MATTHIAS FINGER 1991 “The Military, the Nation State and the

2003 ◽  
pp. 237-244
Keyword(s):  
Nation State ◽  
The Military

scholarly journals Reserve Forces and the Privatization of the Military by the Nation State

2018 ◽  
pp. 107-136
Author(s):  
K. Neil Jenkings ◽  
Antonia Dawes ◽  
Timothy Edmunds ◽  
Paul Higate ◽  
Rachel Woodward
Keyword(s):  
Nation State ◽  
The Military

scholarly journals Sources of Nepali Army’s military effectiveness during the Anglo-Nepal War

Unity Journal ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 114-119
Author(s):  
Phanindra Subba
Keyword(s):  
South Asia ◽  
Effective Resistance ◽  
Military Power ◽  
Nation State ◽  
Military Effectiveness ◽  
Sovereign State ◽  
Institutional Stability ◽  
Political Resources ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Military

Military effectiveness is the process by which the military converts available material and political resources into military power. The organizational revolution that took place in Europe during the period, 1500- 1700, multiplied the military effectiveness of the European states. This paper, however, aims to assess the military effectiveness of the Nepalese Army during the Anglo- Nepal War, 1814-16, in the context of the failure of many of the armies of South Asia to mount an effective resistance against the colonial onslaught. Further, it explores the sources of the Nepali Army’s effectiveness in performance rooted in Prithvi Narayan Shah’s national army in its formative phase. His concept of the nation-state, the creation of a permanent army and his policy of not limiting recruitment and promotions to the natives of Gorkha laid the foundation for a loyal, competent multi–ethnic army. Moreover, this paper states that the institutional stability provided by his successors during a period of political turbulence spared the army time to consolidate and pass its institutional memory to the following generation. War is a brutal business, and the military effectiveness of armies is tested in the battlefield in which weaknesses are severely punished after their exposures. Strong states fight to win, the weak to survive. The paper concludes that the Nepali Army proved its military effectiveness during the Anglo-Nepal War by ensuring Nepal’s continued survival as an independent, sovereign state ever.

scholarly journals Toward a Theory of Pernicious Polarization and How It Harms Democracies: Comparative Evidence and Possible Remedies

2018 ◽  
Vol 681 (1) ◽  
pp. 234-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer McCoy ◽  
Murat Somer
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Elites ◽  
Nation State ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Political Entrepreneurs ◽  
The Military ◽  
Eleven Case ◽  
Relative Capacity

This article compares the dynamics of polarization in the eleven case studies analyzed in this special issue to draw conclusions about antecedents of severe political and societal polarization, the characteristics and mechanisms of such polarization, and consequences of severe polarization for democracy. We find that the emergence of pernicious polarization (when a society is split into mutually distrustful “Us vs. Them” camps) is not attributable to any specific underlying social or political cleavage nor any particular institutional make-up. Instead, pernicious polarization arises when political entrepreneurs pursue their political objectives by using polarizing strategies, such as mobilizing voters with divisive, demonizing discourse and exploiting existing grievances, and opposing political elites then reciprocate with similarly polarizing tactics or fail to develop effective nonpolarizing responses. We explain how the political construction of polarization around “formative rifts” (social or political rifts that arise during the fundamental formation/reformation of a nation-state), the relative capacity of opposing political blocs to mobilize voters versus relying on mechanisms such as courts or the military to constrain the executive, and the strategic and ideological aims of the polarizing actors contribute to the emergence of its pernicious form. We analyze the consequences for democracy and conclude with reflections on how to combat pernicious polarization.

Schools of Citizenship

2018 ◽  
pp. 64-86
Author(s):  
Erik Mathisen
Keyword(s):  
Military Service ◽  
Nation State ◽  
Confederate States Of America ◽  
A Site ◽  
The Military

Conceived in war, the Confederate States of America was a nation-state built around its military. As this chapter argues, military service quickly became fused with ideas about Confederate citizenship, and the military became a site where faith in the national cause melded effortlessly with religion and where white southern men were schooled in how to become soldiers and citizens, all at once.

scholarly journals From Military State to Welfare State

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus Petersen ◽  
Nils Arne Sørensen
Keyword(s):  
Welfare State ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
Nation State ◽  
Small State ◽  
Security Strategy ◽  
Homogeneous Population ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Voice ◽  
The Welfare State

Compared to most other countries, Denmark was only marginally affected by the two world wars. However, this does not mean that war had no impact on the historical development of the Danish welfare state. First, the formation of the nation state is directly linked to war and military defeats. As a result, Denmark gradually went from being a medium-sized European power to a small nation state with a very homogeneous population. Second, being a small state, the overall Danish security strategy was a passive one from 1870 to the end of the Cold War with a focus on domestic issues. The welfare state is part of this story. Third, as a consequence of this, the voice of the military was marginalized in politics and almost completely absent in debates on social issues. Still, war was a reality and both world wars affected the Danish social security system in various ways.

scholarly journals Meşrutiyet Döneminde Asker-Vatandaş Yetiştirme Anlayışı Çerçevesinde Paramiliter Gençlik Örgütleri / Paramilitary Youth Organizations within the Framework of Training Citizen-Militia Conception in the Second Constitutional Period

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 502
Author(s):  
Nurhayat Çelebi ◽  
Hatice Tezer Asan ◽  
Engin Asan
Keyword(s):  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Document Analysis ◽  
Educational Programs ◽  
Nation State ◽  
Youth Organizations ◽  
Military Regimes ◽  
Second Constitutional Period ◽  
The Military

<p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p>In this study, the struggle against paramilitary organizations and associations founded during the Second Constitutional period when the conception of nation-state and the concept of citizen-militia gained momentum in European states has been scrutinized. The research is a qualitative study based on a document analysis. After the traumas of wars in the Ottoman Empire, which entered the process of rapidly losing the lands spreading over three continents, the education mentality has been re-examined within the framework of citizenship conception. In addition to these inquiries and innovations, which began especially in the military area, they also manifested themselves with educational programs and schools centered on military regimes. This paradigm shift, which accelerated especially with the 18th century, soldier-son themed citizen perception and the current dominant patriarchal moral shave had reflections on education mentality and practice of social structure organized by the state and they turned into bringing up sons as warriors, power-owners and citizens ready to sacrifice for their motherland.</p><p><strong>Öz</strong></p><p>Bu çalışmada, Ulus-devlet anlayışının ivme kazandığı Avrupa devletlerinde vatandaş-asker anlayışı ve uygulamasının ön plana geçtiği II. Meşrutiyet yıllarında açılan paramiliter örgüt ve derneklere ilişkin çabalar mercek altına alınmıştır. Araştırma doküman incelemesine dayalı nitel bir çalışmadır. Üç kıtaya yayılan topraklarını hızla kaybetme sürecine giren Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’nda yaşanan savaş travmalarından sonra vatandaş kavramı çerçevesinde eğitim anlayışı yeniden gözen geçirilmiştir. Özellikle askeri alanda başlayan bu sorgulamalar ve yenilik arayışlarının yanı sıra, yine askeri düzenlemeleri merkeze alan eğitim programları ve okulları ile kendini açıkça belli etmiştir.  Özellikle 18. Yüzyılla birlikte hız kazanan bu paradigma değişimi, asker-evlat ana temalı vatandaş algısı ile halihazırda baskın ataerkil değerler, sosyal yapının bu kez devlet eliyle organize edilen eğitim anlayışı ve uygulamalarına yansımış; “savaşçı, erk sahibi, vatana kendini feda etmeye hazır” –özellikle erkek- evlatların yetiştirilmesine dönüşmüştür.</p>

It Is Your Business to Rise Up and Preserve the Union

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen D. Engle
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Political Culture ◽  
Nation State ◽  
White House ◽  
The Military ◽  
Cooperative Federalism ◽  
The Way

This chapter presents an overview of Lincoln’s journey to the White House, and the governors he met along the way. In addition to introducing the main themes, the chapter also advances the cooperative federalism aspects of Civil War governance and the diffusion of the northern political culture. It sets the stage for nation-state relationship that Lincoln will use to develop armies and establish policies aimed at winning the military contest and establishing reunion.

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