Cadmium, environmental exposure, and health outcomes

We provide an update of the issues surrounding health risk assessment of exposure to cadmium in food. Bioavailability of ingested cadmium has been confirmed in studies of persons with elevated dietary exposure, and the findings have been strengthened by the substantial amounts of cadmium accumulated in kidneys, eyes, and other tissues and organs of environmentally exposed individuals. We hypothesized that such accumulation results from the efficient absorption and systemic transport of cadmium, employing multiple transporters that are used for the body's acquisition of calcium, iron, zinc, and manganese. Adverse effects of cadmium on kidney and bone have been observed in environmentally exposed populations at frequencies higher than those predicted from models of exposure. Population data raise concerns about the validity of the current safe intake level that uses the kidney as the sole target in assessing the health risk from ingested cadmium. The data also question the validity of incorporating the default 5% absorption rate in the threshold-type risk assessment model, known as the provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI), to derive a safe intake level for cadmium.

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Dietary exposure to cadmium at close to the current provisional tolerable weekly intake does not affect renal function among female Japanese farmers

Environmental Research ◽

10.1016/s0013-9351(03)00142-7 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 95 (1) ◽

pp. 20-31 ◽

Cited By ~ 73

Author(s):

Hyogo Horiguchi ◽

Etsuko Oguma ◽

Satoshi Sasaki ◽

Kayoko Miyamoto ◽

Yoko Ikeda ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Renal Function ◽

Dietary Exposure ◽

Provisional Tolerable Weekly Intake ◽

Weekly Intake ◽

Tolerable Weekly Intake

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Health Risk Assessment Model of Drinking Water Sources Based on Combination of Bayesian and Triangle Fuzzy Number

Proceedings of the 2019 3rd International Conference on Advances in Image Processing ◽

10.1145/3373419.3373432 ◽

2019 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Weijian Ran ◽

Xin Tian ◽

Yumin Wang

Keyword(s):

Risk Assessment ◽

Drinking Water ◽

Health Risk ◽

Health Risk Assessment ◽

Fuzzy Number ◽

Water Sources ◽

Assessment Model ◽

Risk Assessment Model ◽

Drinking Water Sources

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Pb Content, Risk Level and Primary-Source Apportionment in Wheat and Rice Grains in the Lihe River Watershed, Taihu Region, Eastern China

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18126256 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (12) ◽

pp. 6256

Author(s):

Lian Chen ◽

Shenglu Zhou ◽

Qiong Yang ◽

Qingrong Li ◽

Dongxu Xing ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Assessment ◽

Health Risk ◽

Source Apportionment ◽

Health Risk Assessment ◽

Eastern China ◽

Assessment Model ◽

Primary Sources ◽

Risk Level ◽

River Watershed ◽

Rice Grains

This study detailed a complete research from Lead (Pb) content level to ecological and health risk to direct- and primary-sources apportionment arising from wheat and rice grains, in the Lihe River Watershed of the Taihu region, East China. Ecological and health risk assessment were based on the pollution index and US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) health risk assessment model. A three-stage quantitative analysis program based on Pb isotope analysis to determine the relative contributions of primary sources involving (1) direct-source apportionment in grains with a two-end-member model, (2) apportionment of soil and dustfall sources using the IsoSource model, and (3) the integration of results of (1) and (2) was notedly first proposed. The results indicated that mean contents of Pb in wheat and rice grains were 0.54 and 0.45 mg/kg and both the bio-concentration factors (BCF) were <<1; the ecological risk pollution indices were 1.35 for wheat grains and 1.11 for rice grains; hazard quotient (HQ) values for adult and child indicating health risks through ingestion of grains were all <1; Coal-fired industrial sources account for up to 60% of Pb in the grains. This study provides insights into the management of grain Pb pollution and a new method for its source apportionment.

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Dietary exposure of the adult Croatian population to meat, liver and meat products from the Croatian market: Health risk assessment

Journal of Food Composition and Analysis ◽

10.1016/j.jfca.2020.103672 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 95 ◽

pp. 103672

Author(s):

Nina Bilandžić ◽

Marija Sedak ◽

Bruno Čalopek ◽

Maja Đokić ◽

Ivana Varenina ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Assessment ◽

Health Risk ◽

Health Risk Assessment ◽

Meat Products ◽

Dietary Exposure

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Human health risk assessment of DDTs and HCHs through dietary exposure in Nanjing, China

Chemosphere ◽

10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.03.003 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 177 ◽

pp. 211-216 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Qianqian Zhang ◽

Zhonghuan Xia ◽

Minmin Wu ◽

Liping Wang ◽

Hao Yang

Keyword(s):

Risk Assessment ◽

Health Risk ◽

Human Health ◽

Health Risk Assessment ◽

Human Health Risk ◽

Dietary Exposure ◽

Human Health Risk Assessment

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Risk Assessment of Cadmium, Lead, and Mercury on Human Health in Relation to the Consumption of Farmed Sea Bass in Italy: A Meta-Analytical Approach

Frontiers in Marine Science ◽

10.3389/fmars.2021.616488 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Calogero Di Bella ◽

Antonino Calagna ◽

Gaetano Cammilleri ◽

Pietro Schembri ◽

Daniela Lo Monaco ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Assessment ◽

Human Health ◽

Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽

Hazard Quotient ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Sea Bass ◽

Target Hazard Quotient ◽

Weekly Intake ◽

Tolerable Weekly Intake ◽

Significant Difference

A risk assessment, related to the consumption of farmed sea bass, was carried out by meta-analysis, taking into account the concentration of trace metals (Cd, Pb, Hg) reported in the literature, the estimated weekly intake (EWI), the provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI), and the target hazard quotient (THQ). The concentrations of Cd, Pb, and Hg in farmed sea bass marketed in Sicily (Southern Italy) were also assessed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) to have screening data for the comparison with literature results. In any case, the results obtained by meta-analysis and by screening were lower than the pre-established legal limits for each metal. The meta-analysis results showed very low levels of Cd (0.031 μg g–1 w.w.), Pb (0.110 μg g–1 w.w.), and Hg (0.023 μg g–1 w.w.). The EWI estimation confirmed safety limits for human health (0.004, 0.015, and 0.003 μg kg–1 for Cd, Pb, and Hg, respectively). Even the THQ demonstrated that farmed sea bass represent a secure food for humans (0.0006, 0.0005, and 0.0048 for Cd, Pb, and Hg, respectively). The comparison with our screening data showed a significant difference only for the Pb levels (p < 0.05). The results obtained were compared with the same indexes relative to other food types (meat, cereals, vegetables, etc.). The EWI and THQ calculated were always lower than same indexes relative to other food types considered.

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Free-range eggs from a very polluted site in central Italy: levels of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-Dioxins/Furans and Polychlorinated Biphenyls and estimated human dietary exposure

Journal of Food Protection ◽

10.4315/jfp-21-126 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Federica Castellani ◽

Lamberto Manzoli ◽

Cecilia Acuti Martellucci ◽

Maria Elena Flacco ◽

Maria Luisa Astolfi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Polychlorinated Biphenyls ◽

Central Italy ◽

Dietary Exposure ◽

Contamination Level ◽

Free Range ◽

Weekly Intake ◽

Tolerable Weekly Intake ◽

Commission Regulation ◽

Contamination Levels ◽

A Site

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the contamination levels of some classes of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in free-range hen eggs and to estimate the related human dietary exposure in a Site of National Interest (SNI), characterized by a serious state of environmental pollution (Bussi sul Tirino area, central Italy). For these purposes, 17 samples of free-range hen eggs collected in home-producing farms located in the SNI territory were analyzed for 17 polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs), 12 dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (dl-PCBs) and 6 non-dioxin-like PCBs (ndl-PCBs). Dietary exposure was assessed assuming a standard consumption of eggs per week. The concentration of ∑PCDD/Fs + dl-PCBs ranged from 0.463 to 8.028 pg TEQ (Toxic Equivalent) g−1 fat, while the mean contamination level of the ∑ndl-PCBs ranged from 0.234 to 7.741 ng TEQ g−1 fat. PCDD/Fs and PCBs contamination levels were lower than maximum values established by the Commission Regulation (EU) 1259/2011, except for one sample. The estimated weekly intake (EWI), calculated in order to evaluate the contribution in terms of the monitored pollutants of the locally produced eggs to the diet, was lower than the tolerable weekly intake (TWI) established by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA).

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