scholarly journals Morphological and morphometric analysis from the heart of Caracara plancus (Carcará)

2014 ◽  
Vol 31 (04) ◽  
pp. 225-227
Author(s):  
R. Miguel ◽  
R. Reinaldo ◽  
K. Fraga ◽  
A. Galvão ◽  
J. Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Left Ventricle ◽  
Right Ventricle ◽  
Muscle Tissue ◽  
Interventricular Septum ◽  
Side Wall ◽  
Lateral Wall ◽  
Longitudinal Axis ◽  
Papillary Muscles ◽  
Atrioventricular Valve ◽  
The Right

Abstract Introduction: Caracara plancus, popularly known as Carcará, is a bird with broad geographic distribution, occurring from the southern United States to Argentina. Owing to importance of the heart during the flight and the lack of studies of this body in caracaras, this research aimed to conduct the description of the morphology and internal and external morphology heart Caracara plancus. Materials and Methods: Using a magnifying glass (TECNIVAL, SQF-F), precision scale and steel caliper, the heart three caracaras were described morphologically, weighed and measured. Results: The weight of hearts averaged 7,246g ± 0,518g. The mean side-to-side axis was 2,196cm ± 0,085cm and 3,366cm ± 0,036cm the longitudinal axis. In the side wall of the right ventricle was obtained the value of 0,185cm ± 0,035cm in the lateral wall of the left ventricle 0,59cm ± 0,014cm and interventricular septum 0,014cm ± 0.52cm. The heart of Carcará has no anterior interventricular groove; however there is the presence of the posterior interventricular sulcus. Internally, the left ventricle was observed, the presence of atrioventricular valves formed by connective tissue 18 tendinous cords, papillary muscles and a bridge crests. In the right ventricle, the atrioventricular valve was formed by muscle tissue and did not submit chordae, papillary muscles, crests or bridge. Conclusion: The heart of Carcará features in its morphology similar to the hearts of other birds and can be checked one right atrioventricular valve constituted by muscle tissue.

scholarly journals Morphometric Indicators of Rat Myocardium under the Action of General Hypothermia

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 31-36
Author(s):  
M. S. Belimenko ◽  
◽  
V. V. Kosharniy ◽  
L. V. Abdul-Ogly ◽  
G. O. Kozlovskaya
Keyword(s):  
Left Ventricle ◽  
Right Ventricle ◽  
Interventricular Septum ◽  
Side Wall ◽  
Posterior Wall ◽  
Longitudinal Section ◽  
Anterior Wall ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
The Right ◽  
Intact Rats

Hypothermia is a situation in which the internal body temperature drops below 35 degrees Celsius. The article presents the relevance, theoretical aspects and features of the action of general hypothermia on the heart in general and cardiomyocytes in particular. The purpose of the study was to study the changes in the myocardium under the action of general hypothermia at different levels of structural organization. The object of the study were the hearts of laboratory adult rats. The study involved 20 animals. The longitudinal section shows that the right ventricle is much thinner than the left and its cavity is presented in the form of a crescent. The interventricular septum is thicker than the wall of the right ventricle and goes into its cavity. Results. To establish the shape of the heart and track the dynamic changes at the organ level, we calculated an index showing the ratio of the width of the heart to its length. In 80% of cases, the heart shape of intact rats was conical, the index averaged 55%, only 20% elliptical, the index was more than 65%. We did not observe other forms of heart in the group of intact rats. In the experimental groups, a spherical heart shape appeared. The thickness of the anterior wall of the left ventricle for 10 days from the beginning of the experiment was 3.15±0.11 mm, the side wall 3.1±0.11 mm, the posterior wall 2.45±0.04 mm, interventricular septum 2.95±0.09 mm. In the right ventricle, the thickness of the anterior wall is 1.04±0.03 mm, the posterior wall is 1.36±0.04 mm. On the 30th day from the beginning of the experiment, the thickness of the anterior wall of the left ventricle was 3.21±0.11 mm, the side wall 2.65±0.06 mm, the posterior wall 3.27±0.09 mm, the interventricular septum 3.14±0.13 mm. In the right ventricle, the thickness of the anterior wall is 1.09±0.04 mm, the posterior wall is 1.38±0.03 mm. Conclusions. The increase in heart mass, change in its shape due to changes in the middle third of the heart wall of both the left and right ventricles. The highest rates were in the middle third of the heart (zone "B"): In all layers of the myocardium there is an increase in the diameter of cardiomyocytes, a decrease in the distance between individual cardiomyocytes and their groups. The distance between adjacent cardiomyocytes in the left ventricle is: in the outer layer 1/8 of the diameter of the cardiomyocyte, between groups of cardiomyocytes 1/4 of the diameter of the cardiomyocyt

Cat heart acetylcholine: structural proof and distribution

1976 ◽  
Vol 231 (3) ◽  
pp. 781-785 ◽  
Author(s):  
OM Brown
Keyword(s):  
Left Ventricle ◽  
Right Ventricle ◽  
Left Atrium ◽  
Right Atrium ◽  
Interventricular Septum ◽  
Pyrolysis Product ◽  
Heart Tissue ◽  
Choline Esters ◽  
The Right ◽  
Cat Heart

The distribution of acetylcholine (ACh) in the cat heart was investigated by a pyrolysis-gas chromatography (PGC) method. The hearts were dissected into various regions and homogenized in acetonitrile in the presence of propionylcholine, internal standard. Following extraction with toluene and hexane, the choline esters were precipitated as the enneaiodide complex. The isolated choline esters were analyzed by PGC, and the peak corresponding to ACh was quantified. The compound extracted from heart tissue that eluted with the retention time of authentic ACh was identified by mass spectrometry as dimethylaminoethylacetate, the pyrolysis product of ACh. ACh concentrations were found to be higher in the atria than the ventricles. In both the atria and the ventricles, a higher content of ACh was found in the right than the left portions: right ventricle, 5.0 compared to left ventricle, 2.0 nmol/g; and right atrium, 16.8 compared to left atrium, 11.3 nmol/g. Some cats were subjected to a bilateral cervical vagotomy 3 wk before removal and analysis of heart tissue. Hearts from vagotomized cats contained less ACh than controls in the right ventricle (-31%), right atrium (-54%), SA node (-42%), and papillary muscle (-53%), but no decreases were found in the left ventricle, left atrium, or interventricular septum.

scholarly journals Heart anatomy of Giraffa camelopardalis rothschildi: a case report

2008 ◽  
Vol 53 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 165-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Perez ◽  
M. Lima ◽  
G. Pedrana ◽  
F. Cirillo
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Left Ventricle ◽  
Left Coronary Artery ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Left Auricle ◽  
Papillary Muscles ◽  
Atrioventricular Valve ◽  
Heart Anatomy ◽  
The Right

In the present study the most outstanding anatomical findings of the heart of a giraffe are described. Two papillary muscles were found in the right ventricle, namely magnus and subarterial. There were no papillary parvi muscles. The supraventricular crest gave insertion to various tendinous chords. These chords fixed the angular cusp of the right atrioventricular valve. The pectinate muscles were better developed in the left auricle than in the right one. Within the left ventricle two big papillary muscles were found as well as a notorious septomarginal trabecula. The left coronary artery irrigated the majority of the heart’s territory. It gave origin to the interventricular paraconal branch and to the circumflex branch. The latter gave off the branch of the left ventricular border and the interventricular subsinosal branch.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF NOCTURNAL INCREASE OF BLOOD PRESSURE ON CARDIAC REMODELING IN PATIENTS WITH ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 65-69
Author(s):  
A. I Miroshnichenko ◽  
K. M Ivanov
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Left Ventricle ◽  
Right Ventricle ◽  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Antihypertensive Therapy ◽  
Cardiac Remodeling ◽  
Interventricular Septum ◽  
Posterior Wall ◽  
The Right ◽  
Group 1

Actuality. Arterial hypertension (AH) is the main risk factor for the development of cardiovascular diseases, disability and cardiovascular mortality. Episodes of blood pressure (BP) increase during the day in patients receiving antihypertensive therapy are an unfavourable factor contributing to the development and progression of cardiac remodeling. Aim. The purpose of the research is to study the features of changes in the structural and functional state of the heart under the influence of high blood pressure at night in patients with arterial hypertension with the dynamic three-year observation. Material and methods. 47 patients with the diagnosis of AH were examined. Patients were divided into two groups, randomized by age, duration and severity of AH. Group 1 included 24 patients who as a result of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) on the background of combined antihypertensive therapy suffered from constantly increased BP at night. The second group combined 23 patients without the increase in BP during the night according to the ABPM with antihypertensive therapy. The examination included measurement of the office BP, ABPM, two-fold echocardiography with a three-year interval. Results. When assessing the indices of office BP in the groups, there were no significant differences, all patients achieved the target values of BP. In patients in Group 1, higher values of BP were observed during the day, according to ABPM. Echocardiography over a three year period of observation revealed a more pronounced increase in diastolic interventricular septum thickness, the thickness of the left ventricle posterior wall during diastole, sizes of left atrium in the patients of the first group, patients of the second group had a more pronounced thickness of the left ventricle posterior wall during systole. The increase in the size of the right ventricle was revealed in both groups. Conclusions. 1) In patients with the increase in blood pressure at night, the values of BP variability were higher during the day. 2) Three-year dynamic observation revealed that the increase in BP at night in patients with hypertension facilitated acceleration of cardiac remodelling and was associated with an increase in the left ventricular posterior wall, interventricular septum thickness, the size of the left atrium, and the size of the right ventricle.

scholarly journals Transthoracic delivery of large devices into the left ventricle through the right ventricle and interventricular septum: preclinical feasibility

2013 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Majdi Halabi ◽  
Kanishka Ratnayaka ◽  
Anthony Z Faranesh ◽  
Michael S Hansen ◽  
Israel M Barbash ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Left Ventricle ◽  
Right Ventricle ◽  
Interventricular Septum ◽  
The Right

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF EFFICACY OF TEMPORARY EPICARDIAL BIVENTRICULAR RESYNCHRONIZATION PACING AFTER CARDIAC SURGERY

2015 ◽  
Vol 174 (5) ◽  
pp. 50-53
Author(s):  
G. G. Khubulava ◽  
A. B. Naumov ◽  
S. P. Marchenko ◽  
V. V. Suvorov ◽  
I. I. Averkin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Surgery ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Bypass ◽  
Left Ventricle ◽  
Right Ventricle ◽  
Side Wall ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Crista Terminalis ◽  
Temporary Pacing ◽  
Epicardial Pacing ◽  
The Right

The temporary pacing is provided as a key principle of maintenance and correction of hemodynamics after weaning the patient from cardiopulmonary bypass. There are conventional algorithms of temporary pacing, but the substantiation of electrode fixation areas is variable. The authors experimentally investigated the efficacy of temporary epicardial pacing in DDD and DDDBV using 18 laboratory animals after cardiac surgery with application of cardiopulmonary bypass. The hemodynamic parameters were compared in given groups. It was noted that in case of temporary epicardial pacing in DDDBV conditions was the best hemodynamic effect. The authors recommended more optimal areas for electrode fixation in temporary pacing: bachmans bunble (closest to the artrial septum), proximal part of the crista terminalis for the right atrium electrodes; the front-side free wall of the right ventricle at the distance of 3-4 cm from the apex of the heart, diaphragmatic surface of the right ventricle proximal to artioventricular groove for the right ventricle electrodes; obtuse margin (side wall of the left ventricle), diaphragmatic surface of the left ventricle proximal to artioventricular groove for the left ventricle electrodes.

scholarly journals Depressed cardiac contractility and its postnatal development in rats after chemical sympathectomy

2008 ◽  
pp. 507-515
Author(s):  
J Švíglerová ◽  
J Kuncová ◽  
L Nalos ◽  
J Slavíková ◽  
M Štengl
Keyword(s):  
Left Ventricle ◽  
Right Ventricle ◽  
Neuropeptide Y ◽  
Postnatal Development ◽  
Cardiac Contractility ◽  
Papillary Muscles ◽  
Chemical Sympathectomy ◽  
Postnatal Maturation ◽  
Time Points ◽  
The Right

The contribution of the sympathetic innervation to the postnatal development of cardiac contractility remains unclear. In this study, the postnatal maturation of cardiac contractility was compared in control rats and rats after chemical sympathectomy. The chemical sympathectomy was induced by administration of 6-hydroxydopamine to newborn rats. At days 20, 40 and 60 of postnatal life, the contractile parameters and concentrations of sympathetic neurotransmitters were measured in both right and left ventricles. In rats with chemical sympathectomy, concentrations of norepinephrine were reduced almost completely in both ventricles at all time points. The contractility of the left ventricle papillary muscles was substantially decreased at all time points. In contrast, the contractility of the right ventricle papillary muscles was decreased only transiently, showing a recovery at day 60 regardless of the permanently decreased concentration of norepinephrine. The concentration of neuropeptide Y, another neurotransmitter present in sympathetic nerves, showed the same developmental trend as contractility: permanent reduction in the left ventricle, transient reduction with a recovery at day 60 in the right ventricle. The data indicate that the sympathetic nervous system plays an important role in the postnatal development of cardiac contractility and neuropeptide Y may contribute to this effect.

Parasympathetic control of the heart. I. An interventriculo-septal ganglion is the major source of the vagal intracardiac innervation of the ventricles

2004 ◽  
Vol 96 (6) ◽  
pp. 2265-2272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tannis A. Johnson ◽  
Alrich L. Gray ◽  
Jean-Marie Lauenstein ◽  
Stephen S. Newton ◽  
V. John Massari
Keyword(s):  
Left Ventricle ◽  
Right Ventricle ◽  
Interventricular Septum ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Anterior Surface ◽  
Ventricular Performance ◽  
Neuronal Marker ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Intracardiac Ganglia ◽  
The Right

The locations, projections, and functions of the intracardiac ganglia are incompletely understood. Immunocytochemical labeling with the general neuronal marker protein gene product 9.5 (PGP 9.5) was used to determine the distribution of intracardiac neurons throughout the cat atria and ventricles. Fluorescence microscopy was used to determine the number of neurons within these ganglia. There are eight regions of the cat heart that contain intracardiac ganglia. The numbers of neurons found within these intracardiac ganglia vary dramatically. The total number of neurons found in the heart (6,274 ± 1,061) is almost evenly divided between the atria and the ventricles. The largest ganglion is found in the interventricular septum (IVS). Retrogradely labeled fluorescent tracer studies indicated that the vagal intracardiac innervation of the anterior surface of the right ventricle originates predominantly in the IVS ganglion. A cranioventricular (CV) ganglion was retrogradely labeled from the anterior surface of the left ventricle but not from the anterior surface of the right ventricle. These new neuroanatomic data support the prior physiological hypothesis that the CV ganglion in the cat exerts a negative inotropic effect on the left ventricle. A total of three separate intracardiac ganglia innervate the left ventricle, i.e., the CV, IVS, and a second left ventricular (LV2) ganglion. However, the IVS ganglion provides the major source of innervation to both the left and right ventricles. This dual innervation pattern may help to coordinate or segregate vagal effects on left and right ventricular performance.

Regional variation in pericardial contact pressure in the canine ventricle

1988 ◽  
Vol 255 (6) ◽  
pp. H1370-H1377 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. D. Hoit ◽  
W. Y. Lew ◽  
M. LeWinter
Keyword(s):  
Left Ventricle ◽  
Right Ventricle ◽  
Contact Pressure ◽  
Regional Variation ◽  
Left Atrial ◽  
Regional Distribution ◽  
Lateral Wall ◽  
Cardiac Volume ◽  
Pericardial Pressure ◽  
The Right

We studied eight open-chest dogs to determine whether there is regional variation in pericardial contact pressure (PCP). Flat, air-filled balloons were used to measure PCP simultaneously over the lateral walls of the right and left ventricles while cardiac volume was varied by dextran infusion. End-diastolic and mean PCP were significantly higher over the left than right ventricle at high (20.3 +/- 1.0 mmHg) and middle levels (13.7 +/- 0.9 mmHg) of left atrial pressure. At high left atrial pressures, the end-diastolic PCP over the lateral left ventricle was 9.1 +/- 2.4 mmHg compared with 4.3 +/- 2.3 mmHg over the lateral right ventricle (P less than 0.05). At middle levels of left atrial pressures, end-diastolic PCP was 6.2 +/- 3.5 mmHg over the left ventricle and 1.5 +/- 2.4 mmHg over the right ventricle (P less than 0.05). These variations in PCP persisted after severing the pericardial diaphragmatic attachments and after turning the dogs such that one or the other balloon was dependent. Regional distribution of PCP was studied by positioning a single balloon sequentially at multiple ventricular sites. PCP was consistently higher over the lateral wall of the left ventricle than either the anterior or posterior walls of the right or left ventricle. After aortic occlusion, end-diastolic PCP increased more over the left than right ventricle. In contrast, with pulmonary artery occlusion, end-diastolic PCP increased more over the right than left ventricle. Pericardial pressure varies regionally, and a single pericardial pressure may be an oversimplification when used to describe pericardial restraint on the cardiac volume.

scholarly journals Comparative Study Between the Papillary Muscles of the Right Ventricle and the Left Ventricle Papillary Muscles

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-81
Author(s):  
Tobă Marius ◽  
Iliescu Dan Marcel ◽  
Bordei Petru ◽  
Popescu-Chiriloaie Cristina ◽  
Gheorghiţescu Jancă Ruxandra
Keyword(s):  
Left Ventricle ◽  
Right Ventricle ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Upper Extremity ◽  
Papillary Muscle ◽  
Muscle Group ◽  
Ventricular Wall ◽  
Papillary Muscles ◽  
Chordae Tendineae ◽  
The Right

Abstract We used formalinized heart dissection obtained from forensic laboratory in Constanta, analyzing the papillary muscles and their tendon chordae. We studied at the papillary muscles the number of forms that could be in single or multiple muscular bodies, encountering more than five body muscles in a papillary muscle group. We measured using caliper graduated in millimeters, the height of each papillary muscle body (from the base to its upper end) and its thickness at the base and at its upper extremity. Chordae tendon we examined in terms of their origin and number at the level of each papillary muscle, the dimensions (length and thickness), orientation and how they end at the atrioventricular valves. We noted the presence of „false”chordae tendineae, which were disposed between the papillary muscle and the ventricular wall. The results were compared with data in the literature that I had the opportunity to consult

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