The Principle of the Common Cause, the Causal Markov Condition, and Quantum Mechanics: Comments on Cartwright

2008 ◽  
pp. 254-273
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Markov Condition ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
The Common ◽  
Causal Markov Condition

scholarly journals On the meaning of EPR’s Reality Criterion

Synthese ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Márton Gömöri ◽  
Gábor Hofer-Szabó
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Copenhagen Interpretation ◽  
Essential Difference ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Analytic Truth ◽  
Interpretations Of Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Epr Argument ◽  
The Common ◽  
Special Case

AbstractThis essay has two main claims about EPR’s Reality Criterion. First, we claim that the application of the Reality Criterion makes an essential difference between the EPR argument and Einstein’s later arguments against quantum mechanics. We show that while the EPR argument, making use of the Reality Criterion, does derive that certain interpretations of quantum mechanics are incomplete, Einstein’s later arguments, making no use of the Reality Criterion, do not prove incompleteness, but rather point to the inadequacy of the Copenhagen interpretation. We take this fact as an indication that the Reality Criterion is a crucial, indispensable component of the incompleteness argument(s). The second claim is more substantive. We argue that the Reality Criterion is a special case of the Common Cause Principle. Finally, we relate this proposal to Tim Maudlin’s recent assertion that the Reality Criterion is an analytic truth.

scholarly journals Evidence for interactive common causes. Resuming the Cartwright-Hausman-Woodward debate

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul M. Näger
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Causal Model ◽  
Quantum Mechanical ◽  
Markov Condition ◽  
Causal Modelling ◽  
Mechanical Formalism ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
Quantum Mechanical Formalism ◽  
Causal Markov Condition ◽  
Quantum Phenomena

AbstractThe most serious candidates for common causes that fail to screen off (‘interactive common causes’, ICCs) and thus violate the causal Markov condition (CMC) refer to quantum phenomena. In her seminal debate with Hausman and Woodward, Cartwright early on focussed on unfortunate non-quantum examples. Especially, Hausman and Woodward’s redescriptions of quantum cases saving the CMC remain unchallenged. This paper takes up this lose end of the discussion and aims to resolve the debate in favour of Cartwright’s position. It systematically considers redescriptions of ICC structures, including those by Hausman and Woodward, and explains why these are inappropriate, when quantum mechanics (in an objective collapse interpretation) is true. It first shows that all cases of purported quantum ICCs are cases of entanglement and then, using the tools of causal modelling, it provides an analysis of the quantum mechanical formalism for the case that the collapse of entangled systems is best described as a causal model with an ICC.

The Principle of the Common Cause

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabor Hofer-Szabo ◽  
Miklos Redei ◽  
Laszlo E. Szabo
Keyword(s):  
Common Cause ◽  
The Common

scholarly journals Clinical Profile of Acute Poisoning in Children at a Teaching Hospital in Lalitpur

2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajaya Kumar Dhakal ◽  
D Shrestha ◽  
A Shakya ◽  
SC Shah ◽  
H Shakya
Keyword(s):  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Acute Poisoning ◽  
Childhood Mortality ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Common ◽  
Poisoning In Children

Introduction: Acute poisonings are one of the common cause of emergency visits and hospital admissions and is potentially preventable cause of childhood mortality and morbidity. The objectives of this study were to identify the common type of poisoning in children, to determine types of poisoning according to age and to find out the common age group in which the incidence of poisoning was high.Materials and Methods: It was a descriptive observational study done in a teaching hospital in Lalitpur, Nepal in patients aged 1 month to 18 years who visited the emergency department and were admitted to hospital with history of alleged poisoning from 2009 July to 2014 January.Results: Fifty patients were included. Drugs, kerosene and organophosphorus were most common cause of poisoning. Drugs and kerosene below 10 years of age and organophosphorus and drugs above 10 years of age were common types of poisoning. Maximum numbers (50%) of children with poisoning cases were below five year of age. Mean duration of hospital stay was 2.1days and mean age of poisoning was 7.8 years with a male(54%) predominance. Majority of poisoning occurred at home (84%) and 68% of patients were symptomatic at presentation to hospital with 84% of patients presenting to hospital within six hours.Conclusion: This study showed that drugs, kerosene and organophosphorus were most common forms of poisoning. Young children were most vulnerable for acute poisoning.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnps.v34i2.10139J Nepal Paediatr Soc 2014;34(2):100-103 

An overview of proximal suspensory ligament desmitis

UK-Vet Equine ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 175-181
Author(s):  
Jonathan Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Options ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Suspensory Ligament ◽  
The Common ◽  
Hindlimb Lameness

Proximal suspensory disease is a common cause of both forelimb and hindlimb lameness and poor performance in the horse. The following article describes the common presentations, diagnostic techniques and treatment options for the condition in both the forelimbs and the hindlimbs.

Subsequent and Subsidiary? Rethinking the Role of Applications in Establishing Quantum Mechanics

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 641-702 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremiah James ◽  
Christian Joas
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Structure ◽  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Quantum Theory ◽  
Classical Mechanics ◽  
Theory Construction ◽  
Science Pedagogy ◽  
Old Quantum Theory ◽  
The Common ◽  
Complete Quantum

As part of an attempt to establish a new understanding of the earliest applications of quantum mechanics and their importance to the overall development of quantum theory, this paper reexamines the role of research on molecular structure in the transition from the so-called old quantum theory to quantum mechanics and in the two years immediately following this shift (1926–1928). We argue on two bases against the common tendency to marginalize the contribution of these researches. First, because these applications addressed issues of longstanding interest to physicists, which they hoped, if not expected, a complete quantum theory to address, and for which they had already developed methods under the old quantum theory that would remain valid under the new mechanics. Second, because generating these applications was one of, if not the, principal means by which physicists clarified the unity, generality, and physical meaning of quantum mechanics, thereby reworking the theory into its now commonly recognized form, as well as developing an understanding of the kinds of predictions it generated and the ways in which these differed from those of the earlier classical mechanics. More broadly, we hope with this article to provide a new viewpoint on the importance of problem solving to scientific research and theory construction, one that might complement recent work on its role in science pedagogy.

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