Continuities and Discontinuities in Early Human Memory Paradigms, Processes, and Performance

2013 ◽  
pp. 256-287
Keyword(s):  
Human Memory ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Early Human

scholarly journals Interactions Between Forms of Memory: When Priming Hinders New Episodic Learning

2000 ◽  
Vol 12 (supplement 2) ◽  
pp. 52-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony D. Wagner ◽  
Anat Maril ◽  
Daniel L. Schacter
Keyword(s):  
Explicit Memory ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Human Memory ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Priming Effects ◽  
Lag Effects ◽  
Episodic Encoding ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Past Experiences

Human memory consists of multiple forms, including priming and explicit memory. Although considerable evidence indicates that priming and explicit memory are functionally and neuroanatomically distinct, little is know about when and how these different forms of memory interact. Here, behavioral and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) methods were used to examine a novel and counterintuitive hypothesis: Priming during episodic encoding may be negatively associated with subsequent explicit memory. Using an experimental design that exploited known properties of spacing or lag effects, the magnitudes of behavioral and neural priming during a second study episode were varied and the relation between these magnitudes of priming during re-encoding and performance on a subsequent explicit memory test was examined. Results revealed that greater behavioral priming (reduced reaction times) and neural priming (reduced left inferior prefrontal brain activation) during re-encoding were associated with lower levels of subsequent explicit memory. Moreover, those subjects who demonstrated greater behavioral and neural priming effects during re-encoding following a long lag tended to demonstrate the least benefit in subsequent explicit memory due to this second study episode. These findings suggest that priming for past experiences can hinder new episodic encoding.

scholarly journals The Urban Beautician: a practice of transferring ephemeral interventions in the public space via media into a work of art

Lumina ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 60-81
Author(s):  
Elke Reinhuber
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Video Recording ◽  
Human Memory ◽  
Artistic Practice ◽  
Actual Performance ◽  
The Public ◽  
Theatrical Performances ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Immediate Experience ◽  
Alter Ego

In this artistic research, I argue that a range of artistic practices is capable of addressing relevant issues in our material, specifically our urban, environment. In particular, conceptual interventions or non-theatrical performances, which are in most cases mundane everyday activities that require transformation through media to be understood as art. Yet, as human memory is susceptible, media is also required to provide proof of the action for archives or exhibitions, or simply as a memento of the artwork itself. Lens-based media, such as photography and video-recording, are in most cases the ideal form of documentation and distribution, while the actual performance is transferred to another genre of artistic practice and dissociated from the immediate experience of the moment.This paper introduces the enduring work of the author’s alter ego, The Urban Beautician, and defines her actions and documentation of this work within the framework of the conceptual and performance art scene. An assiduous assessment of her artistic ancestry is given and a catalogue of her endeavours, categorised by diverse subjects, arranged to isolate the themes and to connect the topics.

Learning and Remembering Musical Works

2021 ◽  
pp. 95-115
Author(s):  
Robert H. Woody
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Psychology ◽  
Deliberate Practice ◽  
Human Memory ◽  
Sheet Music ◽  
Performance Skills ◽  
Music Making ◽  
Musical Works ◽  
Information Processing Perspective ◽  
Common Learning ◽  
And Performance

Learning pre-existing pieces of music is a very common learning goal, both among vernacular musicians, who learn from recordings, and among those who are formally educated and work from published sheet music provided by a teacher. Whether learning a piece by ear or from notation, the processes of memory involved are very similar. Because the learning of musical works is often a precursor to additional kinds of music making and performance skills, it is important for musicians to understand how human memory works. This chapter explains the processes involved in learning and remembering pieces of music. It describes the various stages and components of memory from the information processing perspective that is common in cognitive psychology. More specifically, the chapter explains how ear musicianship is foundational to other performance skills, including those that use notation. It also shows that the ability to learn and remember musical works can be improved through experience and deliberate practice.

scholarly journals Periprocedural safety of aneurysm embolization with the Medina Coil System: the early human experience

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 168-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aquilla S Turk ◽  
Orlando Maia ◽  
Christian Candido Ferreira ◽  
Diogo Freitas ◽  
J Mocco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Human Experience ◽  
Core Wire ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Long Term Outcomes ◽  
Coil System ◽  
Aneurysm Embolization ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Early Human

IntroductionIntracranial saccular aneurysms, if untreated, carry a high risk of morbidity and mortality from intracranial bleeding. Embolization coils are the most common treatment. We describe the periprocedural safety and performance of the initial human experience with the next generation Medina Coil System.MethodsThe Medina Coil System is a layered three-dimensional coil made from a radiopaque, shape set core wire, and shape memory alloy outer coil filaments. Nine aneurysms in five patients were selected for treatment with the Medina Coil System.ResultsNine aneurysms in five patients, ranging from 5 to 17 mm in size in various locations, were treated with the Medina Coil System. No procedural or periprocedural complications were encountered. Procedure times, number of coils used to treat the aneurysm, and use of adjunctive devices were much less than anticipated if conventional coil technology had been used.ConclusionsThe Medina Coil System is a next generation coil that combines all of the familiar and expected procedural safety and technique concepts associated with conventional coils. We found improved circumferential aneurysm filling, which may lead to improved long term outcomes, with fewer devices and faster operating times.

Transmission Scanning Electron Microscopy and Energy Analysis with the Siemens ELMISKOP 101

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 450-451
Author(s):  
H. M. Thieringer
Keyword(s):  
Objective Lens ◽  
Transmission Microscopy ◽  
Image Recording ◽  
Mode Of Operation ◽  
Scanning Transmission ◽  
Electron Microscopes ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Convergent Beam ◽  
Ray Path ◽  
Beam Diffraction

It has repeatedly been show that with conventional electron microscopes very fine electron probes can be produced, therefore allowing various micro-techniques such as micro recording, X-ray microanalysis and convergent beam diffraction. In this paper the function and performance of an SIEMENS ELMISKOP 101 used as a scanning transmission microscope (STEM) is described. This mode of operation has some advantages over the conventional transmission microscopy (CTEM) especially for the observation of thick specimen, in spite of somewhat longer image recording times.Fig.1 shows schematically the ray path and the additional electronics of an ELMISKOP 101 working as a STEM. With a point-cathode, and using condensor I and the objective lens as a demagnifying system, an electron probe with a half-width ob about 25 Å and a typical current of 5.10-11 amp at 100 kV can be obtained in the back focal plane of the objective lens.

Angular Resolved Electron Spectroscopy with Parallel Recording

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 370-371
Author(s):  
Huang Min ◽  
P.S. Flora ◽  
C.J. Harland ◽  
J.A. Venables
Keyword(s):  
Electron Spectroscopy ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Solid Angle ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Voltage Electron ◽  
Cylindrical Mirror ◽  
Inner Radius ◽  
Channel Plate ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Type Detector

A cylindrical mirror analyser (CMA) has been built with a parallel recording detection system. It is being used for angular resolved electron spectroscopy (ARES) within a SEM. The CMA has been optimised for imaging applications; the inner cylinder contains a magnetically focused and scanned, 30kV, SEM electron-optical column. The CMA has a large inner radius (50.8mm) and a large collection solid angle (Ω > 1sterad). An energy resolution (ΔE/E) of 1-2% has been achieved. The design and performance of the combination SEM/CMA instrument has been described previously and the CMA and detector system has been used for low voltage electron spectroscopy. Here we discuss the use of the CMA for ARES and present some preliminary results.The CMA has been designed for an axis-to-ring focus and uses an annular type detector. This detector consists of a channel-plate/YAG/mirror assembly which is optically coupled to either a photomultiplier for spectroscopy or a TV camera for parallel detection.

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