Regional variation in pericardial contact pressure in the canine ventricle

1988 ◽  
Vol 255 (6) ◽  
pp. H1370-H1377 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. D. Hoit ◽  
W. Y. Lew ◽  
M. LeWinter
Keyword(s):  
Left Ventricle ◽  
Right Ventricle ◽  
Contact Pressure ◽  
Regional Variation ◽  
Left Atrial ◽  
Regional Distribution ◽  
Lateral Wall ◽  
Cardiac Volume ◽  
Pericardial Pressure ◽  
The Right

We studied eight open-chest dogs to determine whether there is regional variation in pericardial contact pressure (PCP). Flat, air-filled balloons were used to measure PCP simultaneously over the lateral walls of the right and left ventricles while cardiac volume was varied by dextran infusion. End-diastolic and mean PCP were significantly higher over the left than right ventricle at high (20.3 +/- 1.0 mmHg) and middle levels (13.7 +/- 0.9 mmHg) of left atrial pressure. At high left atrial pressures, the end-diastolic PCP over the lateral left ventricle was 9.1 +/- 2.4 mmHg compared with 4.3 +/- 2.3 mmHg over the lateral right ventricle (P less than 0.05). At middle levels of left atrial pressures, end-diastolic PCP was 6.2 +/- 3.5 mmHg over the left ventricle and 1.5 +/- 2.4 mmHg over the right ventricle (P less than 0.05). These variations in PCP persisted after severing the pericardial diaphragmatic attachments and after turning the dogs such that one or the other balloon was dependent. Regional distribution of PCP was studied by positioning a single balloon sequentially at multiple ventricular sites. PCP was consistently higher over the lateral wall of the left ventricle than either the anterior or posterior walls of the right or left ventricle. After aortic occlusion, end-diastolic PCP increased more over the left than right ventricle. In contrast, with pulmonary artery occlusion, end-diastolic PCP increased more over the right than left ventricle. Pericardial pressure varies regionally, and a single pericardial pressure may be an oversimplification when used to describe pericardial restraint on the cardiac volume.

Effect of hypoxemia and hypercapnia on regional distribution of myocardial blood flow

1965 ◽  
Vol 208 (6) ◽  
pp. 1211-1216 ◽  
Author(s):  
William D. Love ◽  
Myra D. Tyler
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Left Ventricle ◽  
Right Ventricle ◽  
Coronary Blood Flow ◽  
Regional Distribution ◽  
Fick Principle ◽  
The Right ◽  
Isotope Content ◽  
Coronary Sinus Blood ◽  
Normal Difference

The effect of hypoxia and hypercapnia on regional coronary blood flow and vascular resistance (CVR) was studied in dogs without thoracotomy. Gas tensions were varied by ventilation at controlled rates with gas mixtures containing 4–100% O2 and 0–24% CO2. After 10 min intravenous infusion of Rb86, the animals were killed and the heart isotope content determined. Blood flow to the left ventricle was calculated by the Fick principle from the isotope uptake and the mean difference in radioactivity of arterial and coronary sinus blood. Patterns of flow elsewhere were estimated from the rates of regional Rb86 clearance. Myocardial Rb86 clearance in the right and left ventricles has been previously shown to be closely related to the rate of coronary blood flow. Hypoxemia and severe hypercapnia (pCO2 above 100 mm Hg) both produced a profound fall in CVR. With hypoxemia this decrease was more marked in the right ventricle. Elevation of pCO2 exaggerated the normal difference in Rb86 uptake between inner and outer thirds of the wall of the left ventricle, while hypoxemia reversed the normal gradients. Hypercapnia did not affect these gradients in the right ventricle, but hypoxemia significantly reduced them.

scholarly journals Morphological and morphometric analysis from the heart of Caracara plancus (Carcará)

2014 ◽  
Vol 31 (04) ◽  
pp. 225-227
Author(s):  
R. Miguel ◽  
R. Reinaldo ◽  
K. Fraga ◽  
A. Galvão ◽  
J. Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Left Ventricle ◽  
Right Ventricle ◽  
Muscle Tissue ◽  
Interventricular Septum ◽  
Side Wall ◽  
Lateral Wall ◽  
Longitudinal Axis ◽  
Papillary Muscles ◽  
Atrioventricular Valve ◽  
The Right

Abstract Introduction: Caracara plancus, popularly known as Carcará, is a bird with broad geographic distribution, occurring from the southern United States to Argentina. Owing to importance of the heart during the flight and the lack of studies of this body in caracaras, this research aimed to conduct the description of the morphology and internal and external morphology heart Caracara plancus. Materials and Methods: Using a magnifying glass (TECNIVAL, SQF-F), precision scale and steel caliper, the heart three caracaras were described morphologically, weighed and measured. Results: The weight of hearts averaged 7,246g ± 0,518g. The mean side-to-side axis was 2,196cm ± 0,085cm and 3,366cm ± 0,036cm the longitudinal axis. In the side wall of the right ventricle was obtained the value of 0,185cm ± 0,035cm in the lateral wall of the left ventricle 0,59cm ± 0,014cm and interventricular septum 0,014cm ± 0.52cm. The heart of Carcará has no anterior interventricular groove; however there is the presence of the posterior interventricular sulcus. Internally, the left ventricle was observed, the presence of atrioventricular valves formed by connective tissue 18 tendinous cords, papillary muscles and a bridge crests. In the right ventricle, the atrioventricular valve was formed by muscle tissue and did not submit chordae, papillary muscles, crests or bridge. Conclusion: The heart of Carcará features in its morphology similar to the hearts of other birds and can be checked one right atrioventricular valve constituted by muscle tissue.

Regulation of K+ and Ca2+ channels in experimental cardiac failure

1991 ◽  
Vol 261 (6) ◽  
pp. H1979-H1987 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Gopalakrishnan ◽  
D. J. Triggle ◽  
A. Rutledge ◽  
Y. W. Kwon ◽  
J. A. Bauer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Left Ventricle ◽  
Right Ventricle ◽  
Cardiac Failure ◽  
Radioligand Binding ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Coronary Artery Ligation ◽  
Artery Ligation ◽  
The Right

To examine the status of ATP-sensitive K+ (K+ATP) channels and 1,4-dihydropyridine-sensitive Ca2+ (Ca2+DHP) channels during experimental cardiac failure, we have measured the radioligand binding properties of [3H]glyburide and [3H]PN 200 110, respectively, in tissue homogenates from the rat cardiac left ventricle, right ventricle, and brain 4 wk after myocardial infarction induced by left coronary artery ligation. The maximal values (Bmax) for [3H]glyburide and [3H]PN 200 110 binding were reduced by 39 and 40%, respectively, in the left ventricle, and these reductions showed a good correlation with the right ventricle-to-body weight ratio in heart-failure rats. The ligand binding affinities were not altered. In the hypertrophied right ventricle, Bmax values for both the ligands were not significantly different when data were normalized to DNA content or right ventricle weights but showed an apparent reduction when normalized to unit protein or tissue weight. Moderate reductions in channel densities were observed also in whole brain homogenates from heart failure rats. Assessment of muscarinic receptors, beta-adrenoceptors and alpha 1-adrenoceptors by [3H]quinuclidinyl benzilate, [3H]dihydroalprenolol, and [3H]prazosin showed reductions in left ventricular muscarinic and beta-adrenoceptor densities but not in alpha 1-adrenoceptor densities, consistent with earlier observations. It is suggested that these changes may in part contribute to the pathology of cardiac failure.

Ventricular systolic interdependence: volume elastance model in isolated canine hearts

1987 ◽  
Vol 253 (6) ◽  
pp. H1381-H1390 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. L. Maughan ◽  
K. Sunagawa ◽  
K. Sagawa
Keyword(s):  
Left Ventricle ◽  
Right Ventricle ◽  
Cross Talk ◽  
Systolic Pressure ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Ventricular Free Wall ◽  
Free Wall ◽  
Right Ventricular Free Wall ◽  
Systolic Volume ◽  
The Right

To analyze the interaction between the right and left ventricle, we developed a model that consists of three functional elastic compartments (left ventricular free wall, septal, and right ventricular free wall compartments). Using 10 isolated blood-perfused canine hearts, we determined the end-systolic volume elastance of each of these three compartments. The functional septum was by far stiffer for either direction [47.2 +/- 7.2 (SE) mmHg/ml when pushed from left ventricle and 44.6 +/- 6.8 when pushed from right ventricle] than ventricular free walls [6.8 +/- 0.9 mmHg/ml for left ventricle and 2.9 +/- 0.2 for right ventricle]. The model prediction that right-to-left ventricular interaction (GRL) would be about twice as large as left-to-right interaction (GLR) was tested by direct measurement of changes in isovolumic peak pressure in one ventricle while the systolic pressure of the contralateral ventricle was varied. GRL thus measured was about twice GLR (0.146 +/- 0.003 vs. 0.08 +/- 0.001). In a separate protocol the end-systolic pressure-volume relationship (ESPVR) of each ventricle was measured while the contralateral ventricle was alternatively empty and while systolic pressure was maintained at a fixed value. The cross-talk gain was derived by dividing the amount of upward shift of the ESPVR by the systolic pressure difference in the other ventricle. Again GRL measured about twice GLR (0.126 +/- 0.002 vs. 0.065 +/- 0.008). There was no statistical difference between the gains determined by each of the three methods (predicted from the compartment elastances, measured directly, or calculated from shifts in the ESPVR). We conclude that systolic cross-talk gain was twice as large from right to left as from left to right and that the three-compartment volume elastance model is a powerful concept in interpreting ventricular cross talk.

Failure of Cellularization of Ventriculotomy Patch Leading to Right Ventricular Pseudoaneurysm

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-126
Author(s):  
Sruti Rao ◽  
Robert D. Stewart ◽  
Gosta Pettersson ◽  
Carmela Tan ◽  
Suzanne Golz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Left Ventricle ◽  
Ventricular Septal Defect ◽  
Right Ventricle ◽  
Right Ventricular ◽  
Septal Defect ◽  
Tricuspid Atresia ◽  
Outflow Obstruction ◽  
Ventricular Outflow Obstruction ◽  
The Right ◽  
Double Inlet Left Ventricle

Enlargement of the bulboventricular foramen (BVF) in double-inlet left ventricle or the ventricular septal defect (VSD) in tricuspid atresia with transposition of the great arteries is one approach for prevention or treatment of systemic ventricular outflow obstruction. Most often, BVF/VSD restriction is bypassed preemptively or addressed directly at the time of Glenn/Fontan procedures as part of staged univentricular palliation. We describe a patient who underwent enlargement of a restrictive VSD during Fontan completion and subsequently presented with an asymptomatic pseudoaneurysm of the right ventricle at the ventriculotomy site.

Cat heart acetylcholine: structural proof and distribution

1976 ◽  
Vol 231 (3) ◽  
pp. 781-785 ◽  
Author(s):  
OM Brown
Keyword(s):  
Left Ventricle ◽  
Right Ventricle ◽  
Left Atrium ◽  
Right Atrium ◽  
Interventricular Septum ◽  
Pyrolysis Product ◽  
Heart Tissue ◽  
Choline Esters ◽  
The Right ◽  
Cat Heart

The distribution of acetylcholine (ACh) in the cat heart was investigated by a pyrolysis-gas chromatography (PGC) method. The hearts were dissected into various regions and homogenized in acetonitrile in the presence of propionylcholine, internal standard. Following extraction with toluene and hexane, the choline esters were precipitated as the enneaiodide complex. The isolated choline esters were analyzed by PGC, and the peak corresponding to ACh was quantified. The compound extracted from heart tissue that eluted with the retention time of authentic ACh was identified by mass spectrometry as dimethylaminoethylacetate, the pyrolysis product of ACh. ACh concentrations were found to be higher in the atria than the ventricles. In both the atria and the ventricles, a higher content of ACh was found in the right than the left portions: right ventricle, 5.0 compared to left ventricle, 2.0 nmol/g; and right atrium, 16.8 compared to left atrium, 11.3 nmol/g. Some cats were subjected to a bilateral cervical vagotomy 3 wk before removal and analysis of heart tissue. Hearts from vagotomized cats contained less ACh than controls in the right ventricle (-31%), right atrium (-54%), SA node (-42%), and papillary muscle (-53%), but no decreases were found in the left ventricle, left atrium, or interventricular septum.

scholarly journals Early alterations in myocardia and vessels of the diabetic rat heart: an FTIR microspectroscopic study

2006 ◽  
Vol 397 (3) ◽  
pp. 427-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neslihan Toyran ◽  
Peter Lasch ◽  
Dieter Naumann ◽  
Belma Turan ◽  
Feride Severcan
Keyword(s):  
Left Ventricle ◽  
Right Ventricle ◽  
Rat Heart ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
Diabetic Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Type I ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The Right ◽  
Left Ventricle Myocardium

Diabetes mellitus is associated with a high incidence and poor prognosis of cardiovascular disease. The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of relatively short-term (5 weeks) Type I diabetes on the left ventricle, the right ventricle and the vessel (vein) on the left ventricle of the myocardium at molecular level by FTIR (Fourier-transform infrared) microspectroscopy. The rats were categorized into two groups: control group (for the left ventricle myocardium, n=8; for the right ventricle myocardium, n=9; for the vein, n=9) and streptozotocin-induced diabetic group (for the left ventricle myocardium, n=7; for the right ventricle myocardium, n=9; for the vein, n=8). Two adjacent cross-sections of 9 μm thickness were taken from the ventricles of the hearts in two groups of rats by using a cryotome. The first sections were used for FTIR microspectroscopy measurements. The second serial sections were stained by haematoxylin/eosin for comparative purposes. Diabetes caused an increase in the content of lipids, an alteration in protein profile with a decrease in α-helix and an increase in β-sheet structure as well as an increase in glycogen and glycolipid contents in both ventricles and the vein. Additionally, the collagen content was found to be increased in the vein of the diabetic group. The present study demonstrated that diabetes-induced alterations in the rat heart can be detected by correlating the IR spectral changes with biochemical profiles in detail. The present study for the first time demonstrated the diabetes-induced alterations at molecular level in both ventricle myocardia and the veins in relatively short-term diabetes.

Does the right ventricle experiment morphologic and functional changes similarly to the left ventricle during pregnancy?

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 850-857
Author(s):  
Susana Prado Díaz ◽  
María Calle ◽  
Silvia C. Valbuena‐López ◽  
Nieves Montoro López ◽  
Pablo Merás Colunga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Left Ventricle ◽  
Right Ventricle ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
The Right

scholarly journals Myosin types and fiber types in cardiac muscle. I. Ventricular myocardium.

1981 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 226-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Sartore ◽  
L Gorza ◽  
S Pierobon Bormioli ◽  
L Dalla Libera ◽  
S Schiaffino
Keyword(s):  
Left Ventricle ◽  
Right Ventricle ◽  
Cardiac Muscle ◽  
Muscle Fibers ◽  
Ventricular Myocardium ◽  
Rabbit Heart ◽  
Fiber Types ◽  
Ventricular Muscle ◽  
The Right ◽  
Atrial Myosin

Antisera against bovine atrial myosin were raised in rabbits, purified by affinity chromatography, and absorbed with insolubilized ventricular myosin. Specific anti-bovine atrial myosin (anti-bAm) antibodies reacted selectively with atrial myosin heavy chains, as determined by enzyme immunoassay combined with SDS-gel electrophoresis. In direct and indirect immunofluorescence assay, anti-bAm was found to stain all atrial muscle fibers and a minor proportion of ventricular muscle fibers in the right ventricle of the bovine heart. In contrast, almost all muscle fibers in the left ventricle were unreactive. Purkinje fibers showed variable reactivity. In the rabbit heart, all atrial muscle fibers were stained by anti-bAm, whereas ventricular fibers showed a variable response in both the right and left ventricle, with a tendency for reactive fibers to be more numerous in the right ventricle and in subepicardial regions. Diversification of fiber types with respect to anti-bAm reactivity was found to occur during late stages of postnatal development in the rabbit heart and to be influenced by thyroid hormone. All ventricular muscle fibers became strongly reactive after thyroxine treatment, whereas they became unreactive or poorly reactive after propylthiouracil treatment. These findings are consistent with the existence of different ventricular isomyosins whose relative proportions can vary according to the thyroid state. Variations in ventricular isomyosin composition can account for the changes in myosin Ca2+-activated ATPase activity previously observed in cardiac muscle from hyper- and hypothyroid animals and may be responsible for the changes in the velocity of contraction of ventricular myocardium that occur under these conditions. The differential distribution of ventricular isomyosins in the normal heart suggests that fiber types with different contractile properties may coexist in the ventricular myocardium.

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