWI) established by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA).

Polychlorinated biphenyls in seafood: contamination levels and human dietary exposure

2003 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 491-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.M. Storelli ◽  
R. Giacominelli-Stuffler ◽  
A. Storelli ◽  
G.O. Marcotrigiano
Keyword(s):  
Polychlorinated Biphenyls ◽  
Dietary Exposure ◽  
Contamination Levels

scholarly journals Probabilistic Risk Analysis to Assess Dietary Exposure to Aluminum in the Taiwanese Population

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 1099
Author(s):  
Shu-Han You ◽  
Szu-Chieh Chen ◽  
Chin-Hsin Lin ◽  
Yen-Chu Chen
Keyword(s):  
Food Consumption ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Dietary Exposure ◽  
Health Concerns ◽  
Weekly Intake ◽  
Tolerable Weekly Intake ◽  
Parameters Uncertainty ◽  
Total Diet ◽  
Consumption Rates ◽  
Probabilistic Risk

Aluminum (Al) exposure at human dietary levels raises health concerns, yet little is known about the Al exposure from the Taiwanese diet. The amount of aluminum (Al)-containing food consumption in the Taiwanese total diet is increasing, which contributes to the total diet consumption., which raises the health concerns. In this study, we aim to assess estimated weekly intake (EWI) and the percentage of provisional tolerable weekly intake (%PTWI) of the dietary exposure to Al in different age-sex groups. We also applied probabilistic risk analyses to quantify the parameters’ uncertainty by focusing on the distribution function for the Al concentration in food, consumption rate, and body weight in specific age groups. Results indicated that the EWIs declined with increasing age after 6-years old (7–12 > 13–15 > 16–18 > 19–64 > 65+). Results indicated that the EWIs gradually declined after 6-year of age. The EWIs of Al-rich food in cake + waffle, kelp, snacks, and bread contributed 20%, 17%, 17%, and 11%, respectively, to the total EWIs, corresponding with the much higher consumption rates for these four foods. The 75th percentile of EWIs for the children aged 34–6 years had a %PTWI valued at over 100%, indicating a potential risk of Al intake via dietary exposure. Our findings show that there is a concern about the consumption of Al-rich foods for children in Taiwan.

scholarly journals Cadmium, environmental exposure, and health outcomes

2011 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 2587-2602 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soisungwan Satarug ◽  
Scott H. Garrett ◽  
Mary Ann Sens ◽  
Donald A. Sens
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Dietary Exposure ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Provisional Tolerable Weekly Intake ◽  
Weekly Intake ◽  
Intake Level ◽  
Tolerable Weekly Intake ◽  
Calcium Iron

We provide an update of the issues surrounding health risk assessment of exposure to cadmium in food. Bioavailability of ingested cadmium has been confirmed in studies of persons with elevated dietary exposure, and the findings have been strengthened by the substantial amounts of cadmium accumulated in kidneys, eyes, and other tissues and organs of environmentally exposed individuals. We hypothesized that such accumulation results from the efficient absorption and systemic transport of cadmium, employing multiple transporters that are used for the body's acquisition of calcium, iron, zinc, and manganese. Adverse effects of cadmium on kidney and bone have been observed in environmentally exposed populations at frequencies higher than those predicted from models of exposure. Population data raise concerns about the validity of the current safe intake level that uses the kidney as the sole target in assessing the health risk from ingested cadmium. The data also question the validity of incorporating the default 5% absorption rate in the threshold-type risk assessment model, known as the provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI), to derive a safe intake level for cadmium.

scholarly journals Clostridia in Insect Processed Animal Proteins—Is an Epidemiological Problem Possible?

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 270
Author(s):  
Tomasz Grenda ◽  
Krzysztof Kwiatek ◽  
Magdalena Goldsztejn ◽  
Magdalena Sapała ◽  
Nina Kozieł ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
16S Rdna ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Contamination Level ◽  
Type D ◽  
Botulinum Type ◽  
Livestock Animal ◽  
Contamination Levels ◽  
Rdna Analysis ◽  
Clostridium Spp

The aim of this study was the evaluation of the insect processed animal protein (IPAP) contamination level by Clostridium spp. Particularly, we screened for the occurrence of pathogenic species of Clostridia. The samples of IPAP were derived from yellow mealworm (Tenebrio molitor) and black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) available in the Polish market. The IPAPs were added to experimental feeds for poultry. The differences between the contamination levels of the control (without the addition of IPAP) and experimental (with the addition of IPAP) groups were monitored. The samples were also examined by culture and PCR-based methods to detect 16S rDNA and genes determining botulinum toxin (BoNT) production. Statistical significance was noticed among the feed with the IPAP addition, as well as an increase of contamination by Clostridium spp. In one sample of IPAP, the occurrence of ntnh and bont/D genes determining the production of BoNT/D was noticed. However, a positive result was noticed only at the step of the liquid culture; the Clostridium botulinum type D strain was not isolated. Phenotypically, and according to the 16S rDNA analysis, genetically similar strains to C. botulinum species were isolated. Considering the microbiological safety of IPAP and expanding possibility of its use in livestock animal feed, it seems to be reasonable to provide complex risk assessment on the potential transfer of Clostridia into feed compounds, to assure the safety and sustainable development of insect PAP industry.

scholarly journals Mycotoxins in Tea: Occurrence, Methods of Determination and Risk Evaluation

Toxins ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irina Sedova ◽  
Mariya Kiseleva ◽  
Victor Tutelyan
Keyword(s):  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Aflatoxin B1 ◽  
Health Hazard ◽  
Black Tea ◽  
Contamination Level ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Commodity Production ◽  
Exposure Estimate ◽  
Contamination Levels ◽  
Public Health Protection

Tea is one of the most popular beverages all over the world. Being an everyday drink for almost everyone, for centuries tea was considered safe and healthy. However, fungal contamination of tea at any stage of commodity production can pose a serious health hazard due to the accumulation of toxic secondary metabolites of moulds. Contemporary research revealed incidences of highly contaminated samples. Mycotoxin transfer from naturally contaminated raw tea into beverage was well studied for ochratoxin A only, and the possible leak of other mycotoxins is discussed. The results of several surveys were combined to evaluate aflatoxin B1 and ochratoxin A contamination levels in black tea and Pu-erh. Exposure estimate to aflatoxin B1 and ochratoxin A due to tea consumption was carried out based on these data. Average contamination level corresponds to the exposure of 3–40% (aflatoxin B1) and 5–24% (ochratoxin A) of mean overall estimates for different cluster diets. Lack of data does not allow the conclusion for the necessity of public health protection measures. It is necessary to perform representative studies of different kinds of tea for regulated mycotoxins at least. Contemporary techniques for analysis of mycotoxins in tea are summarised in the present review.

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